Silo

Do not print this sheet, it contains only information as how to design a Silo?
INPUTS
INPUT CELLS (UNLOCKED) CALCULATIONS BY PROGRAM RESULTS Drop down selection
Considser height as developed using 80 inches (2 meter) wide plate (Maximum height 100 ft considered) Hide the calculations for the courses that are not included in Silo, manually. For example, if 2 courses are used, hide the calculations & results for course 3,4,5,6 and so on. This Workbook is applicable upto 15 courses maximum Dont Forget to Edit Project title in Header & DDFC Doc. No. in the footer of every worksheet.
or example, if 2 courses are used,
SILO DESIGN INPUTS
Liquid Level Material A36 Sd= 23200
Psi
70 0.125
D(in) =
200 600 650
0.85
50 hc
0.125
Project Title:
SILO SHELL DESIGN
INPUTS: Material (Shell) Height of one course Density of Material Product Design Stress Minimum yeild Strength Inside dia of tank Total Static Head (Design Liquid Level) Height of Shell Specific Gravity Corrosion allowance Joint Efficiency Actual Width of 1st Actual Width of 2nd Actual Width of 3rd Actual Width of 4th Actual Width of 5th Actual Width of 6th Actual Width of 7th Actual Width of 8th Actual Width of 9th Actual Width of 10th Actual Width of 11th Actual Width of 12th Actual Width of 13th Actual Width of 14th Actual Width of 15th CALCULATIONS: Dia. Of Tank Used specific gravity of fluid Height of one course No. of courses Used courses D G Hc n = = = = = = 200 70.000 78.0 HS/Hc 8.3 9 in Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Hc r Sd Fy Di HS Hd G CA E H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = A36 78.0 0.284 23,200 36,250 200.00 600.0 650.0 1.150 0.125 0.85 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 in lbs / in3 Psi psi in in in in = 17 ft
in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in
in
DDFC Doc. No.:
Project Title:
Course 1: Height of Liquid for 1st. Course (Full of Water) Design Shell Thickness
H1 td
= = = = = = = = =
54.2
ft
650
in
[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.273 in 0.313 0.313 0.010 0.323 0.32 9.00 in in in in in mm
Ref: API 650, 3.6.3
Minimum Required Thickness ,
for D = 200 in,
t t
Ref:API 650,A.3
Minimum Thickness Mill Tolerance Minimum Recommended Thickness So, used shell course thickness for first shell course
UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1
t1
Shell thickness used is satisfactory

Course 2: Height of Liquid for 2nd. course Design Shell Thickness for 2nd. Course Mill Tolerance Minimum Recommended Thickness Used shell course thickness for 2nd course
H2 td
= = = = = = =
47.667
ft
572
in
t2
[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.255 in 0.010 in 0.265 in 0.27 in 7.00 mm
Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1
Increase thickness of Course 2

Course 3: Height of Liquid for 3rd. course Design Shell Thickness for 3rd. Course Mill Tolerance Minimum Recommended Thickness Used shell course thickness for 3rd course H3 td = = = = = = = 41.167 ft = 494 in
t3

Course 4: Height of Liquid for 4th. course Design Shell Thickness for 4th. Course Mill Tolerance Minimum Recommended Thickness Used shell course thickness for 4th course
H4 td
= = = = = = =
34.667
ft
416
in
t4

Course 5: Height of Liquid for 5th. Course Design Shell Thickness for 5th. Course Mill Tolerance Minimum Recommended Thickness Used shell course thickness for 5th course
H5 td
= = = = = = =
34.667
ft
416
in
t5

Course 6: Height of Liquid for 6th. Course Design Shell Thickness for 6th. Course Mill Tolerance Minimum Recommended Thickness
H6 td
= = = = =
28.167
ft
338
in
[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.201 in 0.010 in 0.211 in
DDFC Doc. No.:
Project Title:
Used shell course thickness for 6th course
t6
= =
0.43 11.00
in mm
DDFC Doc. No.:
Project Title:
H7 td
= = = = = = =
21.667
ft
260
in
t7

H8 td
= = = = = = =
15.167
ft
182
in
t8

H9 td
= = = = = = =
8.667
ft
104
in
t9

H10 td
= = = = = = =
2.167
ft
26
in
t10

H11 td
= = = = = = =
-4.333
ft
-52
in
t11

H11 td
= = = = = = =
-6.500
ft
-78
in
t11
DDFC Doc. No.:
Project Title:

