International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and OF MECHANICAL0976 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Technology (IJMET), ISSN 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online)

e) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)

ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359 (Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), pp. 246-255 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.html Journal Impact Factor (2011): 1.2083 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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THERMODYNAMIC FLOW SIMULATION MODEL IN DUCTED AXIAL FAN USING SIMULINK

Manikandapirapu P.K.1 Srinivasa G.R.2 Sudhakar K.G.3 Madhu D. 4
1 2

Ph.D Candidate, Mechanical Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore. Professor and Principal Investigator, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore. 3 Dean (Research and Development), CDGI, Indore, Madhya Pradesh . 4 Professor and Head, Mechanical Department, Government Engg. College, KRPET-571426.

ABSTRACT The paper presents to design and develop the flow simulation parameters in Ducted Axial Fan by using thermodynamic analysis with Simulink software. Main objective of this experiment is to model the parameter of pressure rise and whirl velocity in ducted axial fan by using energy equation. In this main phase of paper, the analogy for thermodynamic flow modeling and thermodynamic flow simulation model using Simulink has been investigated to optimize the parameter of pressure rise in ducted axial flow fan. Keywords: Pressure rise, Whirl velocity, Pressure Ratio, Flow ratio, Rotor speed, Simulink, Axial Fan. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Mining fans and cooling tower fans normally employ axial blades and or required to work under adverse environmental conditions. They have to operate in a narrow band of speed and throttle positions in order to give best performance in terms of pressure rise, high efficiency and also stable condition. Since the range in which the fan has to operate under stable condition is very narrow, clear knowledge has to be obtained about the whole range of operating conditions if the fan has to be operated using active adaptive control devices. The performance of axial fan can be graphically represented as shown in figure 1.
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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May August (2012), IAEME May-August

Fig: 1 Graphical representation of Axial Fan performance curve

2.0 TEST FACILITY AND INSTRUMENTATION Experimental setup, fabricated to create stall conditions and to introduce unstall conditions in an industrial ducted axial fan is as shown in figure 2.

Fig: 2 Ducted Axial Fan Rig

A 2 HP Variable frequency 3 phase induction electrical drive is coupled to the 3-phase electrical motor to derive variable speed ranges. Schematic representation of ducted fan setup is shown in figure 3.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Fig: 3 Ducted Axial Fan - Schematic

The flow enters the test duct through a bell mouth entry of cubic profile. The bell mouth performs two functions: it provides a smooth undisturbed flow into the duct and also serves the purpose of metering the flow rate. The bell mouth is made of fiber reinforced polyester with a smooth internal finish. The motor is positioned inside a 381 mm diameter x 457 mm length of fan casing. The aspect (L/D) ratio of the casing is 1.2. The hub with blades, set at the required angle is mounted on the extended shaft of the electric motor. The fan hub is made of two identical halves. The surface of the hub is made spherical so that the blade root portion with the same contour could be seated perfectly on this, thus avoiding any gap between these two mating parts. An outlet duct identical in every way with that at inlet is used at the downstream of the fan. A flow throttle is placed at the exit, having sufficient movement to present an exit area greater than that of the duct. 3.0 THERMODYNAMIC MODELING First law of thermodynamics is also called as conservation of energy. It states that energy can neither be created nor can be destroyed, it can only be transformed. The change in change in energy content of system is equal to difference between energy input and energy output.
= (3.1)

Conservation of energy for a fixed quantity of mass can be expressed as,

+ Where = = or + = (3.2) (3.2a)

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

=Net weight of heat transfer to system = (3.2b)

= Net power input to system = Rate of change of total energy content to the system From Conservation of energy for control volume which is given by; = + ( ( = ) + + + + + ( ( ( ) ) + ) ) (3.3)

Applying Reynoldss transport theorem, above equation becomes = + Here

,

(3.3a) (3.4)

= Fluid velocity relative to control surface + + +

,

(3.4a)

For fixed volume,

,

(3.4b)

= +gz
+

(3.5) (3.6)

Where, e = u+
+
,

(3.7) (3.8)

