Physics Heat and Thermodynamics Study Guide

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. Heat is the energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference. 2. Water contracts when heated from 0 degrees Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius. 3. Temperature is a measure of the total internal energy of a substance. 4. When two or more substances in contact reach a common temperature, they are said to be in thermal equilibrium 5. All matter contains the substance heat. This is called caloric. 6. Materials that are poor heat conductors are insulators. 7. Surfaces that feel cooler than others must have a lower temperature.. 8. The second law of thermodynamics states that heat energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 9. A slice of bread contains about 4.19 105 J of energy. If the specific heat of a person is 4.19 103 J/kgC, by how many degrees Celsius would the temperature of a 50.0 kg person increase if all the energy in the bread were converted to heat? a. 1.86C c. 1.00C b. 1.43C d. 2.00C ____ 10. The use of solar shades in the front windshield of a car is intended to minimize heat transfer through what process? a. vaporization b. radiation c. convection d. conduction ____ 11. Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to __________. a. gases c. fluids b. solids d. liquids ____ 12. Systems that are left alone tend to move toward a state of ________ a. less entropy b. more entropy c. no entropy d. none of the above ____

____ 13. How much heat energy must be removed from 0.10 kg of steam with a temperature of 150.0C in order for the steam to condense back to water at 70C? (cwater = 4186 J/kgC, csteam = 2.01x103 J/kgC, and Lv = 2.26 x 106J/kg.) a. 9.56 103 J b. 5.71 104 J c. 4.00 104 J d. 2.50 105 J ____ 14. Why is it said that the temperature will drop more on a cloudless night? a. Clouds contain water vapor which act to reflect heat back toward the earth. b. Clouds will speed up the rate of heat loss because they absorb the heat. c. When clouds are not present, heat radiated can pass freely through the atmosphere. d. a and c only. ____ 15. One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 60 joules of work. The internal energy increase of the system is __________ . a. 160 J b. 0 J c. 40 J d. 100 J ____ 16. What heat transfer processes are involved in the boiling of water on a hot plate? a. conduction and entropy b. conduction and convection c. radiation and convection d. radiation and conduction ____ 17. Which law of thermodynamics relates to the direction of heat flow? a. 1st law of thermodynamics b. The laws of thermodynamics are not related to heat flow. c. 2nd law of thermodynamics d. Entropy ____ 18. Energy transferred as heat always moves from an object a. at low temperature to an object at high temperature. b. at high kinetic energy to an object at low kinetic energy. c. with low specific heat to an object with high specific heat. d. both a and c. ____ 19. During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is __________.

a. water contract when freezing.

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c. the ground contracts in cold weater, pulling the pipes apart. b. water expands when freezing. d. the pipes are too full. What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of water and steam at 1 atm of pressure? a. 0C c. 0F b. 0 K d. 373 K When an egg is broken and scrambled, the entropy of the system a. not enough information to determine. b. increases. c. decreases. d. remains the same. Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees? a. Celsius c. Kelvin b. Fahrenheit d. Joule Mix some 40C water with some 30C water and you'll get water at __________. a. 40C c. depends on the masses (or volumes)of the water. b. 30C d. 35C A metal spoon has a greater thermal conductivity than a plastic spoon because a. the metal spoon probably has a greater cross-sectional area than the plastic spoon. b. the metal spoon was longer than the plastic spoon. c. the metal has a greater specific heat than the plastic. d. the electrons in the metal are freer to move from atom to atom than are the electrons in the plastic spoon. The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a __________. a. high surface area c. low specific heat capacity b. low surface area d. high specific heat capacity Heat travels from the sun to the earth by ______________. a. radiation c. convection b. conduction d. vacuumization The reason an ocean's temperature doesn't vary much from one season to the next is that __________. a. oceans are located next to large land areas c. oceans are located in mild regions of the earth b. there are a lot of fish in the oceans d. water has a high specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity is related to the amount of internal energy __________. a. needed to change the temperature of one c. a specific object has. kilogram of a substance one degree. b. transferred by one molecule. d. one molecule contains. An engine absorbs 2150 J as heat from a hot reservoir and gives off 750 J as heat to a cold reservoir during each cycle. How much work is done during each cycle? a. 750 J c. 2150 J b. 1400 J d. 2900 J

Short Answer 30. What is hypothermia? Explain in terms of heat, temperature and energy transfer.

31. In the figure above, what happens to the ice at 0C? (Be sure to include the reason for the temperature remaining constant.) 32. 30.2 g of sand has a temperature of 12.1C. What mass of water at 85.8C must be added to raise the final temperature of the mixture to 29.3C? (cw = 4.19 J/gC and cs = 2.01 J/gC)

Physics Heat and Thermodynamics Study Guide Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: T T F T F T F F

MULTIPLE CHOICE 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: D B C B D D C B C B B D B A C D C A D A B

SHORT ANSWER 30. -31. Develop this based on notes and chapter 10 OTHER 32. ANS: 31.1g