API 570 CERT

ASME B31.3 PROCESS PIPING

FAMILIARISATION WITH SYMBOLS (mainly related to material thickness and stress)

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Slide 1

API 570 CERT

REMEMBER THE BITS OF ASME B31.3 THAT WE ARE CONCERNED WITH

Ch 1 :Scope

Ch 11 :Design
Ch111 :Materials

The main content you need to know is drawn from these chapters

Ch 1V :Standards
Ch V :Fabrication,assembly,erection Ch VI :Inspection and testing Ch VII :Non-metallic piping Ch VIII :Piping for Cat M service Ch IX :High pressure piping

The chapters use various

SYMBOLS

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Slide 2

API 570 CERT

B31.3 SYMBOLS
As you work through the following slides, review in your code the sections/paragraphs mentioned,so you can see the symbols concerned

B31.3
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Slide 3

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STRESS SYMBOLS

THE SUBJECT IS:

ITS IN YOUR CODE SECTION (S)NUMBERED

THE SYMBOLS INTRODUCED ARE:

Allowable stresses and other stress limits

302.3.1 to 302.3.2

SY SY

Next slide for definition

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Slide 4

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ROOM TEMPERATURE

ST = Ultimate tensile strength

UTS
Yield
Stress S

(UTS)

at room temperature

SY = Yield

strength at room temperature

Strain (extension)
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Slide 5

API 570 CERT

STRESS SYMBOLS SO NOTE:In API and ASME codes

Stress (and strength) are denoted by S

Stress

=S
Slide 6

Dont get confused with European codes where you may see stress shown as (sigma), yield as Re and UTS as Rm
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WELD FACTORS
ITS IN THE CODE THE SYMBOLS INTRODUCED ARE:

THE SUBJECT IS:

SECTION (S)NUMBERED
READ ABOUT THESE NOW

Weld factors
302.3.3

Ec Ej

302.3.4 Tables A1-A and A1-B

Next slide for definition

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Slide 7

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WELD FACTORS

Ec :Casting quality factor.

Think of this as a weakness factor used for (unwelded)cast materials which do not have good pressure/temperature strength data

Ej :Weld joint quality factor.

Think of this as a weakness factor used for longitudinally-welded components (because welds can be imperfect and difficult to test accurately)

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Slide 8

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B31.3 WELD QUALITY FACTOR Ej It relates to how a longitudinal weld is NDEd

Double vee butt Single-sided butt

READ ABOUT THIS NOW IN 302.3.4 and Table A-1B

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Slide 9

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MATERIAL THICKNESSES
ITS IN THE CODE
SECTION (S)NUMBERED

THE SUBJECT IS:

THE SYMBOLS INTRODUCED ARE

Internal pressure/straight pipe thickness

t tm
304.1.1 and 304.1.2

c T

These ones are self-explanatory:have a look at their definitions in the sections of the code More complicated ; see the next slide
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D
d Y
Slide 10

API 570 CERT

THE MYSTERIOUS COEFFICIENT Y

is a coefficient which is used when calculating the thickness of a pipe required to resist a certain internal pressure.

Note how it is defined at the end of 304.1.1:it is defined in two different ways, depending on the ratio of the pipe wall thickness to its diameter

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Slide 11

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SO WHAT IS Y ?
You can think of as a coefficient that is needed because of the different stresses that are produced in pipes of varying wall thicknesses as the temperature changes.It is related to the thin-vthick walled assumptions that are used to define the stresses in pipes For t<D/6 ,you get Y from table 304.1.1 of the code .It depends on temperature
For t>=D/6 ,you use the equation involving D,d and c , at the end of 304.1.1 Slide 12

Wall thickness t

Outside diameter D

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API 570 CERT

BEFORE PROCEEDING FURTHER

Remember that the object of his exercise is to introduce you to some of the early symbols used in B31.3.Make sure that you read the various code sections until you can remember them
If you have any problems remembering them, write them on post-it notes and stick them on the front of your code

B31.3
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Slide 13