Enthalpy (h) = u + p.v = u+ So, using this in above equation

+
,

(3.9)

This is unsteady state thermodynamic flow model equation. Now, for steady flow the time rate of change energy content of control volume is zero i.e. =0. So, above equation becomes +
,

(3.9a)

=0. So, above equation becomes

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME
,

(3.9b) ) ) (3.10)

= =

+ and

+ (
=

+ (

)+(

(3.11)

Here, assumption ( =

Total work done on the fluid by using fan is given in the below equation. ) (3.13) (3.12)

This is Steady State thermodynamic flow model equation. By varying the diameter and speed the whirl velocity and pressure rise is found from the above equation 3.13. 4. SIMULINK Simulink is a software package for modeling, simulating and analyzing the dynamic systems. It supports linear and nonlinear systems, modeled in continuous time, sampled time, or a hybrid of the two. For modeling simulink provides a graphical user interface for building models as block diagrams, using click and drag mouse operations. Simulink includes a comprehensive block library of source, sink of linear and nonlinear components and connectors. 4.1 Model Description The thermodynamic flow model is considered for simulation study. The governing Parameters of the fan considered are density of the fluid, rotor speed, Blade velocity, inlet velocity, pressure ratio, flow ratio and the effects of variation of these parameters are testified through simulink model. Constant block, gain block, Math function, Sum block, inverse block, display block ,radian to degree converter, degree to radian converter blocks are the typical blocks used for thermodynamic flow simulation model of ducted axial fan is shown in fig.4.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Figure 4. Thermodynamic Flow Simulation Model for Ducted Axial Fan using SIMULINK

In this simulink thermodynamic flow model, pressure rise across the fan were computed for different pressure ratios and various graphs have plotted in the section of results and discussion chapter.

5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The aim of the thermodynamic flow modeling and simulation is to compute the pressure rise as a function of pressure ratio, flow ratio, whirl velocity, rotor speed and different diameter of rotor in ducted axial flow fan. Thermodynamic flow simulation model helps to optimize the parameter of pressure rise for different whirl velocity in a ducted axial fan. Analysis of thermodynamic flow simulation modeling and their governing parameters were made as a function of flow ratio, pressure ratio, whirl velocity, blade velocity, diameter of rotor and rotor speed for ducted axial fan. The variations in pressure rise for different pressure ratio with respect to velocity range vary from 0 to 5 m/s is shown in fig.5. Pressure magnitude is found to be varying from 10 to 200 N/ m2 for every 0.05 increment in flow ratio. Further, it varies from 25 to 220 N/ m2 when the pressure ratio is incremented by 0.05. The variations in pressure rise for different pressure ratio with respect to velocity range vary from 5 to 10 m/s is shown in fig.6. Pressure magnitude is found to be varying from 15 to 1500 N/ m2 for every 0.05 increment in flow ratio.
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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Further, it varies from 20 to 1000 N/ m2 when the pressure ratio is incremented by 0.05.
700 600 Pressure Rise In N/m2 500 400 300 200 100 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 Flow Ratio 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Pressure Ratio 0.05 Pressure Ratio 0.1 Pressure Ratio 0.115

Fig: 5 Pressure Rise Variations for different Velocity Range (0-5) m/s 3000 2500 presure Risein N/m2 2000 pressure rati o.115 1500 1000 500
Fig: 9 Pressure Rise Variation for different Velocity Range (5- 10) m/s

pressure ratio .05 pressure ratio .1

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Flow Ratio

Fig: 6 Pressure Rise Variations for different Velocity Range (5-10) m/s

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME
5500 5000 Pressure Rise in N/m2 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Flow Ratio Fig: 7 Pressure Rise Variations for different Velocity Range (10-15) m/s 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Pressure Ratio 0.05 Pressure Ratio 0.1 Pressure Ratio 0.115

The variations in pressure rise for different pressure ratio with respect to velocity range vary from 10 to 15 m/s is shown in fig.7. Pressure magnitude is found to be varying from 10 to 4250 N/ m2 for every 0.05 increment in flow ratio. Further, it varies from 05 to 2250 N/ m2 when the pressure ratio is incremented by 0.05.

