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Skirt Support Analysis Per EN 13445-3: 2009(E) Issue 1 (2009-07):

NOTE: The access opening(s) is/are in section 4-4 only. The other
calculaltions are for areas where no access openings exist. Please be
aware of this when you review the results.

Item: Skirt

Type B Skirt per EN 13445 Figure 16.12-2:

Design Pressure

13.000

kgf/cm

Mean skirt diameter at the critical height is computed later

This is a Conical type Support Skirt

Wider at the Bottom

Half Apex Angle of the skirt

7.125

Deg

Total vessel (empty) weight

Fg

4685.187

kgf

DeltaFg

254.499

kgf

Ff

1040.097

kgf

Fg + Ff = F4

5725.284

kgf

Head Weight below section 2-2

Weight of vessel contents (liquid)
Vessel Gross Weight

Skirt Mean Diameter

Top

End

DzTop

1311.186

mm

Skirt Mean Diameter

Bottom End

DzBot

1811.186

mm

ez

7.900

mm

2000.000

mm

at section 1-1

F1

5470.785

kgf

Moment at section 1-1

M1

2491.960

kgf-m.

Applied Moment - Bottom of Skirt

Mb

5010.736

kgf-m.

5725.284

kgf

Skirt Analysis Thickness (Corroded)

Skirt Height

Force

Weight Above the Skirt

2
Type of Head:

Elliptical

Head Mean Diameter at Skirt Top

Db

1312.500

mm

Head Corroded Thickness

eb

6.500

mm

Per EN 13445 Section 7.5.4 [R, r]:

hi = 328.000 mm
K

= Di / (2*hi) = 1306.000 / (2*328.000 ) = 1.9909

= Di*(0.44*K+0.02) = 1306.000 *(0.44*1.991 +0.02) = 1170.1442 mm

= Di*((0.5/K)-0.08) = 1306.000 * ((0.5/1.991 - 0.08) = 223.5200 mm

Access No

Diameter
mm

Layout

Cntr. Dist.

Obround

Angle

From Bottom

Cntr-Cntr

Deg

mm

mm

------------------------------------------------------1

450.0000

0.0000

750.0000

0.0000

75.0000

0.0000

1500.0000

0.0000

250.0000

90.0000

1000.0000

0.0000

75.0000

90.0000

600.0000

0.0000

75.0000

180.0000

750.0000

0.0000

75.0000

180.0000

1500.0000

0.0000

Access Opening Frame Dimension

Access No

Width

Thick

mm

mm

------------------------------1

469.0000

9.5000

94.0000

9.5000

269.0000

9.5000

94.0000

9.5000

94.0000

9.5000

3
6

94.0000

9.5000

Interference check:
Access

Access

Pitch

Ligament

mm

mm

--------------------------------------------1

749.4265

486.9265

1277.9438

1115.4440

406.8206

244.3205

1296.1240

1221.1241

753.2908

678.2908

2497.4360

2234.9360

INTERFERENCE CHECK:

No Interference Detected between Openings

Minimum Pitch between openings

is:

406.8206 mm

Minimum Ligament between Openings is:

244.3205 mm

Recommended minimum Ligament:

= 2 * Sqrt( D * t )
= 2 * Sqrt( 1811.186 * 7.900 ) = 239.235 mm
Please evaluate the suitability of this result

Section properties at least metal area [A]:

No Openings Encountered at this Height

The points for integrating Ixx, Iyy is as follows:

FROM THETA1
Deg

TO THETA2
Deg

--------------------------

Height of Weakest Section

1999.915

mm

Dz

1311.208

mm

Rotation of Principle Axes

0.000

Centroid Position in X direction

221.073

mm

Centroid Position in Y direction

0.000

mm

Principle Moment of Inertia

Ixx

704803.625

cm**4

Principle Moment of Inertia

Iyy

704803.625

cm**4

Distance to Extreme Fiber

ybar

717.050

mm

Distance to Extreme Fiber

xbar

938.123

mm

Minimum Section Modulus

W4

10750449.000

Metal Area at the Cutting Plane

A4

327.956

Skirt mean diameter at height H

Half Opening Width Subtended Angle at Weakest Section: [Delta]:

= Asin(Largest(Opening Width) / Dz)
= Asin(450.000 /1311.208 ) = 0.3503 rad (20.0717 deg)

Skirt Mean Radius at Section 4-4 [r]:

= Dz / 2 = 1311.208 / 2 = 655.6038 mm

Opening Ratio At Weakest Section: EN 13445 Equation 16.12-76 [ratio]:

= Delta * Sqrt(r/ez)
= 0.350 * Sqrt(655.604 / 7.900 ) = 3.1913
WARNING: ratio Exceeds 2 -

See EN 13445 16.12.76(a).

