05 Huawei WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters

Course Name
N-0
WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters

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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
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N-1
Foreword
Why mobile systems need handover?
It is decided by the characters of mobile system:
The mobility of UE The mobile system is composed by cells which the coverage ability is limited. Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic element in QoS.
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N-2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the basic definitions of Handover The algorithms of handover decision The handover flow The parameters of handover
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N-3
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover 2. Measurement of Handover 3. The Basic Handovers
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N-4
Contents
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N-5
The Purpose of Handover

Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic element in QoS The load balance: sharing the resource The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high efficiency of using resource
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Handover is a basic function of a cellular mobile network. The purpose of handover is to ensure that a UE in CELL_DCH state is served continuously when it moves.
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N-6
The Basic Concepts of Handover

Active Set Monitored Set Detected set Radio Link (RL) Radio Link Set (RLS) maximum ratio combination selection combination The soft handover gain CPICH
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Active set : Cells, which belong to the active set. User information is sent from all these cells. In FDD, the cells in the active set are involved in soft handover. In TDD the active set always comprises one cell only. The UE shall only consider active set cells included in the variable CELL_INFO_LIST for measurement; i.e. active set cells not included in the CELL_INFO_LIST shall not be considered in any event evaluation and measurement reporting. Monitored set :Cells, which are not included in the active set, but are included in the CELL_INFO_LIST belong to the monitored set. Detected set : Cells detected by the UE, which are neither in the CELL_INFO_LIST nor in the active set belong to the detected set. Reporting of measurements of the detected set is only applicable to intra-frequency measurements made by UEs in CELL_DCH state. RL: Radio link between NodeB and UE. RLS: Radio link set. The RLs from same NodeB. Combination way: For soft handover, the uplink signals are combined in RNC. The RNC will select one best signal to process. We call this selective combination. For softer handover, the uplink signals are combined in the RAKE receiver of NodeB. It is maximum ratio combination. Soft handover gain: We have introduced in Coverage Planning. CPICH: Common Pilot Channel. UE measure the signal strength of CPICH for handover decision.
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N-7
The Categories of Handover

According to the signaling characters
Soft handover (softer handover) Hard handover
According to the properties of source cell and target cell:

Intra-frequency handover Inter-frequency handover Inter-RAT handover (UMTS GSM/GPRS)
According to the purpose of handover:

Based on Coverage Based on Noncoverage
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The unique signaling of soft handover is Active Set Update, and the unique signaling of hard handover is Physical Channel Reconfiguration. Soft handover include soft handover and softer handover. It is depended on if the two (or three) RLs belong to one NodeB. The handover based on load is load control algorithm. The handover based on mobility of UE is for HCS handover. The handover based on service: for example, the handover between R99 and HSDPA.
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N-8
The Characters of Different Handover

Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:
Item
The number of RLs in active set after handover Interruption during handover The frequencies of cells
Soft Handover
Several One
Hard Handover
No
Yes
Only happened between Intrafrequency cells
Can be happened in Intrafrequency cells or Inter-frequency cells
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The maximum number of RL is 3. This value can be changed. But this function need the UE to support. Normally, the active set supported by UE is fixed 3 and can not be changed.
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N-9
The Characters of Different Handover

Comparison between soft handover and softer handover :
Item
UL combination
Soft Handover
Signal combined in RNC by selective combination
Softer Handover
Signal combined in NodeB by maximum ratio combination
DL combination
Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination
Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination
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During softer handover, the uplink signaling are combined in NodeB by maximum ratio combination, but during soft handover they are combined in RNC by selective combination Compare to later one, the maximum ratio combination can get more gain. So the performance of maximum ratio combination is better Since softer handover is completed in NodeB, it do not consume transport resource of Iub
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N-10
Soft Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
NodeB 2
Cell A
Cell B
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It is soft handover. During the handover, two radio links are connected with UE, and data in each RL are same. So the UE can combine the data in RAKE receiver. But the control part are different for downlink.
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N-11
Softer Handover
RNC
NodeB
Cell A Cell B
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It is softer handover. The cells in active set belong to one NodeB. The NodeB use the RAKE receiver to combine the data in HULP board. Then send the data to WFMR board in RNC.
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N-12
Hard Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
NodeB 2
Cell A
Cell B
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It is hard handover. The UE disconnect the original radio link, then connect to the target cell. It happened in intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-RAT.
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N-13
Three Steps of Handover

The following figure shows handover procedure (measurement quality set to PCPICH Ec/No)
Measure the CPICH Ec/N0 of the serving cell and its neighboring cells as well as the relative time difference between the cells
Measurement phase
Measurement
Decision
No Are handover criteria satisfied? Decision phase
Execution
Yes
Perform a handover and update relative parameters
Execution phase
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In the measurement phase, the UE takes measurement according to the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message received from the RNC. The UE sends related measurement reports to the RNC according to the rules defined in the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message when the event triggering conditions are met. After receiving the intra-frequency measurement report from the UE, the RNC decides whether to go to the execution phase, depending on the information in the report.
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N-14
Contents
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N-15
Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report 2.2 Measurement Phase
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N-16
Measurement Control
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
Measurement Control, normal case
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If the UE setup a RRC connection or trigger the 1D event, the UTRAN will send the measurement control to UE. The measurement control include the algorithm of measurement and handover, for example, the intra-frequency handover criteria, and how to report. The latter message includes the following measurement control information: 1. Measurement identity: A reference number that should be used by the UTRAN when setting up, modifying or releasing the measurement and by the UE in the measurement report. 2. Measurement command: One out of three different measurement commands. -Setup: Setup a new measurement. -Modify: Modify a previously defined measurement, e.g. to change the reporting criteria. -Release: Stop a measurement and clear all information in the UE that are related to that measurement. 3. Measurement type: One of the types listed above describing what the UE shall measure. Presence or absence of the following control information depends on the measurement type. 4. Measurement objects: The objects the UE shall measure, and corresponding object information. 5. Measurement quantity: The quantity the UE shall measure. This also includes the filtering of the measurements. 6. Reporting quantities: The quantities the UE shall include in the report in addition to the quantities that are mandatory to report for the specific event. 7. Measurement reporting criteria: The triggering of the measurement report, e.g. periodical or event-triggered reporting. 8. Measurement Validity: Defines in which UE states the measurement is valid. 9. Measurement reporting mode: This specifies whether the UE shall transmit the measurement report using AM or UM RLC. 10. Additional measurement identities: A list of references to other measurements. When this measurement triggers a measurement report, the UE shall also include the reporting quantities for the measurements referenced by the additional measurement identities.
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N-17
Measurement Report
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Measurement Control, normal case
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The purpose of the measurement reporting procedure is to transfer measurement results from the UE to UTRAN. Based on the algorithm in measurement control, the UE will measure the signal strength and check if it meet the requirement of all event. If it meet the requirement of any event, UE will send the measurement report to UTRAN to trigger the handover. The most important information in the measurement are the PSC and the CPICH Ec/No of the target cell, and the triggered event.
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N-18
Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report 2.2 Measurement Phase
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N-19
Measurement Model
parameters parameters
Layer 1 filtering
Layer 3 filtering
C C'
Evaluation of reporting criteria
A is measurement value at the physical layer B is the measurement value after layer 1 filtering at physical layer. The value goes from the physical layer to high layer C is measurement after processing in the layer3 filter C is another measurement value D is measurement report information sent on the radio interface or Iub interface
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N-20
Measurement Quantity
Ec/No
CPICH signal quality
RSCP
CPICH signal level
RSSI
GSM cell signal level
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The measurement quantity of intra-frequency or inter-frequency measurement can be Ec/No (dB) or RSCP (dBm) of a common pilot channel . For inter-RAT measurement ,GSM cell RSSI is used.
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N-21
Measurement Quantity Configuration

