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Agenda
1.Basics Hydrostatic, Applied Pressure, Differential Pressure 2.Buoyancy (Archimedeslaw review) 3.Hook Load and Buoyancy Factor (300.037 of field DH)
Open ended pipe Plugged Pipe
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4.Neutral Point (important when undoing a thread) 5.Changes in Tubing Length (TBG, DP, DC)
Due to Temperature Due to Stress (own weight) Due to Ballooning/Reverse Ballooning (= added Tbg pressure or annulus pressure)
6. Free Point
Basics
Pressure = Force / Area Force = Pressure x Area
Hydrostatic Pressure: Pressure caused by a column of fluid Phyd (psi) = Density (ppg) x Length (ft) x 0.052 Applied Pressure : Usually associated with a pump, or pressure from the formation. Differential Pressure: The difference between pressures acting on different sides of a body (a pipe, a piston, etc...
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Calculate the differential pressure acting on the tubing just above the packer (10,000 ft)
9 ppg brine
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6,000 ft
10,000 ft
Solution
P annulus = 9 ppg x 10,000 ft x 0.052 = 4,680 psi P tubing = 3000 + [( 9 ppg x 6,000 ft ) + ( 16 ppg x 4,000 ft )] x 0.052 = 9,136 psi P differential = P tbg - P ann = 9,136 - 4,680 = 4,456 psi
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ANSWER
Buoyancy
Any body immersed in a fluid will receive an upward force called buoyant force F The buoyant force F is equal to the weight of the volume of the fluid displaced by that body. The bouyancy force is proportional to the weight of the fluid.
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Buoyancy
Any body immersed in a fluid will receive an upward force called buoyant force F. The buoyant force F is equal to the weight of the volume of the fluid displaced by that body.
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DPhyd F
Hook Load
This is the actual weight supported by the hook when a string is in the well It combines the weight of the pipe with buoyancy due to fluid hydrostatic pressure Also called : effective weight
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5,000 ft
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Solution
A = [ p x (5.5)2 ] / 4 P. hyd Buoy. Force Weight in Air Hook Load A = 23.76 in2 = 2,600 psi = 61,776# = 85,000# = 23,224#
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= 5,000 ft x 10 ppg x 0.052 = 2,600 psi x 23.76 in2 = 5,000 ft x 17#/ft = 85,000 # - 61,776 #
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ANSWER
B. Force = 61,776 #
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Sea Water
950 ft 1,000 ft
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Solution
Outer Area = ( p x 302 ) / 4 = 706.85 in2 Inner Area = ( p x 28.272 ) / 4 = 627.68 in2
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Internal Pressure
External Pressure
Hyd Force (inside) Weight in air
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ANSWER
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10 ppg MUD
5,000 ft
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Solution
Area = p / 4 ( OD2 - ID2 ) Area = 0.7854 x [(5.5in)2 (4.89in)2] P hyd = 5,000 ft x 10 ppg x 0.052 Buoy. Force = 2,600 psi x 4.962in2 Weight in Air = 5,000 ft x 17 lb/ft HOOK LOAD = 85,000 lb - 12,900 lb
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ANSWER
Hook Load = 72,100 #
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Buoyancy Factor
Buoyancy Factor = 1 - ( Mud Weight / 231 x density of pipe )
with steel density = 0.2833 lb/in3
Note 1:
-->
The buoyancy factor for different mud weights can be found in the handbook, page 300.037.
Note 2:
The buoyancy factor can only be applied when using the same fluid inside and outside the pipe, so there is no differential pressure between annulus and tubing.
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-->
=1- (0.01528x10) = 0.8472 = 17#/ft x 0.8472 = 14.4 #/ft. = 5000' x 14.4#/ft= 72,000#
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R T W
W = Bouyant weight of the string R = Reaction against wellbore T = Tension in the string = HL
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R T W
Only a pull test RIH can confirm the R = Reaction against wellbore T = Tension in the string true Friction drag force
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Drag will change when buckling/helical buckling occurs in the well Confirmation of the exact drag can be done only by doing RIH/POH tests prior to the job
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Neutral Point
Hook Load
Neutral Point:
It is the the point in a string which is not under tension nor under compression.