This equation is a precaution against radial bucking at the opening.

The frame (if there is one), may prevent this. The code does not
say what size this frame should be. Your judgement is required.

Analysis of the Section at Weakest Section Modulus [Section 4-4]:

Skirt Corroded Thickness [ez]:

Deg.

mm ^3
cm

5
= ex(new) - ci - cext = 9.500 - 1.600 - 0.000 = 7.9000 mm

PLEASE NOTE: There is more than one opening in the skirt

EN 13445 and AD 2000 considers only one opening per Figure 16.12-4
this skirt has 6 openings. Please check results

WARNING: The Skirt Half Apex Angle Exceed 7 degrees - Para 16.12.4!

The half apex angle of the skirt is: 7.125 deg

WARNING: Skirt Angle Exceeds Limits (7 deg) Imposed by EN 13445.

Find the moment acting at the Critical Height [M4]:

= (Mbottom - Mtop)*(H - CutHeight)/H + Mtop
= (5010.736 - 2491.960 )*(24000.000 - 24000.000 )/24000.000 + 2491.960
= 2491.960 kgf-m.

Compute the section modulus [Zxx and Zyy]

Zxx = Ixx/ybar = 704803 /717.050 = 9829206 mm
Zyy = Iyy/xbar = 704803 /938.123 = 7512911 mm
Z = Min(Zxx, Zyy) = Min(9829206 ,7512911 ) = 7512911 mm

The balance of the calculations are per EN13445, and

they may be treated as academic if the designated code
is not EN 13445

Radius of Gyration of Skirt at 4-4 [rg]:

(rg is not included in the analysis of EN 13445)
= Sqrt( Min( Ixx, Iyy ) / Area(A4) )
= Sqrt( Min( 704803 , 704803 ) / 327.956 ) )
= 463.582 mm

Skirt Slenderness Ratio [r/L]:

= 463.582 / 2000.000 = 0.232

Location of the Skirt Centroid at critical height [e]:

ex = 221.073 : ey = 0.000
e = Sqrt(ex + ey) = Sqrt(221.073+0.000)
= 221.073 mm

Moment Increment at Centroid [DeltaM4]:

= ( Fg + Ff ) * e = F4 * e
= ( 4685.19 + 1040.10 ) * 221.07272 = 1265.706 kgf-m.

Nomenclature per EN 13445 (not AD2000)

Force at the joint Equations 16.12-1 & 2 (Dz is skirt diameter at top)
Fzp

= F1 - DeltaFG - FF + 4 * M1 / Dz
= 5470.785 - 254.499 - 1040.097 + 4 * 2491.960 / 1311.186
= 11.7783 * 10^3 kgf

Fzq

= F1 - DeltaFG - FF - 4 * M1 / Dz
= 5470.785 - 254.499 - 1040.097 - 4 * 2491.960 / 1311.186
= -3.4260 * 10^3 kgf

Membrane Stress at 1-1 Equations 16.12-3 & 4:

Sm1p = (Fzp + Delta_Fg + Ff) / (Pi * Db * eb) + P * Db / (4 * eb)
= (11778.335 + 254.499 + 1040.097 ) / (3.142 * 1312.500 * 6.500 )
13.000 * 1312.500 / ( 4 * 6.500 ) = 705.027 kgf/cm

Sm1q = (Fzq + Delta_Fg + Ff) / (Pi * Db * eb) + P * Db / (4 * eb)

= (-3425.957 + 254.499 + 1040.097 ) / (Pi * 1312.500 * 6.500 ) +

7
13.000 * 1312.500 / ( 4 * 6.500 ) = 648.298 kgf/cm

Membrane Stress at 2-2 Equation 16.12-9:

Sm2

= ( Ff + Delat_Fg ) / ( Pi * Db * eb ) + P * Db / ( 4 * eb )
= ( 1040.097 + 254.499 ) / ( Pi * 1312.500 * 6.500 ) +
13.000 * 1312.500 / ( 4 * 6.500 ) = 661.080 kgf/cm

Membrane Stress at 3-3 Equations 16.12 12 & 13:

Sm3p = Fzp / ( Pi* Dz * ez )
= 11778.335 / ( Pi * 1311.186 * 7.900 ) = 36.1945 kgf/cm

Sm3q = Fzq / ( Pi* Dz * ez )