IntraFreqMeasQuantity
Parameter name: Intra-frequency measure quantity The default value of this parameter is Ec/No
InterFreqMeasQuantity
Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure quantity The default value of this parameter is Both
MeasQuantityOf3A
Parameter name: 3A Measure Quantity The default value of this parameter is RSCP
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IntraFreqMeasQuantity Parameter name: Intra-frequency measurement quantity Value range: CPICH_Ec/No, CPICH_RSCP . Content: Measurement value used in intrafrequency measurement . The recommended value of this parameter is CPICH_EC/NO Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST INTRAFREQHO. InterFreqMeasQuantity Parameter name: Inter-frequency measurement quantity Value range: CPICH_Ec/No, CPICH_RSCP, BOTH . Content: Measurement quantity used in coverage-based inter-frequency measurement . The recommended value of this parameter is BOTH. Set this parameter through SET INTERFREQHOCOV, query it through LST INTERFREQHOCOV. MeasQuantityOf3A Parameter name: 3A Measure Quantity Value range: CPICH_Ec/No, CPICH_RSCP. Content: Measurement quantity used in coverage-based inter-RAT measurement . The recommended value of this parameter is CPICH_RSCP.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through
SET INTERRATHOCOV.
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N-22
Layer 3 filtering
Fn = (1 a ) Fn 1 + a M n
Where:
Fn is the new measurement value after filtering. Fn-1 is the last measurement value after filtering. Mn is the latest measurement value from the physical layer. a = 1/2(k/2) (k is set to Intra-freq meas L3 filter coeff)
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The greater this parameter is ,the stronger the smoothing effect on the signal will be , and the stronger the fast fading resistance capability will be , but the weaker the tracing capability of the signal change will be. When k = 0, that is, a is set to 1, no layer 3 filtering is performed.
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N-23
Layer 3 filtering coefficient

FilterCoef
Parameter name: Intra-frequency measurement filter coefficient The default value of this parameter is D3
InterFreqFilterCoef
Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure filter coefficient The default value of this parameter is D3
InterRATFilterCoef
Parameter name: Inter-RAT filter coefficient The default value of this parameter is D3
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FilterCoef Parameter name: Intra-frequency measurement filter coefficient Value range: 0~19. Content: L3 filtering coefficient for intra-frequency measurement. The greater this parameter is, the greater the smoothing effect and the higher the anti fast fading capability, but the lower the signal change tracing capability. The recommended value of this parameter is 3 Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST INTRAFREQHO. InterFreqFilterCoef Parameter name: Inter-frequency measurement filter coefficient Value range: 0~19. Content: L3 filtering coefficient for intra-frequency measurement. The greater this parameter is, the greater the smoothing effect and the higher the anti fast fading capability, but the lower the signal change tracing capability. The recommended value of this parameter is 3 Set this parameter through SET INTERFREQHOCOV, query it through LST INTERFREQHOCOV. InterRATFilterCoef Parameter name: Inter-RAT measurement filter coefficient Value range: 0~19. Content: L3 filtering coefficient for intra-frequency measurement. The greater this parameter is, the greater the smoothing effect and the higher the anti fast fading capability, but the lower the signal change tracing capability. The recommended value of this parameter is 3 Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
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N-24
Measurement Report Mode

Periodic Report Event Trigger Report Event to Periodic Report
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According to the Measurement Control , UE will report the measurement results to UTRAN by event trigger report or periodic report. If the UE report a measurement report triggered by Event ,the UE will wait for response from UTRAN, if there is no any response after a specific period, to avoid measurement report loss, the event reporting can be turned to periodical report.
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N-25
Contents
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N-26
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover 3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover 3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover 3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover 3.5 Blind Handover
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N-27
Contents
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N-28
Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Characters of Soft Handover
During handover, UE has several RLs with different cells The handover among different cells which are in same RLS can be softer handover Signals from each RL will be combined in UL and DL.
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Soft handover: selective combination in uplink Maximum ratio combination in downlink Softer handover Maximum ratio combination in uplink and downlink
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N-29
Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Advantages
Soft handover gain Decrease the possibility of call drop
Disadvantages
More resource needed in downlink it way cause side-effect
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Advantages Because of the signal combination, the combination gain can overcome some of the path loss During the handover, UE has several RLs with the network, call drop caused by pingpong handover can be avoided
Disadvantages Soft handover will occupy more resource ,such as CE, Iub transmission, especially for the code resources for BE service When the downlink power from different cells are not balanced, it will cause side-effect in downlink.
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N-30
Measurement of Soft Handover

Measurement quantity
CPICH RSCP CPICH Ec/No
Reporting mode
Periodic reporting Event trigger reporting Event trigger reporting to Periodic reporting
Event type
1A,1B,1C,1D,1F
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Normally, the soft handovers are triggered by 1A,1B,1C events in the Measurement report signaling, UTRAN will make decisions according to these events 1D event will trigger new measurement control.
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N-31
Soft Handover Measurement Events