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Neutral Point
Neutral Point:
It is the point in a string which is nor under tension nor under compression.
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Neutral Point
Neutral Point: It is the UNIQUE point in a string which is not under tension nor under compression.
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If we slack off 10,000lb to set the packer the neutral point will move up
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Neutral Point
Neutral Point:
Is the point in a string which is not under tension nor under compression If we slack off 10,000lb to set the packer the neutral point will move up
10,000lb
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NEUTRAL POINT ??
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Neutral Point
Neutral Point: Is the point in a string which is not under tension nor under compression
10,000lb
Hook Load
Tension
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NEUTRAL POINT
If we slack 10,000lb to set the packer the neutral point will move up
Compression
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Calculate the effective weight of the pipe (lbf/ft effective using the bouyancy factor table)
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Divide the weight required on the packer by the effective weight of the pipe (lbf/ft) That result is : the length of pipe required to effectively have the required weight on the packer.
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15,000 lb 10,000 ft
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Solution
Buoyancy Factor DP effective weight DP total Weight in Fluid = 1 - ( 0.01528 x 10 ) = 0.8472 = 19.5 x 0.8472 = 16.52 lb/ft
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Hook Load
Neutral Point Depth
We can also calculated the Neutral Point position from the Packer:
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5 DP 19.5 lb/ft
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6 DC 79.4 lb/ft
15,000 lb
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5 DP 19.5 lb/ft
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= 67.27 lb/ft
6 DC 79.4 lb/ft
As the Hook Load is > than DP weight, the neutral point is In the drill collars section Neutral Point depth = 3,277 ft
15,000 lb
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Example 3
Due to emergency situation in off shore , the well has to be shut down temporarily. 9-5/8 in DLT Packer + 61/8 in Storm Valve planned to be set around 1000 ft depth. At the same time client wants to have the bit 500 ft off bottom when the packer is set.
DLT + SV At 1000 ft
10 ppg MUD
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Questions : 1. What is the total hook load before you set the Packer? 2. Is the 6-1/8 in Storm Valve able to perform this job? Why? 3. What will be the Hook Load you need to have before unscrewing the Storm Valve (after the packer set)? 4. What will be the total tensile load supported by the DLT Packer? 5. Is the 9-5/8 in DLT packer able to support this load? Why?
5 DP 19.5 lb/ft
10,000 ft
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Solution
Q1 Bouyancy Factor = 1 (0.01528 x 10 ppg) = 0.8472 Total DC length = 600 ft Total DP length = 10,000 ft 500 ft 600 ft = 8,900 ft Total DC eff. wt = 0.8472 x 79.4 lb/ft x 600 ft = 40,360.6 lbs Total DP eff. wt = 0.8472 x 19.5 lb/ft x 8900 ft = 147,031.6 lbs Total Hook Load = 40,360.6 lbs + 147,031.6 lbs = 187,392.2 lbs Q2 Yes, because tensile load max of 6-1/8 in Storm Valve is 363 klbs
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Solution
Q3 Total DP length = 1,000 ft (from surface to SV depth) Total DP eff. wt = 0.8472 x 19.5 lb/ft x 1,000 ft = 16,520.4 lbs
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Q4 Total DC length = 600 ft Total DP length = 9,500 ft 600 ft 1000 ft = 7,900 ft Total DC eff. wt = 0.8472 x 79.4 lb/ft x 600 ft = 40,360.6 lbs Total DP eff. wt = 0.8472 x 19.5 lb/ft x 7900 ft = 130,511.2 lbs Total Hook Load = 40,360.6 lbs + 147,031.6 lbs = 171,141.8 lbs
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Solution
Q5 Yes, because hang off weight max of 9-5/8 in DLT Packer is 375 klbs
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Changes in Temperature
Temperature will change due to : Production Injection If Temperature Increases => Decreases =>
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Changes in Temperature
Temperature Effect:
DL = Lo x x DT
where:
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Lo = original length of pipe = temperature elongation factor (6.9 x 10-6 /F) DT = change in average temperature If both end of the tubing are fixed a force F will be generated F = 207 x A x DT
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15,000 lb
150 .F
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A = P/4 ( 3.52 - 2.7642 ) A = 3.62 in2 Temp. Average = ( 150 deg F + 70 deg F ) / 2 = 110 deg F DT = 70 deg F 110 deg F - 40 deg F F = 207 x A x DT = 207 x 3.62in2 x (- 40) deg F F = - 29,974 lb
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15,000 lb
150 .F
L Due to Stress
The stretch caused by stress is calculated with the Hooke's law:
FxL S = ----------ExA
Where: S = Stretch (= elongation) (ft.)