10000 9000 8000 Pressure Rise in N/m2 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Inlet Velocity in m/s Input Power 1 KW Input Power 2 KW Input Power 3 KW Input Power 4 KW Input Power 5 KW

Fig: 8 Pressure Rise Variations for different Power Input range from 1to 5 KW

Magnitudes of pressure rise were determined for different power input from 1 to 5 KW as a function of input velocity of fan is shown in fig.8. Pressure magnitude is found to be varying from 1 to 1800 N/ m2 for every 1 m/s increment

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

of inlet velocity. Further, it varies from 10 to 2000 N/ m2 when the input power is incremented by 1000 W. 6.0 CONCLUSION In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop the thermodynamic model and simulate the characteristics of pressure rise in ducted axial fan by using simulink software. It is useful to design the operating flow parameters viz. pressure ratio, flow ratio, whirl velocity, rotor speed and diameter of blade in ducted axial fan. Further, this work can be extended by working on the unsteady state condition and simulate the system by using control system algorithm. The results so far discussed, indicate that thermodynamic flow simulation model in ducted axial fan by using simulink is very promising. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors gratefully thank AICTE (rps) Grant. for the financial support of present work. NOMENCLATURE = Pressure rise coefficient = P2 / P1 = Flow ratio coefficient = Q / (Nd3 ) N = Tip speed of the blades Q = Coefficient of discharge P2 = Static pressure at outlet P1 = Static pressure of blade at inlet d = Diameter of the blade air = Density of air m = Efficiency of motor = Efficiency of fan
REFERENCES [1] Day I J (1993),Active Suppression of Rotating Stall and Surge in Axial Compressors, ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, vol 115, P 40-47. [2] Patrick B Lawlees (1999),Active Control of Rotating Stall in a Low Speed Centrifugal Compressors, Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol 15, No 1, P 38-44. [3]C A Poensgen (1996) ,Rotating Stall in a Single-Stage Axial Compressor, Journal of Turbomachinery, vol.118, P 189-196. [4] J D Paduano (1996), Modeling for Control of Rotating stall in High Speed Multistage Axial Compressor ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, vol 118, P 1-10. [5] Chang Sik Kang (2005),Unsteady Pressure Measurements around Rotor of an Axial Flow Fan Under Stable and Unstable Operating Conditions, JSME International Journal, Series B, vol 48, No 1, P 56-64.
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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

[6] A H Epstein (1989),Active Suppression of Aerodynamic instabilities in turbo machines, Journal of Propulsion, vol 5, No 2, P 204-211. [7] Bram de Jager (1993),Rotating stall and surge control: A survey, IEEE Proceedings of 34th Conference on Decision and control. [8] S Ramamurthy (1975),Design, Testing and Analysis of Axial Flow Fan, M E Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Dept, Indian Institute of Science. [9] S L Dixon (1998), Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbo machinery, 5th edition, Pergamon, Oxford Press. [10] William W Peng (2008), Fundamentals of Turbo machinery, John Wiley & sons.Inc. AUTHORS Manikandapirapu P.K. received his B.E degree from Mepco Schlenk Engineering college, M.Tech from P.S.G College of Technology,Anna University,and now is pursuing Ph.D degree in Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore under VTU University. His Research interest include: Turbomachinery, fluid mechanics, Heat transfer and CFD. Srinivasa G.R. received his Ph.D degree from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He is currently working as a professor in mechanical engineering department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore. His Research interest include: Turbomachinery, Aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Gas turbines and Heat transfer. Sudhakar K.G received his Ph.D degree from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He is currently working as a Dean (Research and Development) in Chamelidevi Group of Institutions (CDGI), Indore, Madhyapradesh. His Research interest include: Surface Engineering, Metallurgy, Composite Materials, MEMS and Foundry Technology. Madhu D received his Ph.D degree from Indian Institute of Technology (New Delhi). He is currently working as a Professor and Head in Government Engineering college, KRPET-571426, Karnataka. His Research interest include: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Advanced Heat Transfer Studies, Multi phase flow and IC Engines.

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