Event 1A Description The PCPICH quality of the cells in the monitored set enters the reporting range . This indicates that the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell . A relative high combined gain can be achieved when the cell is added to the active set 1B The PCPICH quality of the cells in the active set leaves the reporting range. This indicates that quality of a cell is much worse than the quality of the best cell. The cell should not stay in the active set 1C A non-active PCPICH becomes better than an active PCPICH. This indicates that the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell. In addition ,the number of cells in the active set has reached the maximum value. The cell replaces the worst cell in the active set ; thus achieving a higher combined gain 1D Event of the change of the best cell
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Actually ,we can consider Events are the suggestions from the UE: 1A means UE suggests to add a radio link, 1B means UE suggests to remove a radio link, 1C means UE suggests to exchange a radio link
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N-32
The Trigger Algorithm of 1A Event

Event 1A is triggered on the basis of the following formula
10 LogM
New
NA + CIO New W 10 Log M i + (1 W ) 10 LogM i =1
Best
( R1a H 1 a / 2 ),
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Mnew is the measurement value of the cell in the reporting range CIOnew is cell individual offset of the cell in the reporting range . It is set for the neighboring cell W is the weight value Mi is the measurement value of the cell in the active set NA is the number of cells in the current active set Mbest is the measurement value of the best cell in the active set R1a is the reporting range or relative threshold of soft handover. The threshold parameters of CS and PS service are CS service 1A event relative threshold , PS service 1A event relative threshold respectively H1a is 1A hysteresis , the hysteresis value of event 1A
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N-33
Example of 1A Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set C: The 1A curve
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N-34
Key parameters of 1A Event

INTRARELTHDFOR1ACS
Parameter name: CS service 1A event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 6 ( 3dB )
INTRARELTHDFOR1APS
Parameter name: PS service 1A event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 6 ( 3dB )
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INTRARELTHDFOR1ACS Parameter name: CS service 1A event relative threshold

Value range: 0~14.5; step: 0.5 Content: The CS service relative threshold of the event 1A. It is easier to
trigger event 1A if the value increases. It is harder to trigger event 1A if the value decreases.
The recommended value of this parameter is 6 (3dB) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
INTRARELTHDFOR1ACS Parameter name: PS service 1A event relative threshold

Value range: 0~14.5; step: 0.5 Content: The PS service relative threshold of the event 1A. It is easier to
trigger event 1A if the value increases. It is harder to trigger event 1A if the value decreases.
INTRAFREQHO.
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N-35
Key parameters of 1A Event

HYSTFOR1A
Parameter name: 1A event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 0( 0dB )
TRIGTIME1A
Parameter name: 1A event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms )
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HYSTFOR1A Parameter name: 1A event hysteresis

Value range: 0~7.5dB; step: 0.5 Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1A. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case, the event cannot be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 0 ( 0dB ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1A Parameter name: 1A event trigger delay time

Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1A. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the event to the measured signal changes. The recommended value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
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N-36
The Trigger Algorithm of 1B Event

Event 1B is triggered on the basis of the following formula
NA 10 LogM Old + CIOOld W 10 Log M i + (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R1b + H 1b / 2), i =1
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Mold is the measurement value of the cell that becomes worse CIOold is cell individual offset of the cell in the reporting range . It is set for the neighboring cell W is the weight value Mi is the measurement value of the cell in the active set NA is the number of cells in the current active set Mbest is the measurement value of the best cell in the active set R1b is the reporting range or relative threshold of soft handover. The threshold parameters of CS and PS service are CS service 1B event relative threshold , PS service 1B event relative threshold respectively H1b is 1B hysteresis , the hysteresis value of event 1B
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N-37
Example of 1B Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set C: The 1B curve
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N-38
Key parameters of 1B Event

INTRARELTHDFOR1BCS
Parameter name: CS service 1B event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 12 ( 6dB )
INTRARELTHDFOR1BPS
Parameter name: PS service 1B event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 12 ( 6dB )
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INTRARELTHDFOR1BCS Parameter name: CS service 1B event relative threshold

Value range: 0~14.5; step: 0.5 Content: The CS service relative threshold of the event 1B. It is easier to
trigger event 1B if the value decreases. It is harder to trigger event 1B if the value increases.
INTRAFREQHO.
INTRARELTHDFOR1BCS Parameter name: PS service 1B event relative threshold

Value range: 0~14.5; step: 0.5 Content: The PS service relative threshold of the event 1B. It is easier to
trigger event 1B if the value increases. It is harder to trigger event 1B if the value decreases.
INTRAFREQHO.
Course Name
N-39

HYSTFOR1B
Parameter name: 1B event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 0( 0dB )
TRIGTIME1B
Parameter name: 1B event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
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HYSTFOR1B Parameter name: 1B event hysteresis

Value range: 0~7.5dB; step: 0.5 Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1B. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case, the event cannot be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 0 ( 0dB ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1B Parameter name: 1B event trigger delay time

Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1B. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the event to the measured signal changes. The recommended value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
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N-40
The Trigger Algorithm of 1C Event

Event 1C is triggered on the basis of the following formula
10 LogM New + CIONew 10 LogM InAS + CIOInAS + H1c / 2,
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Mnew is the measurement value of the cell in the reporting range CIOnew is cell individual offset of the cell in the reporting range . It is set for the neighboring cell M inAS is the measurement value of the worst cell in the active set CIOInAS is cell individual offset of the worst cell in the active set H1c is 1C hysteresis , the hysteresis value of event 1C
Course Name
N-41
Example of 1C Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the active set C: signal curve of the worst cell in the active set D: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set E: The 1C curve Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page41
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N-42
Key parameters of 1C Event

HYSTFOR1C
Parameter name: 1C event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 8( 4dB )
TRIGTIME1C
Parameter name: 1C event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
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HYSTFOR1C Parameter name: 1C event hysteresis

Value range: 0~7.5dB; step: 0.5 Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1C. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case, the event cannot be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 8 ( 4dB ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1C Parameter name: 1C event trigger delay time

Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1C. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the event to the measured signal changes. The recommended value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
Course Name
N-43
The Trigger Algorithm of 1D Event

Event 1D is triggered on the basis of the following formula
10 LogM New 10 LogM InAS + H1c / 2,
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MNotbest is the measurement value of a cell that is not best cell M inAS is the measurement value of the worst cell in the active set H1d is 1D hysteresis , the hysteresis value of event 1D
Course Name
N-44
Example of 1D Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the active set or monitoring set C: Th1D curve
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N-45
Key parameters of 1D Event

HYSTFOR1D
Parameter name: 1D event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 8( 4dB )
TRIGTIME1D
Parameter name: 1D event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
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HYSTFOR1D Parameter name: 1D event hysteresis

Value range: 0~7.5dB; step: 0.5 Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1D. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case, the event cannot be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 8 ( 4dB ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1D Parameter name: 1D event trigger delay time

Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1D. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the event to the measured signal changes. The recommended value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms ) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST
INTRAFREQHO.
Course Name
N-46
Other key parameters for SHO