H13 td
= = = = = = =
-6.500
ft
-78
in
t13

H14 td
= = = = = = =
-6.500
ft
-78
in
t14
H15 td
= = = = = = =
-6.500
ft
-78
in
t15
SUMMARY OF SHELL COURSES New x Di x H x t x r Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course Shell Course t1 = t2 = t3 = t4 = t5 = t6 = t7 = t8 = t9 = t10 = t11 = t12 = t13 = t14 = t15 = 9.000 7.000 13.000 13.000 12.000 11.000 11.000 10.000 10.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm WS WSA 4,925 3,830 7,114 7,114 6,566 6,019 6,019 5,472 1,824 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,883 100 48,983 Corroded x Di x H x (t - CA) x r 3,187 2,093 5,376 5,376 4,829 4,282 4,282 3,735 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,405 100 34,505 lbs lbs lbs lbs
Weight of the Shell Approx. Weight of Attachments (includes weight of nozzles, etc) Total Weight of Shell
WST
DDFC Doc. No.:
CONICAL BOTTOM DESIGN
Input: Cone Material Design Stress Cone Angle Radius of Silo Design Height of Silo above Cone Intervals to find stresses induced Density of Content Joint Efficiency Corrosion Allowance Height of Cone Calculations: Longitudnal Forces Circumferential Forces
Sd R H hc w E CA h
= = = = = = = = = =
A36 20000 50 8.33 50.00 1 70.00 0.85 0.125 9.93
Psi deg. ft ft ft lb / cu. Ft in ft
T1 T2
= ( w / 2 sin) (R - hc/tan) (H + 2hc/3 + Rtan/3) = (whi/sin) ( R - hc/tan)
Longitudnal & Circumferential forces after specified intervals hc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T1 20297.6 18482.1 16615.4 14697.7 12728.8 10708.8 8637.6 6515.4 4342.0 2117.6 T2 38074.4 34925.4 31623.1 28167.4 24558.4 20796.0 16880.3 12811.2 8588.8 4213.0
Max. of T1 or T2, Minimum Required Thickness, tc
38074.4 lb
= Max (T1 or T2) / (12SE sin) = = = 0.369 in 0.391 in 0.4 in
tc Minimum thickness including Mill Tolerance Minimum Thickness required tc
Thickness used is satisfatory

Weight Summary: Weight of cone, Wc
2 2 = ( R ( R + h + R )) tc = 9108 lbs
SILO ROOF DESIGN
INPUTS: Material (Shell) Height of one course Density of Material Material Design Stress Inside dia of tank Total Static Head (Design Liquid Level) Height of Shell Specific Gravity Corrosion allowance Joint Efficiency Calculatons Minimum Thickness of roof without C.A Minimum Thickness including CA Mill Tolerance Minimum Recommended thickness Thickness used Structure Design: Dia of Shell Channel Used No. of Channels in x-direction No. of Channels in y-direction
A36 Hc = r Sd Di HS Hd G CA E = = = = = = = = 80.0 0.2836 23200 200 600 606 1.15 0.125 0.85 in lbs / in3 Psi in = in in in
16.7 ft
tmin = t = = = tr =
0.1875 0.3125 0.01 0.3225 0.325
in in in in in
= =
200 C 6 x 14 8 4
in
Nx = Ny =
Total Length of Channel in x-direction Total Length of Channel in y-direction Total Length of Channel Used Weight Summary: Weight of Roof Plate
Lx = Ly = L =
1359 675 2034
in in in
Wr = p / 4 x D2 x t x r = 11582 Wc = W = 2373 13955
lbs lbs lbs
Weight of Channel Total Weight of Roof Including Structure
COMPRESSION RING REGION

Silo Design
Inpts Design Height of Silo, Radius of Silo Density of contents in Silo, Corrosion Allowance Joint Efficiency Cone Angle, Calculations: Ring of compression at junction, Total Circumferential Force,
H R w CA E
= = = = = =
50.00 8.33 70 0.125 0.85 50
ft ft lb/ft3 in deg.
Q Q R2
2 = (R w/ 2tan) (H + Rtan/3) = 108725.5 lbs
= R / sin = 10.88
Participating width of conical section,
W h = 0.6 R2 (tc- CA) = 0.91 in Wc = 0.6 R (t- CA) = 5.16 in = Q/S =