= -3425.957 / ( Pi * 1311.186 * 7.900 ) = -10.5279 kgf/cm

Eccentricty between skirt and head - Moment Equations 16.12-22 & 23:
Cos(gamma) = 1 - 0.5( Db + eb - Dz + ez) / ( r + eb )
= 1-0.5(1312.50 + 6.50 - 1811.19 + 7.90 )/(223.52 +6.50 )
= 0.9658

Gamma

= Acos(Cos(gamma)) = Acos(0.966 ) = 15.018 Deg

= 0.5 * SQRT ( eb + ez + 2 * eb * ez * Cos(Gamma) )

= 0.5 * SQRT ( 6.500 + 7.900 + 2 * 6.500 * 7.900 * 0.966 )
= 7.139 mm

Mp

= a * Fzp =

7.139*

11778. =

84.08 kgf-m.

Mq

= a * Fzq =

7.139*

-3426. =

-24.46 kgf-m.

Bending Stresses in sections 1-1 to 3-3 Equations: 16.12-26 to 29:

C

= 0.63-0.057(eb/ez) = 0.63 - 0.057(6.500 /7.900 ) = 0.5914

Sb1p(a) = C * 6 * Mp / ( Pi * Db * eb )
= 0.591 *6*84.084 /(Pi*1312.500 *6.500) = 171.269 kgf/cm

Sb1q(a) = C * 6 * Mq / ( Pi * Db * eb )
= 0.591 *6*-24.457 /(Pi*1312.500 *6.500) = -49.817 kgf/cm

Sb3p(a) = C * 6 * Mp / ( Pi * Dz * ez )
= 0.591 *6*7298.143 /(Pi*51.622 *0.311)
= 116.0607 kgf/cm

Sb3Q(a) = C * 6 * Mq / ( Pi * Dz * ez )
= 0.591 * 6 * -2122.807 / ( Pi * 51.622 * 0.311 )
= -33.7585 kgf/cm

Geometry variables Equation 16.12-32 to 36:

eb / Db = 0.256 / 51.673 = 0.0050
y = 125 * eb / Db = 125 * 6.500 / 1312.500 = 0.6190

As this an elliptical head, it will be treated a a Korbbogen type head

Alpha = 1.51861*2.71828*y-4.2335*RYY + 3.994
= 1.51861*2.71828*0.619-4.2335*0.619 +3.994 = 18.5010

Bending stress in sections 1-1 and 2-2 Equation 16.12-31:

Sb1(p) = (P + Ph ) * Db * ( ( Gamma / GammaA) * Alpha - 1 ) / (4 * eb)
= (13.000 + 0.000 ) * 1312.50 * ((15.02 / 40.00 ) *
= 18.501 - 1) / ( 4.0 * 6.500 ) = 3902.2874 kgf/cm

The actual total stresses per Equations 16.12-46 to 57:

Stot1pi = Sm1p - Sb1p(a) + Sb1(p) = 705.027 - 171.269 + 3902.287

= 4436.05 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-46

Stot1po = Sm1p + Sb1p(a) - Sb1(p) = 705.027 + 171.269 - 3902.287

9
= -3025.99 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-47

Stot1qi = Sm1q - Sb1q(a) + Sb1(p) = 705.027 - -49.817 + 3902.287

= 4600.40 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-48

Stot1qo = Sm1q + Sb1q(a) - Sb1(p) = 705.027 + -49.817 - 3902.287

= -3303.81 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-49

Stot2pi = Sm2p + Sb2p(a) + Sb2(p) = 705.027 + 171.269 + 3902.287

= 4734.64 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-50

Stot2po = Sm2p - Sb2p(a) - Sb2(p) = 661.080 - 171.269 - 3902.287

= -3412.48 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-51

Stot2qi = Sm2q + Sb2q(a) + Sb2(p) = 661.080 + -49.817 + 3902.287

= 4513.55 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-52

Stot2qo = Sm2q - Sb2q(a) - Sb2(p) = 661.080 - -49.817 - 3902.287

= -3191.39 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-53

Stot3pi = Sm3p - Sb3p = 36.195 - 116.061

= -79.87 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-54

Stot3po = Sm2q + Sb2q(a) = 36.195 + 116.061

= 152.26 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-55

Stot3qi = Sm3q - Sb3q = -10.528 - -33.759

= 23.23 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-56

Stot2qo = Sm2q + Sb2q(a) = -10.528 + -33.759

= -44.29 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-57

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Allowable Stresses: Equations 16.12-58 to 59 (both equations identical):