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F = Force pulling on tubing (lbf) L = Original length of tubing (ft.) E = Youngs Modulus (30 x 106 psi)
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L Due to Stress
Hook Load is Maxi at the top of the string and zero at the bottom
Hook Load
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L Due to Stress
Hook Load is Maxi at the top of the string and nil at the bottom
Hook Load
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L Due to Stress
Hook Load is Maxi at the top of the string and nil at the bottom
Hook Load
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L Due to Stress
Hook Load is Maxi at the top of the string and nil at the bottom
Hook Load
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10,000 ft
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Hook Load
10,000 ft
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= 0.8472
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Pipe Weight in mud = 12.8 #/ft x 0.8472 = 10,84 #/ft = 10.84 #/ft x 10,000 ft = 108,400 # Hook Load / 2= 54,000 #
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Hook Load
SOLUTION
B.F. (from handbook) =0.8472 Pipe Win mud =10.84 #/ft
Average Stress
Hook Load
Stretch DL
=108,400 #
=4.99 ft
10,000 ft
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Depth
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???? ft
Pressure
Depth
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Pressure
???? ft
Depth
Pressure ???? ft
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Ballooning - Example
GIVEN 3.1/2 Tbg / 12.8 #/ft Mud = 10 #/gal
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3000psi
SOLUTION
10,000 ft
???? ft
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Solution
If the string is allowed to shorten : L = 2L x 10-8 [ ( Ptb - R2 Pan ) / ( R2 - 1 ) ] R = 3.5 / 2.764 = 1.2663 R2 - 1 = 0.6035 L = 10,000 ft Ptb = 3,000 psi Pan = 0 L = 2 x 10,000 ft x 10-8 [ ( 3,000 ) / 0.6035 ] L = 0.994 ft = 12 in ( shorter )
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Ballooning - Example
GIVEN 3.1/2 Tbg / 12.8 #/ft Mud = 10 #/gal Calculate the change in length or force due to Ballooning SOLUTION If pipe Free DL = 12 in shorter If pipe not Free F = 10,800 # tension 10,000 ft ???? ft
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3000psi
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Free Point
Definition: Free point is the point in the string above which a stuck pipe is free (drilling incident)
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Determination: Apply an upward force, F1, to ensure that all the string is in tension. Mark a reference point on the pipe. Apply more upward force, F2, ( below the yield strength of the pipe ). Measure the stretch S in inches. Calculate the Free Point from Hooke's Law.
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Module Summary
1. Review Hydrostatic Applied Pressure Differential Pressure 2. Buoyancy 3. Hook Load and Buoyancy Factor Open Ended Pipe Plugged Pipe 4. Neutral Point 5. Changes in Tubing Length Due to Temperature Due to Stress Due to Ballooning/Reverse Ballooning 6. Free Point
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