Weight
Parameter name: Weighted factor The default value of this parameter is 0
SHOQualmin
Parameter name: Min quality THD for SHO The default value of this parameter is -24(-24 dB)
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Parameter name: Cell offset The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0dB )
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Weight Parameter name: Weighted factor

Value range: 0~2 Content: This parameter is used to define the soft handover relative threshold based on the measured value of each cell in the active set. The greater this parameter is set, the higher the soft handover relative threshold. When this parameter is set as 0, the soft handover relative threshold is only for the best cell in the active set. The recommended value of this parameter is 0. Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST INTRAFREQHO.
SHOQualmin Parameter name: Min quality THD for SHO

Value range: -24~0; Content: minimum quality threshold for soft handover . The recommended value of this parameter is -24 (-24dB) Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST INTRAFREQHO.
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET Parameter name: Cell offset

Value range: -10~10 dB; Content: Offset of cell CPICH measurement value. The offset is added to the measurement quantity before the UE evaluates if an event has occurred. In handover algorithms, this parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The recommended value of this parameter is 0 (0dB) Set this parameter through ADD INTRAFREQNCELL, query it through LST
INTRAFREQNCELL.
Course Name
N-47
Contents
Page47
Course Name
N-48
Brief Introduction of Intra-Frequency Handover

Characters of Intra-Frequency Handover
During handover, UE has only one RL with one cell Switch off the RL with the original cell, then setup the RL with target cell The frequency of source cell and target cell are same
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In some cases ,UE want to take soft handover according to the intra-frequency measurement, but RNC dont allow the UE to take this soft handover cause there is no IUR interface between 2 RNCs or the service rate is higher than a threshold, then the UE has to ask for hard handover based on the measurement. During the intra-frequency hard handover, the RNC will ask the UE to switch off the RL with the original cell and setup the RL with the target cell, so there is a gap during this procedure.
Intra-Frequency Handover is always triggered by 1D event.
Course Name
N-49
Brief Introduction of Intra-Frequency Handover

Advantages
Enhance the usage efficiency of the OVSF code and hardware
Disadvantages
High call drop possibility because of the intra-frequency interference
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Cause there is only 1 RL for the UE, OVSF code resources ,CE resources DL tx power resources and IUB resources can be saved During the hard handover, the frequency of the original cell and target cell are the same, so when the UE want to setup the RL with the target cell, the original cell will cause DL interference to the UE.
Course Name
N-50
Key parameters of Intra-frequency Hard handover

BEBITRATETHD
Parameter name: BE service handover rate threshold The default value of this parameter is 384k
The Parameters about 1D Event

Time to trigger Hysteresis
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BEBITRATETHD
Parameter name: BE service handover rate threshold
Value range: 8k,
16k, 32k, 64k, 128k, 144k, 256k, 384k
Content: The bit rate threshold used to determine whether to perform soft handover for the Best Effort (BE) service on DCH. When the maximum bit rate of the BE service is lower than or equal to this threshold, the system will perform soft handover for this user to guarantee the service quality. If the maximum bit rate of the BE service is higher than the threshold, the system will perform intrafrequency hard handover for this user to avoid the too great effect of soft handover on the system capacity. . The recommended value of this parameter is 384k. Set this parameter through SET
HOCOMM, query it through SET HOCOMM.
Course Name
N-51
Contents
Page51
Course Name
N-52
Brief Introduction of Inter-Frequency Handover

Characters of Soft Handover
The frequency of original cell and source cell are different There is only one RL for the UE The compressed mode is needed
Page52
If the frequency of the original cell and target cell are different, the soft handover is impossible. In a WCDMA FDD system, the UE in CELL_DCH state sends and receives signals continuously in uplink and downlink channels. If the UE in this case needs to measure the pilot signal strength of an inter-frequency WCDMA or GSM cell, and it has only mono-frequency receiver, the UE must use the compressed mode technique.
Course Name
N-53
Compressed Mode
Purpose
Measure the inter-frequency cell or Inter-RAT cell under FDD mode
Categories
Downlink compressed mode Uplink compressed mode
Realization Methods
SF/2 Higher layer scheduling
Page53
In order to realize inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurement , WCDMA system introduces compressed mode . In DL, during compressed mode ,UE receiver can test signal from other frequency. In order to avoid the effect cause by UE transmitter, compress mode is also used in UL. The compressed mode includes two types, spreading factor reduction (SF/2) and high layer approaches. The usage of type of compressed mode is decided by the RNC automatically, according to spreading factor used in uplink or downlink.
Course Name
N-54
Measurement of Inter-frequency Handover

CPICH RSCP CPICH Ec/No
Reporting mode
Periodic reporting Event trigger reporting Event trigger reporting to Periodic reporting
Event type
2B,2C,2D,2F
Page54
Inter-frequency handover is also based on measurement. Similar with soft handover, measurement quantity include CPICH RSCP or Ec/No UE can report the measurement result when event triggered ,then RNC performs handover decision. Or the UE periodically reports the inter-frequency measurement report, and the RNC decides the handover after evaluation.
Course Name
N-55
Inter-frequency Handover Measurement Events

Event 2D Description When the current signal quality is lower than the preset threshold , the UTRAN enables the compressed mode and starts inter-frequency measurement 2F When the current signal quality is higher than the preset threshold, the UTRAN disables the compressed mode and stops inter-frequency measurement 2B When the current signal frequency is lower than the preset threshold and the signal quality of an inter-frequency neighbouring cell is higher than the preset threshold , the UTRAN trigger an inter-frequency handover based on coverage 2C The estimated quality of a inter-frequency neighbor cell is higher than the preset threshold
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page55
During the movement, UE can detect the severing cell signal is getting worse, then the UE will report a 2D event to trigger compress mode, and then the UE can measure the signals of inter-frequency neighbors. During the measurement period, if the serving cell signal recovers, UE will report a 2F event to stop compress mode, that is to stop the inter-frequency measurement. During the compress mode ,UE can measure the inter-frequency cell signal, and 2B and 2C event may be triggered.
Course Name
N-56

Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QUsed TUsed 2d H2d / 2
Page56
QUsed is the measured quality of the cell that uses the current frequency. TUsed2d is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses the current frequency. Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as Inter-freq CS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq CS measure start RSCP THD, Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD respectively. H2d is the event 2D hysteresis value 2D hysteresis. After the conditions of Event 2D are fulfilled and maintained until the 2D event trigger delay time is reached, the UE reports the Event 2D measurement report message.
Course Name
N-57
Key parameters of of 2D Event

InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -14 dB
InterFreqPSThd2DEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -14 dB
Page57
InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~0dB; Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -14dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV, query it through LST
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2DEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~0dB;
PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter.
The recommended value of this parameter is -14dB Set this parameter through SET
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-58
Key parameters of of 2D Event

InterFreqCSThd2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -95 dBm
InterFreqPSThd2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -95 dBm
Page58
InterFreqCSThd2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start RSCP THD
Value range: -115~-25dBm; Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -95dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD
Value range: -115~-25dBm;
PS domain services, whenRSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter.
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-59
Key parameters of 2D Event

HYSTFOR2D
Parameter name: 2D event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
TRIGTIME2D
Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms )
Page59
HYSTFOR2D Parameter name: 2D event hysteresis

Value range: 0
to 14.5 dB, step: 0.5
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 2D might not be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 4 ( 2dB ) Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2D Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time

Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560,
5000 ms
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2D to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms ) Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-60
The Trigger Algorithm of 2F Event

Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QUsed TUsed 2 f + H 2 f / 2
Page60
QUsed is the measured quality of the cell that uses the current frequency. frequency. TUsed2F is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses the current current frequency. Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as Inter-freq CS Ec/No Intermeasure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq Ec/No InterEc/No InterCS measure start RSCP THD, Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD Interrespectively. H2F is the event 2F hysteresis value 2F hysteresis. hysteresis. After the conditions of Event 2F are fulfilled and maintained until the 2F event until trigger delay time is reached, the UE reports the Event 2F measurement report measurement message.
Course Name
N-61
Key parameters of 2F Event

InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
InterFreqPSThd2FEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
Page61
InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~-0dB; Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter. . The recommended value of this parameter is -12dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2FEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~0dB;
PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter.
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-62

InterFreqCSThd2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
InterFreqPSThd2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
Page62
InterFreqCSThd2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop RSCP THD
Value range: -115~-25dBm; Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter. . The recommended value of this parameter is -92dBm Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2FRSCP
Value range: -115~-25dB;
PS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter.
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-63

HYSTFOR2F
Parameter name: 2F event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
TRIGTIME2F
Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D1280 ( 1280ms )
Page63
HYSTFOR2F Parameter name: 2F event hysteresis

Value range: 0
to 14.5 dB, step: 0.5
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 2F might not be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 4 ( 2dB ) Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2F Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time

Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560,
5000 ms
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2F to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D1280 ( 1280ms ) Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-64
The Trigger Algorithm of 2B Event

Event 2B is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QNonused TNonused2b + H2b / 2
, and
QUsed TUsed 2b H2b / 2
Page64
QNoused is the measured quality of the cell that uses other frequency. TNoused2b is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses other frequency. Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD, Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD, Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger RSCP THD, And Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger RSCP THD respectively. QUsed is the measured quality of the cell that uses the current frequency. TUsed2d is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses the current frequency. Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity (CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as Inter-freq CS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq CS measure start RSCP THD, Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD respectively. H2b is the event 2B hysteresis value 2B hysteresis.
Course Name
N-65

InterFreqCovHOCSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
InterFreqCovHOPSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
Page65
InterFreqCovHOCSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~0dB; Content: For CS domain services, - If the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 2B. The quality of the target frequency being higher than this threshold is necessary to the triggering of the event 2B. - If the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is PERIODICAL_REPORTING, this parameter is used to evaluate inter-frequency handovers at the RNC. The recommended value of this parameter is -12dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqCovHOPSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~0dB; Content: - If the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 2B. The quality of the target frequency being higher than this threshold is necessary to the triggering of the event 2B. - If the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is PERIODICAL_REPORTING, this parameter is used to evaluate inter-frequency handovers at the RNC. The recommended value of this parameter is -12dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-66

InterFreqCovHOCSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
InterFreqCovHOPSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
Page66
InterFreqCovHOCSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger RSCP THD
Value range: -115~-25dBm; Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -95dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Value range: -115~-25dBm;
PS domain services, whenRSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter.
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-67

IFHOUsedFreqCSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12dB
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
Page67
IFHOUsedFreqCSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~0
dB
Content: For CS domain services, if the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 2B. The quality of the used frequency being lower than this threshold is necessary to the triggering of the event 2B . The recommended value of this parameter is -12 dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
Value range: -24~0 dB Content: For PS domain services, if the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 2B. The quality of the used frequency being lower than this threshold is necessary to the triggering of the event 2B . The recommended value of this parameter is -12 dB Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-68

IFHOUsedFreqCSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92dBm
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
Page68
IFHOUsedFreqCSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
Value range: -115~-25
dBm
Content: For CS domain services, if the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 2B. The quality of the used frequency being lower than this threshold is necessary to the triggering of the event 2B . The recommended value of this parameter is -92 dBm Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
Value range: -115~-25 dBm Content: For PS domain services, if the value of [Inter-frequency measure report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 2B. The quality of the used frequency being lower than this threshold is necessary to the triggering of the event 2B . The recommended value of this parameter is -92 dBm Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-69

HYSTFOR2B
Parameter name: 2B event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
TRIGTIME2B
Parameter name: 2B event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D0 ( 0ms )
Page69
HYSTFOR2B Parameter name: 2B event hysteresis

Value range: 0
to 14.5 dB, step: 0.5
The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 2B might not be triggered in time.
The recommended value of this parameter is 4 ( 2dB ) Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2B Parameter name: 2B event trigger delay time

Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560,
5000 ms
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2B to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D0 (0ms ) Set this parameter through SET
INTERFREQHOCOV.
Course Name
N-70

Event 2C is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QNon used TNon used 2c + H 2c / 2
Page70
QNoused is the measured quality of the cell that uses other frequency. TNoused is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses other frequency. Inter-freq measure target frequency trigger Ec/No THD. H2c is the event 2C hysteresis value 2C hysteresis.
Course Name
N-71
Key parameters of 2C Event

InterFreqNCovHOThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -16 dB
Hystfor2C
Parameter name: 2C hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 6 (3dB)
TrigTime2C
Parameter name: 2C event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 (640ms)
Page71
InterFreqNCovHOThdEcN0 Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD Value range: -24~0dB; Content: This parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 2C. The event 2C is triggered when the signal quality of the target frequency is above this threshold . The recommended value of this parameter is -16dB Set this parameter through SET INTERFREQHONCOV, query it through LST INTERFREQHONCOV. Hystfor2C Parameter name: 2C hysteresis Value range: 0 to 14.5dB, step: 0.5 ; Content: The event 2C is applied to non-coverage-based inter-frequency hard handover scenarios where inter-frequency measurement needs to be started. The event 2C is reported when the estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold. For details about the event 2C, refer to the 3GPP TS 25.331. The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 2C might not be triggered in time . The recommended value of this parameter is 6 (3dB) Set this parameter through SET INTERFREQHONCOV, query it through LST INTERFREQHONCOV. TrigTime2C Parameter name: 2C event trigger delay time Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000 ms; Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2C to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D640 (640ms) Set this parameter through SET INTERFREQHONCOV, query it through LST INTERFREQHONCOV.
Course Name
N-72
Contents
Page72
Course Name
N-73
Brief Introduction of Inter-RAT Handover

