PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

EARTHMAT DESIGN Description 1.0 SYSTEM DATA Rms value of symmetrical fault current Fault clearing time for conductor selection 1.1 SOIL DATA Soil Resistivity (Average) Surface resistivity Thickness of Surface layer 1.2 GRID CONDUCTOR DATA The Conductor Selected is 25 mm dia MS Rod Max allowable temperature of the conductor Ambient temperature Reference temperature for material constant Coefficient of resistivity at Tr o C (Mild Steel) Resistivity of ground conductor Thermal capacity factor Diameter of grid conductor in m Spacing of grid conductor Chosen Depth of burial of Grid conductor Duration of shock 1.3 SWITCHYARD DATA (Refer Annexure-1 for Earthgrid layout ) Length of Rectangle -132/33 kV Side Width of Rectangle -132/33 kV Side Area of substation Grid conductor periphery length Maximum distance along grid length A Lp Lx m m Sq.m m m = 73 = 101.5 = 7409.5 = 349.0 = 73.00 Tm Ta Tr r r TCAP d D h ts -cm J/cm3/oC m m m Sec
o

Symbol

Unit

Value

I tr

kA sec

= 31.5 = 1

(132kV Side) (132kV Side)

s hs

-m -m m

= 33.36 = 3000 = 0.1

c c c

= 620 = 50 = 20 = 0.00423 = 15 = 3.749 = 0.025 = 9 = 0.6 = 0.5

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

Maximum distance along grid width 1.4 EARTH ELECTRODE DATA Diameter of Pipe/rod earth electrode in m Length of each rod conductor in m No.of Earth electrodes Total length of ground rods (Refer Annexure-1 for No. of Earth Electrodes) 2.0 METHODOLOGY:

Ly

= 101.5

De Lr N LR

m m Nos m

= 0.04 = 3 = 54 = 162

2.1 The Earthing Design Calculation is done as per the recommendations given in IEEE Std. 80,2000 2.2 The Corrosion Allowance is considered for Mild Steel as per the recommendations given in CBIP Manual on Earthing. 2.3 The Following are considered for determination of grounding conductor length Total length of Earthmat Length of Earth electrodes

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

3.0 3.1

CALCULATION: Selection of cross section of grid conductor (A) The Cross-section of Conductor is given by A =

I TCAP.10 4 t . . r r r K +T m ln o K +T o a

mm2

31.5 A = 3.749 x 10-4 x ln 1 x 0.00423x 15 383 Sq.mm 216.41 + 620 216.41 + 50

mm2

Where K0 = 1 / ar - tr

K0

216.41 = 383 x 1.15

As per CBIP Manual on earthing, a corrosion allowance of 15% is considered

Calculated Conductor Size

440 Sq.mm

For 383 Sq.mm, Size of Conductor Required

= =

440 4 3.14
23.7 mm 25mm dia MS Rod

Selected Conductor Size Hence safe. 3.2 Determination of grounding conductor length: The Earth Mat spacing considered for safe Step & Touch Potential Area of Substation earthing Grid conductor periphery length Maximum distance along grid length Maximum distance along grid width Length of each ground rod Total length of ground rods Spacing of grid conductor chosen

= A Lp Lx Ly Lr

9mx9m

= 7410 Sq.m = 349.0 m = 73.00 m = 101.5 m = 3m (Refer Annexure - 1)

LR = 162 m D = 9.0 m

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

Estimation of Grid Conductor Length Rectangle (73m x 101.5m) The number of conductors parallel to the length The number of conductors parallel to the width Length of Conductor for Rectangle The total length of the grid conductor along the Length & Width in the switchyard Grid conductor Combined Length (Lc) used in the switchyard Effective length of the buried Conductor in m = 12 = 9

}
LC LT

= 1790 m

= 1790 m = L C + LR = 1952 m

3.3

Determination of Maximum Grid current (IG) IG = Df.Sf.If

Where Df Sf If Decrement factor for Tf Current division factor Symmetrical Ground fault current = 1 = 0.73 = 31.5 kA

No of 132kV Transmission line shield wires = 4 No of 33kV Transmission line shield wires = 0 Sf = 0.73

(As per Layout)

(Refer Table C-13 of IEEE-80-2000)

Maximum Grid current IG = = 1 x 0.73 x 31.5 23.00 kA

Shock duration time ts = 0.5 sec 3.4 Calculation of Tolerable Touch voltage(Et) & Step voltage(Es)