For: Stot1pi, Stot1po the stress must not exceed:
= fs( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( Sm1p / f ) )
= 1406.140 * ( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( 705.027 / 1406.140 ) )
= 3982.76 kgf/cm

Allowable Stresses: Equations 16.12-60 to 61:

For: Stot1qi, Stot1qo the stress must not exceed:
= fs( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( Sm1p / f ) )
= 1406.140 * ( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( 648.298 / 1406.140 ) )
= 4019.16 kgf/cm

Allowable Stresses: Equations 16.12-62 to 63:

For: Stot2pi, Stot2po the stress must not exceed:
= fs( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( Sm1p / f ) )
= 1406.140 * ( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( 661.080 / 1406.140 ) )
= 4011.22 kgf/cm

Allowable Stresses: Equations 16.12-64 to 65 (both equations identical):

For: Stot2qi, Stot2qo the stress must not exceed:
= fs( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( Sm1p / f ) )
= 1406.140 * ( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( 661.080 / 1406.140 ) )
= 4011.22 kgf/cm

Allowable Stresses: Equations 16.12-66 to 67:

For: Stot3pi, Stot3po the stress must not exceed:
= fs( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( Sm1p / f ) )
= 1406.140 * ( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( 36.195 / 1406.140 ) )
= 4217.80 kgf/cm

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Allowable Stresses: Equations 16.12-68 to 69:

For: Stot3qi, Stot3qo the stress must not exceed:
= fs( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( Sm1p / f ) )
= 1406.140 * ( 3 - (1 / 1.5) * ( -10.528 / 1406.140 ) )
= 4218.37 kgf/cm

For the skirt at the opening/weakest part: Equations 16.12-70 & 71:
Actual Stresses:
Sm4p = ( M4 + DeltaM4 ) / W4 - F4 / A4
= (2491.960 + 1265.706 ) /18316438 - 5725.284 /327.956
= 3.06 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-70

Sm4q = -( M4 + DeltaM4 ) / W4 - F4 / A4
= -(2491.960 + 1265.706 ) /18316438 - 5725.284 /327.956
= -37.97 kgf/cm - Equation 16.12-71

Allowable stresses at the opening/weakest part: Equations 16.12-72 & 73:

Max stress for Sm4p and Sm4q: Equations 16.12 72 & 73:
= fz = 1406.14 kgf/cm

Please note: None of the following stresses in this table below is in

the region where there is an access opening. See the stresses immediately
under the table - Sm4p and Sm4q. These stresses are where the openings
are located and are the most critical.

Summary of Stresses:
Stress

Actual
kgf/cm

Allowed

Result

kgf/cm

Equation
Eqn 16.12

---------------------------------------------------------------Stot1pi
Stot1po

4436.05
-3025.99

3982.76
3982.76

Fail
Pass

46
47

12

Stot1qi

4600.40

Stot1qo
Stot2pi

-3303.81
4734.64

Stot2po
Stot2qi

-3412.48
4513.55

4019.16
4019.16
4011.22
4011.22
4011.22

Fail
Pass
Fail
Pass
Fail

48
49
50
51
52

Stot2qo

-3191.39

4011.22

Pass

53

Stot3pi

-79.87

4217.80

Pass

54

Stot3po

152.26

4217.80

Pass

55

Stot3qi

23.23

4218.37

Pass

56

Stot3qo

-44.29

4218.37

Pass

57

Skirt stress at the openings / critical section:

Sm4p

3.06

1406.14

Pass

70

Sm4q

-37.97

1406.14

Pass

71

WARNING - One of the Stresses is over the limit in an area without openings!
The stresses are satisfactory in the region with the opening(s)

Analysis according to EN 13445 Section 8.7 allowable compressive stress [fc]:

Note: This is a supplementary calculation not required by the code
Py

= 2 * fz * ez / R = 2 * 1406.140 * 7.900 / 655.593 = 33.89 kgf/cm

Pm

= 1.21*E*(ez/R) = 1.21*2 *10^6*(7.900 /655.593 ) = 358.23 kgf/c

Pm/Py = 358.234 / 33.888 = 10.571

From Figure 8.5-5 Pr/Py = 0.570

Pr = (Pr/Py) * Py = 0.570 * 33.888 = 19.316 kgf/cm
fc = Pr * R / (2 * ez) = 19.316 *655.604 / ( 2 *7.900 )
= -801.513 kgf/cm

Maximum Compressive Stress [fcActua]:

= -3412.476 kgf/cm

Note: Maximum Allowable Stress Exceeded - but not a code requirement.

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