Characters of Inter-RAT Handover
Based on handover directions, inter-RAT handover is of two types:
UMTS->GSM handover
UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover UMTS->GSM load-based handover UMTS->GSM service-based handover
GSM->UMTS handover
Page73
Inter-RAT handover refers to the handover between different systems, such as UMTS and GSM, which use different radio access technologies (RAT). Based on handover directions, inter-RAT handover is of two types: UMTS->GSM handover (mainly described in this lecture) GSM->UMTS handover Based on triggering causes, UMTS->GSM handover includes: UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover The coverage of UMTS is discontinuous at the very beginning. On the border, if the signal quality of UMTS rather than GSM is poor and if all services of the UE are supported by GSM, UMTS->GSM coveragebased handover is triggered. UMTS->GSM load-based handover If the load of UMTS rather than GSM is heavy and all services of the UE are supported by GSM, UMTS->GSM load-based handover is triggered. UMTS->GSM service-based handover Based on layered services, traffic of different classes is handed over to different systems. For example, when an Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech service is requested, this call could be handed over to GSM.
Course Name
N-74
Brief Introduction of Inter-RAT Handover

Advantages
For coverage, it can solve the problems from one system to another system For capacity, it can enhance the utilizing efficiency of old equipments(2G->3G)
Disadvantages
The flow is complicated, and it demands higher compatibility for equipments Demands more complicated UE
Page74
UMTS->GSM Handover Triggering Conditions UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover The CPICH Ec/N0 or CPICH RSCP of the UMTS cell to which the UE connects is lower than the corresponding threshold. In addition, there is a GSM cell whose GSM carrier RSSI is higher than the preset threshold. UMTS->GSM load-based handover The load of the UMTS cell to which the UE connects is higher than the threshold. UMTS->GSM service-based handover When a service is established, the Core Network (CN) requests a handover of the service to GSM.
Course Name
N-75
Measurement of Inter-RAT Handover

CPICH_Ec/N0 CPICH_RSCP BOTH
Reporting mode
PERIODICAL_REPORTING EVENT_TRIGGER
Event type
2D, 2F 3A, 3C
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page75
Measurement quantity CPICH_Ec/N0 is valid when the Inter-RAT measurement chooses InterPERIODICAL_REPORTING Mode or EVENT_TRIGGER Mode. CPICH_RSCP is valid when the Inter-RAT measurement chooses InterPERIODICAL_REPORTING Mode or EVENT_TRIGGER Mode. BOTH is valid when the Inter-RAT measurement chooses InterPERIODICAL_REPORTING Mode.
Course Name
N-76
Inter-RAT Handover Measurement Events

Event 2D Description When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is lower than the preset threshold, the RNC enables the compressed mode and starts inter-RAT measurement. 2F When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is higher than the preset threshold, the RNC disables the compressed mode and stops inter-RAT measurement. 3A When the signal quality of the currently used UMTS frequency is lower than the preset threshold while the signal quality of any other system is higher than the preset threshold, the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on coverage. 3C When the signal quality of any other system is higher than the preset threshold, the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on load or service.
Page76
2D Event: initiate GSM measurement 2F Event: stop GSM measurement 3A Event: based on coverage 3C Event: based on non-coverage
Course Name
N-77

Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
Q Used TUsed2d - H 2d / 2
Page77
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency. TUsed2d is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency. Based on CS or PS services, CPICH Ec/No, or RSCP measurement quantity, it can be Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD, or Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD. H2d is 2D hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 2D. When the conditions for event 2D are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified in 2D event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of Event 2D.
Course Name
N-78
Key Parameters of 2D Event

INTERRATCSTHD2DECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -14 ( -14 dB )
INTERRATPSTHD2DECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -15 ( -15 dB )
Page78
INTERRATCSTHD2DECNO Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD [dB] Value range: -24~0 Physical unit: dB Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -14 ( -14 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. INTERRATPSTHD2DECNO Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD [dB] Value range: -24~0 Physical unit: dB Content: For PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -15 ( -15 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-79

INTERRATCSTHD2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -100 ( -100 dBm )
INTERRATPSTHD2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -110 (-110 dBm )
Page79
INTERRATCSTHD2DRSCP Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD [dB] Value range: -115~-25 Physical unit: dBm Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -100 ( -100 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. INTERRATPSTHD2DRSCP Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD [dB] Value range: -115~-25 Physical unit: dBm Content: For PS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -110 ( -110 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-80

HYSTFOR2D
Parameter name: 2D hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
TRIGTIME2D
Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D320 (320 ms )
Page80
HYSTFOR2D Parameter name: 2D hysteresis[0.5dB] Value range: 0~29 Physical value range: 0~14.5, step: 0.5 Physical unit: dB Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 2D might not be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. TRIGTIME2D Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time[ms] Value range: D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000 Physical value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000 Physical unit: ms Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2D to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-81

Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
Q Used TUsed2f + H 2f / 2
Page81
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency. TUsed2f is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency. Based on CS or PS services, CPICH Ec/No, or RSCP measurement quantity, it can be Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD, or Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD. H2f is 2F hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 2F. When the conditions for event 2F are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified in 2F event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of Event 2F.
Course Name
N-82
Key Parameters of 2F Event

INTERRATCSTHD2FECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB )
INTERRATPSTHD2FECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB )
Page82
INTERRATCSTHD2FECNO Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop Ec/No THD [dB] Value range: -24~0 Physical unit: dB Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. INTERRATPSTHD2FECNO Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop Ec/No THD [dB] Value range: -24~0 Physical unit: dB Content: For PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter.
The recommended value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-83

INTERRATCSTHD2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm )
INTERRATPSTHD2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -107 (-107 dBm )
Page83
INTERRATCSTHD2FRSCP Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop RSCP THD [dBm] Value range: -115~-25 Physical unit: dBm Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter.
The recommended value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. INTERRATPSTHD2FRSCP Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop RSCP THD [dBm] Value range: -115~-25 Physical unit: dBm Content: For PS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter. The recommended value of this parameter is -107 ( -107 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-84

