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REPORT ON.

TRENDS DEVELOPMENTS IN T-SHIRT PRINTING

COLLOQUIUM ON GLOBAL ISSUES IN DESIGN

Submitted By:Rajnish Kumar. Roll no.:- 16 KD: - VII NIFT: - KOLKATA

Contents
Objectives.. Report planning Introduction of T-Shirt printing. History Trend analysis......................................... T Shirt printing Conclusion..

Objective
Every personal and professional tee shirt printing project has an objective. Yours is no different. If you're even thinking about sending a shirt design off to the printers, it's important you don't skip this step in the printing process. For example, tee shirt printing for your club or organization is a different process than printing shirts to sell over the Internet. An organization may need to collect the money from other members, vote on a final tee shirt design and decide on a shipment date before ever giving printers approval to start work. On the other hand, you may be launching an online tee shirt company in your spare time, making quality and cost your primary concerns, not the shipment date.

REPORT PLANNING
This report is based on trend development of T-Shirt printing. First we have to know the small introduction about trend development of T-Shirt printing. Second we have to know the t-shirt forecast- (about the theme, colour, key silhouette, print and fabrics) in t shirt printing market.

INTRODUCTION
A T-shirt is a style of shirt. A T-shirt's defining characteristic is the T shape made with the body and sleeves. It is normally associated with short sleeves, a round neck line, and no collar. However, it may also include long sleeves, buttons, collars, or v-necks.

T-shirts are typically made of cotton fibers (sometimes others), knitted together in a Jersey stitch that gives a T-shirt its distinctive soft texture. T-shirts can be decorated with text and/or pictures, and they are often used to advertise through promoting products, companies, films and websites.

T-shirt printing has come a very long way since the original Mickey Mouse and Davy Crockett t-shirt designs of the 1950s! From the beginning though, the main method of tshirt printing has been that of screen printing, and whilst other processes such as digital or direct to garment screen printing has been the mainstay of the t-shirt printing industry for over 60 years

Screen printing is also known as silk screening and is essentially a very simple technique that uses a mesh and a stencil. The fine mesh is first stretched onto a wooden frame and a stencil is then used to allow blank areas of the design to be covered with impermeable substance. The open areas of mesh are then able to transfer ink to the fabric when the print roller or squeegee moves across

History
T shirt printing has come a long way from its humble beginnings. Most of us are unaware of the incredible journey that the graphic prints on our t shirts took. Let us first understand the basic idea behind screen printing; it is a method of printing that uses a meshed frame with a stencil. Ink then fills the mesh and is is pushed through the openings left by the stencil to affect whats underneath. During the 18th Century silk was used instead of hair to form the mesh around the wooden frame and the term silk screen printing was coined. It still remains a mainstream term despite most contemporary screens being synthetic. The next important step towards the development of t shirt printing was with the introduction of the screen printing process from the East to the West. It took many years before the process become popular in the Western world because its value was overlooked for many years.

TRENDS
T-shirts were originally worn as undershirts. Now T-shirts are worn frequently as the only piece of clothing on the top half of the body, other than possibly a bra or an undershirt (vest). T-shirts have also become a medium for self-expression and advertising, with any imaginable combination of words, art and photographs on display.

A T-shirt typically extends to the waist. Variants of the T-shirt, like the tank top, crew, neck, A-shirt ("wife beater"), muscle shirt, scoop neck, and V-neck have been developed. Hip hop fashion calls for "tall-T" T-shirts which may extend down to the knees. A 1990s trend in women's clothing involved tight-fitting "cropped" T-shirts short enough to reveal the midriff. Another popular trend is wearing a short-sleeved T-shirt of a contrasting color over a long-sleeved T-shirt. This is known as "layering". T-shirts that are tight to the body are called fitted, tailored or "baby doll" t-shirts The T-shirt is a very versatile piece of clothing. T-shirts have been on the scene since the late 1800s. They were frequently worn by those in the mining industry, because they were more comfortable to wear in a hot environment. These original garments were available with and without buttons. T-shirts officially got their name in the 1920s. It was during that time that the word 'T-shirt' was added to the Merriam-Webster dictionary. By 1939, these shirts were issued as standard US military underwear and were manufactured without buttons.

At that point, other rock bands and even sports teams decided to take the risk and use the t-shirt as a promotional tool. It was an excellent choice for most, who found them making good money selling these shirts to their fans. Many notable T-shirt styles were produced in the 70s and are still a huge part of pop culture, today. These styles include: bright yellow happy face t-shirts, Rolling Stone tshirts complete with the tongue sticking out gesture made famous by Mick Jagger and the iconic 'I love (heart) New York' t-shirt.

Example of T-shirt printing. Screen Printing: - Screen printing is an age old process when it comes to designing tshirts. Screen printing uses screens as stencils in order to directly imprint ink onto the fabric of the shirt.

Digital Printing:Digital printing is a recent invention in custom t-shirt printing. Digital printing works a lot like how a printer for your computer would work. Instead of having that printer print on a piece of paper, it prints directly onto a t-shirt. There are specialized printers that are made just to print on t-shirts.

Transfer printing.
Transfer printing is a popular and inexpensive method of printing t-shirts. Transfer printing is great for single colour designs, individual names, and numbers. Used extensively on Sportswear eg: Football shirts and commonly used on Hen and Stag and Tour garments .

There are a huge array of colours available ranging from standard colours, high visibility and Fluorescents.

Each design is cut out from a sheet of transfer vinyl using a machine, it is then placed over the garment and heat sealed at high temperature. Modern vinyls are very tough and durable and bond very firmly to the garment and with a little care will last a long time.

Transfer printing is the most economic form of printing for smaller quantities or combined with embroidery to personalise individual garments.

Spray painting
Spray painting is a painting technique where a device sprays a coating (paint, ink, varnish, etc.) through the air onto a surface. Spray guns evolved from airbrushes, and the two are usually distinguished by their size and the size of the spray pattern they produce. Airbrushes are hand-held and used instead of a brush for detailed work such as photo retouching, painting nails or fine art. Air gun spraying uses equipment that is generally larger. It is typically used for covering large surfaces with an even coating of liquid.

Discharge Printing.
discharge printing, also called Extract Printing, method of applying a design to dyed fabric by printing a color-destroying agent, such as chlorine or hydrosulfite, to bleach out a white or light pattern on the darker colored ground. In color-discharge printing, a dye impervious to the bleaching agent is combined with it, producing a colored design instead of white on the dyed ground. Discharge screen printing can be used to print colors on dark garments that in the past would have required an additional layer of white ink in order to achieve proper opacity of top colors.

Hand Printing
Hand printing is the act of making an impression or mark on the surface of any kind usually made with the palm and fingers. The fingers and the palm are inked and then placed on the intended surface, leaving a mark or an artistic impression.

Stencil printing
Stencil printing is an art technique used to transfer a design to a surface. Cutting shapes in paper or acetate creates the stencil. To print the pattern, the designer applies paints or inks through the open areas. The stencil printing process was originally adapted from the screen printing process. The only difference between stencil and screen printing is the actual artwork where the material is transferred through. A screen is a woven mesh which has been photo patterned to create a defined image where a stencil is a solid foil with suitably placed holes.

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