Site Layout

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Access
What is available allowing for Local Authority or Police requirements ie traffic flow, safe entry. The size, weight and maneuverability of plant, if access is limited this will restrict what plant can be used.

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Organisation
Ensure all facilities are conveniently located Consider the placement of materials in relation to construction process to avoid double handling Organised to facilitate the ease of movement around the site.

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Routes around site

Roads may be needed to move materials around the site. It is unwise to economize on site roads (vehicles bogged down). There are three ways of providing roads during construction:
Lay permanent roads before construction process starts. Means completing all services before roads are laid. Also runs the risk of damage to roads by heavy plant or traffic during construction process. Lay a hard-core base along the route of the permanent road. Traffic and water can however, damage the subsoil below the hard-core. This can mean replacing the hard-core and the damaged soil. Lay temporary roads along the most convenient routes to suit construction.
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Methods of Material Handling

Consider roads if lorries, dumpers or folk lift trucks are to be used. If a tower crane is used, unloading, storage and production areas must be under its jib. If a hoist is used access must be easily available to its base for all materials which will use it. Hard access must be available for mobile cranes, ready mix trucks, and for all delivery vehicles.
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Huts and Storage

Accommodation is required for the following purposes Canteen, WC and washroom facilities, Site manager and office staff, clerk of work, etc. Storage facilities will be required these may be lockable huts for valuable and desirable items and those which must be protected from the elements, or storage compounds for materials which can be left outside. Special stores and compounds are required for chemicals, explosives, gasses and fuels. Consideration must be given to the type of material to be stored and there protection requirements. The storage areas should where possible be sited to prevent double handling. ie bricks could be off loaded and stored at different points around the site.
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Storage
Wastage can occur due to poor organisation. Storage facilities will be required these may be lockable huts for valuable and desirable items and those which must be protected from the elements, or storage compounds for materials which can be left outside. Consideration must be given to the type of material to be stored and there protection requirements. The storage areas should where possible be sited to prevent double handling. ie bricks could be off loaded and stored at different points around the site.

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Temporary Services
Water, electricity, drainage and telephones will be required on site during the construction process. Money can be saved if these can be tied in to the permanent requirements.

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Fences and Hoardings

A fence or hoarding should be erected around the site to prevent the public from wandering onto the site or to protect them from building work as this has legal implications.. In city centre sites hoardings would be used. The Local Authority must be informed of the duration which hoardings are to be in place, drawings must be submitted showing construction. Permission must be obtained from the highways dept. and the Police for any temporary pavement crossing. The cost of reinstating the pavement must be paid to the Local Authority.
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 Hoardings approx. 2.2m high should be constructed so that they are easily erected and dismantled. Ramps should be used at changes in level, and a hand rail at all walkways. Road signs, well lit at night, must be placed giving warning of obstruction. Night lights should be used where hoarding restricts footpath. A fan over a footpath, or a roof over a walkway should be erected to protect the public.
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Security
Loss and damage can result through lack of security which leads to theft or pilfering by site operatives. The method of dealing with this problem will depend to a certain extent on the site itself, as a large housing estate is more difficult to secure than a compact city centre site. Fencing or hoarding should wherever possible surround the site. Fences may be timber or chain link wire, they should be firmly fixed to posts secured to the ground. The top of the fence should prevent people climbing over while the bottom of the fence should be sunk into the ground to prevent tunnelling underneath.
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 Gates should prevent anyone being able to climb over or under, they should be secured with a lock which prevents cutting with a bolt-cropper, chains should not be used. Materials should not be stored against perimeter or compound fences. Huts should have anti-burglar bars or security mesh at windows. All valuables, and items like ladders, picks, shovels etc. should be locked away when not in use.
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 Plant and equipment should be locked away in a compound and immobilised when not in use. Compounds and stores should, where possible, be placed where they can be seen easily, positions which give some one a good covered line of approach should be avoided. Floodlighting is a good means of deterring thieves and vandals, as is a guard dog, a burglar alarm system, or a night watchman. Materials should not be stored against perimeter or compound fences.
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