Cs

0.09 1 2 h s

1 - s + 0.09

Cs

1 - 0.09(1- (33.36/3000)) 2 x 0.1 + 0.09

Cs

0.693

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

Tolerable Touch Voltage Et is given by Et50 = =

(1000 + 1.5C S S ) 0.116

tS
(1000+1.5 x 0.693 x 3000) x 0.116 0.5 676 V

Et50 =

Tolerable Step Voltage Es is given by Es50 =

(1000 + 6C S S ) 0.116
tS

(1000+6 x 0.693 x 3000) x 0.116 0.5

Es50 = 3.5

2210 V

Determination of Grid resistance (Rg)

Rg

1 + LT

1 1 + 20 20 .A 1+ h A 1

Rg

33.36

1 1952

1 20 x 7410

1+ 1+0.6

1 20 7410 Ohm

Rg

0.188 Ohms

Since the Grid resistance Rg is Less than 1, the design is safe.

3.6

Determination of Ground Potential Rise (GPR) GPR = = = IG x Rg 23 x 0.188 4324 V

3.7

Calculation of Attainable Mesh voltage(Et) & Step voltage(Es)

3.7.1 Determination of the effective No.of Parallel Conductor (n) n = na x n b x n c x n d

Where na =

L 2 C L P
2 x (1789.5 / 349) 10.26

= =

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

nb

LP 4 A
349 4 x 7410 1.01

nc

0.7A L L L Y X Y = LX A
= 73 x 101.5 7410 = 1 1 (For Square,Rectangular & L-shaped grids) 1 = 10
( 0.7 x 7410)/(73 x101.5)

nd nd

= =

3.7.2 Determination of Ki: Ki = = =

0.644 + (0.148 n )
( ) 0.644 + (0.148 x 10.00) 2.18

3.7.3 Determination of Km: Km =

1 D2 (D + 2h )2 h K ii 8 ln 16hd + 8Dd 4d + K . ln (2n 1) 2 h

Where Kii =

1 (For a grid with earth electrodes along the perimeter or for grids with electrodes in grid corners as well as both along the perimeter and througout the grid area)
h 1 + ho

Kh

= =

1.265

Where ho=1m (Grid reference depth)

Km

1 2x 3.14

ln

92 16 x 0.6 x 0.04

+ (9 + 2 x 0.6)2 8 x 9 x 0.04

0.6 4 x 0.04

1 1.265

ln

8 3.14 x (2 x (18.00-1))

Km

0.692

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

3.7.4 Determination of Ks: Ks =

1 1 1 1 + + 1 0.5 n 2 2h D + h D
1- 0.5(11-2)

1 3.14

1 2 x 0.6

+ 1 9 +0.6

1 9

Ks

0.334

3.7.5 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (Lm for Touch Voltage) For grids with Earth electrodes
+ 1.55 + 1.22 = LC L R L 2 + L 2 x y Lr

Lm

1790 +

1.55 + 1.22

3 732 + 101.52

162

Lm

2045 m

3.7.6 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (Ls for Step Voltage): Ls = = Ls = 0.75Lc + 0.85LR for grids with or without ground rods

(0.75 x 1790) + ( 0.85 x 162) 1480 m

Attainable Mesh voltage Em is given by

Em

K K l m i G L m

= Em =

( 33.36 x 0.692 x 2.18 x 23000) / 2045 566 V

Attainable Step voltage Es is given by

Es

K K l s i G L s
( 33.36x 0.334 x 2.18 x 23000) / 1480 377 V

= Es 4.0 a) b) c) =

CONCLUSION: Em vs Et50 The Calculated Mesh Voltage of 566 V is lower than the tolerable Touch Voltage 676 V. Es vs Es50 The Calculated Step Voltage of 377 V is lower than the tolerable Step Voltage 2210 V. Grid Resistance Rg The Calculated Grid Resistance of 0.188 Ohms is less than 1 Ohm Hence the design is safe.

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

ANNEXURE - 1 Estimation of No. of Earth Electrodes for 132/33kV Jandaha New S/S
S.NO 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 3 4 DESCRIPTION 132kV SWITCHYARD SA CVT TOWERS WITH PEAK TRANSFORMER 33kV SWITCHYARD SA TOWERS WITH PEAK LIGHTNING MASTS GRID CORNERS Total No. of Earth Electrodes Length of Each Electrode Total Length of Earth Electrodes 6 9 2 4 54 3m 162 m 12 9 4 8 NO. OF EARTH ELECTRODES

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005

PROJECT: 132/33kV JANDAHA NEW SUBSTATION

SHYAMA POWER (l) LTD

0.73

0.188

EARTHMAT DESIGN CALCULATION

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Doc.No.:SPL-BSTS-JANDAHA-EARTHMAT.CAL-005