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Question No. 1
The slab of figure below is fixed at one edge and simply supported at the other two edges. The ultimate slab load is W u = 10 kN/m2. Assume the slab is reinforced in both directions x and y. Use yield line method to; i. ii. iii. Given, determine the expected yield line of the slab (sketch the yield line) write an expression for the external and internal energy write the final moment capacity equation
My Mx
= 1.2 ;
Mx = 0.8 M 'x
My 8m Mx
Mx 8m
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Question No. 2 The biaxially-bent column shown in figure below is a part of a braced frame. It has to resist an ultimate axial load of 750 kN and ultimate moment about x and y axes as shown. Design the column for the first iteration (K=1.0). State your K value and Asc from the column design chart. You need also to calculate value of K using clause 3.8.3.1 of BS8110 : Part 1
My= 25 kNm
Mx= 40 kNm
Mx= 30 kNm
My= 15 kNm
X 35 0 Y
30 0 25 0 20 0
30 0
32 5 15 0
27 5
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Solution # 1
8 - 4 tan
tan 2 =
A A 4 tan A 2
4m
4m
4 = 41
tan 1 =
21
My Mx
External energy, Ee = Load x Area x Average distance moved For Area A; External Energy, Ee = {( w ) x ( x 4 x 4 tan ) x ( )}4 For Area B External Energy, Ee = {( w ) x ( 4 x (8 4 tan )) x ( )}2
1 2
Internal Energy; Ei = Moment x Rotation x length of yield line Sagging Yield lines; Vertical line; Ei = My x 21 x ( 8 4 tan ) = 1.2 Mx x 21 x ( 8 4 tan ) Slanting line (resolve horizontally); Ei = 2 ( Mx x 2 x 4) 1 = 2 ( Mx x x 4) tan
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Slanting line (resolve vertically); Ei = 2 ( My x 1 x 4 tan ) = 2 (1.2 Mx x 1 x 4 tan ) Hogging Yield lines; 1 x8 Ei = Mx x tan 1 = 1.25 Mx x x8 tan Equating External and Internal Energy
1 2
Therefore Ee,total = Ei,total 1280 1 - 213.33 1 tan = 19.2Mx 1 + 1280 213.33 tan = Mx (19.2 +
18M x 1 tan
18 ) tan
Mx =
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Solution # 2
Reference: Calculation About X-X axis (Plane Y-Z) Condition 2 300 lox Condition 2
Therefore = 0.85
Remarks
350
325
Condition 1
Condition 1
Therefore = 0.75
Calculate the value of lex and ley lox = 6.5 0.3 = 6.2 m loy = 6.5 0.3 = 6.2 m
Therefore;
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Reference:
Remarks
Therefore the column is slender. 2. Consider moment about X-X axis (Plane Y-Z)
Mi = 0.4 M1 + 0.6 M2 0.4 M2 Therefore; Mi = 0.4 (-30) + 0.6 (40) Mi = 12 kNm # 0.4 M2 = 0.4 (40) = 16 kNm Mix = 16 kNm
Take the greatest value, Mix = 16 kNm 2.1 Calculate additional moment, Madd,
(Assume K = 1)
= (750)(
= 29.76 kNm #
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Reference:
Calculation 2.2 For the first iteration (K=1), the total moment, Mtx is; a) M2 = 40 kNm b) Mix + Madd = 16 + 29.76 = 45.76 kNm c) M1 +
Remarks
Mi = 0.4 M1 + 0.6 M2 0.4 M2 Therefore; Mi = 0.4 (-15) + 0.6 (25) Mi = 9 kNm # 0.4 M2 = 0.4 (25) = 10 kNm Take the greatest value, Miy = 10 kNm Miy = 10 kNm 3.1 Calculate additional moment, Madd,
= (750)(
= 32.43 kNm #
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Reference:
Calculation 3.2 For the first iteration (K=1), the total moment, Mty is; a) M2 = 25 kNm b) Miy + Madd = 10 + 32.43 = 42.43 kNm c) M1 +
Remarks
4. Calculate
to
h' = h Cover - link - bar/2 = 350 30 10 20/2 h' = 300 mm b' = b Cover - link - bar/2 = 250 30 10 20/2 b' = 200 mm
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Reference:
Remarks
By interpolation
= ( 0.77 0.65 )(0.3 0.29) + 0.65 = 0.662 0.3 0.2
Therefore;
M y '= M y + b' Mx h'
= 42.43 + (0.662)(
My = 62.625 kNm #
6. Calculate
N M and ; bh bh 2 N = 8.57 bh
M = 2.86 bh 2
Asc = 1050mm2
k = 0.8
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Reference:
Calculation
Remarks
Check on the value of K at interpolated from the design chart using equation 33 of BS8110
K=
K=
Nbal = 0.25fcubd
K=
The value of K from the design chart and from calculation is almost the same. Shear Reinforcement;
Min. = bar 20 = 5mm = 4 4
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