1.

Eileen is going to cook some vegetable. She is choosing between frying vegetable or cooking it with water. If Eileen fries vegetable, she will use 20-g olive oil, heat the oil to about 200 C from 27 C, fry vegetable and add a pinch of salt. If she cooks vegetable with water, she will boil 1-kg water and then add 10-g olive oil and a pinch of salt. The output power of her stove is 2000 W. (Given: Specific heat capacity of olive oil = 1970 J kg1 C1 Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg1 C1) (a) Eileen decides to fry vegetable. (i) Find the energy required to heat up the oil. (2 marks) (ii) If 6000 J is required to cook the vegetable, how long will it take for the whole cooking process? (2 marks) (iii) In practice, will Eileen use a longer or a shorter time to cook? Why? (2 marks) (iv) Eileen adds salt after frying the vegetable and finds that salt does not melt. Why? Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks) (b) If Eileen cooks vegetable with water, how much energy is required to heat up water from 27 C to 100 C? Which cooking method consumes more energy? (3 marks) Kate is going to calibrate a mercury-in-glass thermometer and to use it in an experiment. (a) Describe how she calibrates the thermometer with Celsius scale. (4 marks) (b) In (a), Kate finds the lengths of the mercury thread at the upper and the lower fixed points are 24.0 cm and 4.0 cm respectively. When she puts the thermometer in a beaker of liquid L at room temperature, the length of the mercury thread is 8.4 cm. Find the room temperature. (2 marks) (c) The thermometer is then used to measure the specific heat capacity of a beaker of liquid L. The set-up is shown in the following figure.

2.

glass

The following are the readings taken in the experiment: Power of the heater = 50 W Mass of liquid L in the beaker = 500 g Initial length of the mercury thread = 8.4 cm Final length of the mercury thread = 15.5 cm Time taken to heat up liquid L = 5 min (i) (ii) Liquid L does not boil during the experiment. Calculate the specific heat capacity of liquid L. (3 marks) It is found that the result obtained in (i) is different from the actual value of the specific heat capacity of liquid L. Why? Suggest two methods to improve the experiment. (3 marks)

3.

A 200-W immersion heater is immersed in 0.2 kg of water in a polystyrene cup. The heater is switched on and the temperature of water is taken every 30 s. The following data are obtained: Time t / s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 20 27 34 41 48 55 61 67 70 Temperature / oC (a) Using a scale of 1 cm to 10 C and 1 cm to 30 s, plot a graph of against t on graph paper.

(b)

(i) (ii) (iii)

Find the energy supplied by the heater from t 0 to t 240 s. Find the energy absorbed by the water from t 0 to t 240 s. (Given: Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg1 C1)

(4 marks) (2 marks)

(c)

(2 marks) State TWO reasons to explain the difference between your answers in (i) and (ii). (2 marks) How will the difference between your answer in (b)(i) and (ii) change if the polystyrene cup is replaced by a beaker? Give reasons to support your answer. (3 marks)

4.

Jimmy uses the apparatus as shown in the following figure to find the specific heat capacity of water.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) 5.

Draw a diagram to show how the apparatus should be arranged for the experiment. (3 marks) What is the function of the joulemeter in this experiment? (1 mark) Explain why the water should be stirred throughout the experiment. (1 mark) Jimmy obtains the following results: Mass of water = 0.2 kg Initial temperature of water = 25 C Final temperature of water = 42 C Initial joulemeter reading = 64 350 J Final joulemeter reading = 79 470 J Calculate the specific heat capacity of water. (2 marks) The value obtained in (d) is found to be higher than the actual value. Suggest TWO reasons for this and explain your answer briefly. (3 marks) If Jimmy adds a lid to cover the cup and repeats the experiment, would you expect the specific heat capacity of water obtained to be higher or lower than that obtained in (d)? Explain briefly. (2 marks) Suggest two reasons for using a polystyrene cup in the experiment. (2 marks)

A student uses the apparatus shown in the following figure to find the specific heat capacity of a metal.

*(a) How can the energy supplied by the heater be measured? Explain your answer with the aid of a diagram. (6 marks) (b) Explain why a few drops of oil should be added in the hole for the thermometer. (1 mark)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

Explain why the heater should not be switched on unless it is in contact with the metal block. (1 mark) The following data are obtained: Mass of metal block = 1 kg Initial temperature = 25 C Final temperature = 32 C Energy supplied by the heater = 6750 J Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal. (3 marks) The value obtained in (d) is found to be higher than the accepted value of the specific heat capacity of the metal. Suggest a reason for this and explain your answer briefly. (2 marks) Suggest TWO methods to improve the accuracy of the experiment. (2 marks)