HYSTFOR2F
Parameter name: 2F hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
TRIGTIME2F
Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D1280 (1280 ms )
Page84
HYSTFOR2F Parameter name: 2F hysteresis[0.5dB] Value range: 0~29 Physical value range: 0~14.5, step: 0.5 Physical unit: dB Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 2F might not be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. TRIGTIME2F Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time[ms] Value range: D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000 Physical value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000 Physical unit: ms Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2F to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D1280 ( 1280ms ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-85
The Trigger Algorithm of 3A Event

Event 3A is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
Q Used TUsed3a + H 3a / 2
M OtherRat + CIOOtherRat TOtherRat + H 3a / 2
Page85
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency. TUsed is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency. Based on CS or PS services, CPICH Ec/No, or RSCP measurement quantity, it can be Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD, or Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD. MOtherRat is the measurement value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range. CIOOtherRat is cell individual offset, the offset value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range. TOtherRat is the absolute inter-RAT handover threshold. Based on CS or PS services, it can be Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD or Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD. H3a is 3A hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 3A. When the conditions for event 3A are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified in 3A event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of event 3A.
Course Name
N-86
Key Parameters of 3A Event

IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB )
IRHOUSEDFREQPSTHDECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB )
Page86
IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD [dB] Value range: -24~0 Physical unit: dB Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for inter-RAT measurement and the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below this threshold and the [Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD] is reached. The recommended value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
IRHOUSEDFREQPSTHDECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD [dB] Value range: -24~0 Physical unit: dB Content: For PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement and the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below this threshold and the [Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD] is reached.
The recommended value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-87

IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm )
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -107 (-107 dBm )
Page87
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD [dBm] Value range: -115~-25 Physical unit: dBm Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement and the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below this threshold and the [Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD] is reached.
The recommended value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD [dBm] Value range: -115~-25 Physical unit: dBm Content: For PS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for inter-RAT measurement and the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below this threshold and the [Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD] is reached. The recommended value of this parameter is -107 ( -107 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-88

INTERRATCOVHOCSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm )
INTERRATCOVHOPSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm )
Page88
INTERRATCOVHOCSTHD Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD [dBm] Value range: 0~63 Physical value range: -110~-48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48.) Physical unit: dBm Content: For CS domain services, - If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the cell with the target frequency is higher than this threshold and the threshold of the used frequency quality of the corresponding measurement quantity is reached. - If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is PERIODICAL_REPORTING, this parameter is used to evaluate coverage-based inter-RAT handovers at the RNC. Note that the value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm. The recommended value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. INTERRATCOVHOPSTHD Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD [dBm] Value range: 0~63 Physical value range: -110~-48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48.) Physical unit: dBm Content: For PS domain services, - If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the cell with the target frequency is higher than this threshold and the threshold of the used frequency quality of the corresponding measurement quantity is reached. - If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is PERIODICAL_REPORTING, this parameter is used to evaluate coverage-based inter-RAT handovers at the RNC. Note that the value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm. The recommended value of this parameter is 16 (-95 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-89

HYSTFOR3A
Parameter name: 3A hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
TRIGTIME3A
Parameter name: 3A event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D0 ( 0 ms )
Page89
HYSTFOR3A Parameter name: 3A hysteresis[0.5dB] Value range: 0~15 Physical value range: 0~7.5, step: 0.5 Physical unit: dB Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 3A might not be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV. TRIGTIME3A Parameter name: 3A event trigger delay time[ms] Value range: D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000 Physical value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000 Physical unit: ms Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 3A to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D0 ( 0ms ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
Course Name
N-90

CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Parameter name: Cell individual offset The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB )
Page90
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET Parameter name: Cell individual offset [dB] Value range: -50~50 Physical unit: dB Content: This parameter is used in inter-RAT handover decision. The larger the parameter, the higher the handover priority of the GSM cell. The smaller the parameter, the lower the handover priority of the GSM cell. The recommended value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB ). Set this parameter through ADD GSMNCELL, query it through LST GSMNCELL.
Course Name
N-91

Event 3C is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
M OtherRat + CIOOtherRat TOtherRat + H 3c / 2
Page91
MOtherRat is the measurement value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range. CIOOtherRat is cell individual offset, the offset value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range. TOtherRat is the absolute inter-RAT handover threshold. Based on CS or PS services, it can be Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD or Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD. H3c is 3C hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 3C. When the conditions for event 3C are met and the delay requirement specified by the 3C event trigger delay time parameter can be satisfied, the UE sends the measurement report of event 3C.
Course Name
N-92
Key Parameters of 3C Event

INTERRATNCOVHOCSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 21 ( -90 dBm )
INTERRATNCOVHOPSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 21 ( 21 dB )
Page92
INTERRATNCOVHOCSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD [dBm] Value range: 0 to 63
Physical value range: -110 to -48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48)
Physical unit: dB Content: This parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 3C. The event 3C is triggered when the quality of the target frequency is higher than this threshold. Note that the value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm. The recommended value of this parameter is 21 ( -90 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
INTERRATNCOVHOPSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD [dBm] Value range: 0 to 63
Physical value range: -110 to -48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48)
Physical unit: dB Content: The event 3C is triggered when the quality of the target frequency is higher than this threshold. Note that the value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm. The recommended value of this parameter is 21 ( -90 dBm ). Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
Course Name
N-93

HYSTFOR3C
Parameter name: 3C hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB )
TRIGTIME3C
Parameter name: 3C event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 650 ms )
Page93
HYSTFOR3C Parameter name: 3C hysteresis[0.5dB] Value range: 0~15 Physical value range: 0~7.5, step: 0.5 Physical unit: dB Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 3C might not be triggered in time. The recommended value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB ).
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
TRIGTIME3C Parameter name: 3C event trigger delay time[ms] Value range: D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000 Physical value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000 Physical unit: ms Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 3C to measurement signal change. The recommended value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms ).
Course Name
N-94

PENALTYTIMEFORINTERRATHO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover failure penalty timer length The default value of this parameter is 30 ( 30 s )
INTERRATHOATTEMPTS
Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover max attempt times The default value of this parameter is 16
Page94
PENALTYTIMEFORINTERRATHO Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover failure penalty timer length [s] Value range: 0 to 65535 Physical unit: s Content: An inter-RAT handover to a GSM cell may fail due to the heavy load of the GSM cell. Therefore, in the period of time specified by this parameter, inter-RAT handover requests are not sent to the GSM cell. The recommended value of this parameter is 30 ( 30 s ).
INTERRATHOATTEMPTS Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover max attempt times Value range: 1 to 16 Physical unit: times Content: This parameter specifies the maximum number of attempts for the RNC to perform inter-RAT handovers after a non-coverage-based inter-RAT handover failure. For later handover attempts, target cells must be selected. Ensure that the target cells have not been tried but satisfy the handover conditions. No matter the inter-RAT handover failure penalty timer expires or not. The recommended value of this parameter is 16.
Course Name
N-95

INTERRATMEASTIME
Parameter name: Inter-RAT measure timer length [s] The default value of this parameter is 60 ( 60 s )
Page95
INTERRATMEASTIME Parameter name: Inter-RAT measure timer length [s] Value range: 0 to 512 Physical unit: s Content: After inter-RAT measurement starts, if no inter-RAT handover is performed when this timer expires, the inter-RAT measurement is stopped. In addition, the compressed mode is deactivated, if any. The value 0 indicates the timer is not to be enabled. The recommended value of this parameter is 60 ( 60 S ).
Course Name
N-96
Contents
Page96
Course Name
N-97
Blind Handover Measurement

Blind handover means UE can directly handover to the neighboring cell without measuring it.
Page97
If the serving frequency signal is getting worse quickly, but UE can not trigger a interfrequency measurement and hard handover in time, blind handover might be used to save the call. In Huawei implementation, blind handover can be triggered by intra-frequency measurement event 1F.
Course Name
N-98
10 LogMOld T1 f H1 f / 2
Where:
MOld is the measurement value of the cell signal that becomes worse T1f is the absolute threshold of event 1F. H1f is the hysteresis value of event 1F.
Page98
For different intra-frequency measurement quantity, the threshold T1f are set to 1F Event Absolute EcNo Threshold, 1F Event Absolute RSCP Threshold respectively.
Course Name
N-99

Measurement Quantity
Cell 1
1F Trigger Delay Time Absolute Threshold T1f Hysteresis H1f /2
Time
Reporting event 1F
Page99
If the signal quality of a cell in the active set is worse than T1f - H1f /2 , and last for a certain time 1F Event Trigger Delay Time, then UE reports event 1F.
Course Name
N-100
Key Parameters of Event 1F

INTRAABLTHDFOR1FECNO
Parameter name: 1F event absolute EcNo threshold The recommended value is -24 dB
INTRAABLTHDFOR1FRSCP
Parameter name: 1F event absolute RSCP threshold The recommended value is -115 dBm
Page100
INTRAABLTHDFOR1FECNO Parameter name: 1F event absolute EcNo threshold Value range: -24 to 0 Physical value range: -24 to 0 dB. Step: 1 Content: The absolute EcNo threshold of the event 1F.It is easier to trigger event 1F if the value increases. It is harder to trigger event 1F if the value decreases. Recommended value: -24
INTRAABLTHDFOR1FRSCP Parameter name: 1F event absolute RSCP threshold Value range: -115 to 25 Physical value range: -115 to 25 dB. Step: 1 Content: The absolute RSCP threshold of the event 1F.It is easier to trigger event 1F if the value increases. It is harder to trigger event 1F if the value decreases. The recommended value is -115 dBm
For RNC level, set these two parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query them through LST INTRAFREQHO, and modify them through SET INTRAFREQHO For cell level, set these two parameter through ADD CELLINTRAFREQHO, query them through LST CELLINTRAFREQHO, and modify them through MOD CELLINTRAFREQHO.
Course Name
N-101
Key Parameters of Event 1F

HYSTFOR1F
Parameter name: 1F hysteresis The recommended value is 8, namely 4 dB
TRIGTIME1F
Parameter name: 1F event trigger delay time The recommended value is D640, namely 640 ms
Page101
HYSTFOR1F Parameter name: 1F hysteresis Value range: 0 to 15 Physical value range: 0 to 7.5 dB. Step: 0.5 Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1F. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case, the event cannot be triggered in time. Recommended value: 8 TRIGTIME1F Parameter name: 1F event trigger delay time Value range: D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000 Physical value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000 ms Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1F. This parameter value is related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the event to the measured signal changes. Recommended value: D640 For RNC level, set these two parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query them through LST INTRAFREQHO, and modify them through SET INTRAFREQHO For cell level, set these two parameter through ADD CELLINTRAFREQHO, query them through LST CELLINTRAFREQHO, and modify them through MOD CELLINTRAFREQHO.
Course Name
N-102
Blind Handover Decision

After receiving event 1F of best cell from UE, the RNC would check if blind handover neighbor is configured for the cell. If multiple blind handover neighbors are configured, the RNC would perform blind handover to the target cell with the highest priority
Page102
When we configure the inter-frequency neighbor cell or GSM neighbor cell, two parameters of blind handover is included: Blind Handover Flag and Blind Handover Priority.
Course Name
N-103
Key Parameters of Blind Handover

BLINDHOFLAG
Parameter name: Blind handover flag The default value is FALSE
BLINDHOPRIO
Parameter name: Blind handover Priority The value is set according to actual situation.
Page103
BLINDHOFLAG Parameter name: Blind handover flag Value range: FALSE, TRUE Content: This parameter indicates whether the neighboring cell is the target cell for blind handovers. If the value is TRUE, blind handovers can be performed to the neighboring cell. Default value: FALSE
BLINDHOPRIO Parameter name: Blind handover Priority Value range: 0 to 30 Content: The value 0 indicates the highest priority, and 30 the lowest. A neighboring cell of a cell must have a unique priority. It is suggested 0 to 15 assigned to the neighboring cells superposed to the cell specified by [CELLID]. The success rate of handovers to these cells can be guaranteed. Neighboring cells with priorities from 16 to 30 can be performed with blind handovers, but the handovers may fail. Recommended value (default value): none
Set these two parameter through ADD INTERFREQNCELL or ADD GSMNCELL, query them through LST INTERFREQNCELL or LST GSMNCELL, and modify them through MOD INTERFREQNCELL or MOD GSMNCELL.
Course Name
N-104
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05 Huawei WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters

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05 Huawei WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters

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WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The Purpose of Handover

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The Basic Concepts of Handover

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The Categories of Handover

According to the properties of source cell and target cell:

According to the purpose of handover:

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The Characters of Different Handover

Only happened between Intrafrequency cells

Can be happened in Intrafrequency cells or Inter-frequency cells

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The Characters of Different Handover

Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination

Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination

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Three Steps of Handover

No Are handover criteria satisfied? Decision phase

Perform a handover and update relative parameters

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Measurement Control, normal case

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Measurement Control, normal case

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Evaluation of reporting criteria

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Measurement Quantity Configuration

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