2 4.69 in
Participating width of cylinderical section,
Area Required,
Ar
Area Available,
Aa
= W ct + W htc =
2 2.03 in
Actual Area required ( 3-times Ar) ( to cater for walkway & other Attachments)
2 14.06 in
Insufficient area, more required
Sectional Area used Area of region added Weight Total Area Available
Wu Aa
= = = =
C15 x 50 2 14.70 in 50 lb / ft
2 16.73 in
Sufficient Area Added

Weight Summary Weight of Angle attached Wa = D Wu Wa = 2617.99 lbs
Silo Accessories requirements

Attachments Required: Handrail Stair Case Angle of Rise,
43 deg
Platform, Quantity
6 Nos.
Handrail:
Weight of Hand Rail per feet Length of Hand Rail Weight of Hand Rail
wh = Lh = Wh = Wh =
24 D 628.3 1257
lbs / ft in lbs
Stair Case:
Weight of Stair Case per feet Length of Stair Case Where, Ht is Total Height of SILO from Bottom
ws Ls
= = = = =
57 Ht / sin 6.25 9.164 522.4
lbs / ft
Ls Weight of Stair Case, Ls
ft ft lbs
Platform
Weight of each Platform No. of Platforms Required Weight of Platforms wp = Np = Wp = 270 6 1620 lbs lbs
Weight Summary:
Weight of external attachments, Hand Rail, Stair Case, Platform, W = 3399 lbs
SILO LEG SUPPORT DESIGN
Inputs: Dia of Silo, Modulus of elasticity of leg Height of Shell Height of Conical Bottom Density of content Length of Legs Effective Length factor Section used as leg Water Content per bag in foundation concrete
D E Hs H G l K
= = = = = = = = =
200 29000 650 119.18 1.15 160 0.5 W12 x 336 5.00
in ksi in in kg / ltr in Fixed by ends (For RCC compressive strength calculations)
Calculations: A. Column Design

Section Properties: Weight of leg per foot (of column length) Moment of inertia Cross Sectional Area Radius of Gyration Width of flange Depth of beam (W-section only) I A r b d = = = = = = 336 1190 98.8 3.47 13.25 16.82 lbs / ft in4 in2 in in in
Thickness of Flange Thickness of Web Load Calculations (on Legs): Volume of Shell
tf tw
= =
2.955 in 1.775 in
Vs
2 = R Hs
= Weight of contents in Shell W cs
3 20420352.25 in
= Vs G =
848455 lbs
Volume of Conical Bottom
Vc
2 = R h / 3
= Weight of Contents in conical Bottom W cc = Vc G = = = = = = = = = = =
3 1248001 in
51854 lbs 48,983 lbs 9108 lbs 13955 lbs 2,618 lbs 3,399 lbs 4480 lbs 978,373 lbs 18 58,834 88,251 lbs
Weight of Shell Steel Weight of Conical Bottom Steel Weight of Roof Steel Weight of Compression Ring Steel Weight of Accessories (Steel) Self Weight of one leg Total Load on Legs No. of Legs Total Load on one Leg (Steel+Contents) Used Load on one Leg (1.5 W i) I. Leg Deflection (during buckling): Max. Deflection (Per AISC)
Ws Wc Wr W cr WA WL w N Wi W
Recommended in water / operationg whichever is higher At column centre
3 = 5 W l / 384 E I = 0.136 in
Allowed Deflection per AISC (1/360)
0.44 in
As above consition is satisfied, deflection is within elastic range

II. Buckling / Compressive Stress: Induced Stress i
= W/A =
893 psi 24 20350 psi From AISC Table: C36
Ratio: Allowable Stress Stress induced is less than Allowable
Kl / r = a =
B. Design of Base Plate ( Only for W-Section Beams):

(For others smaller size silos, assume to suit) Base Plate sketch
Mnimum Area of Base Plate: Ultimate compressive strength Minimum Area required
f'c A1
= = W / 0.7f'c =
3.75 ksi
2 33.62 in
Dimensions "B" & "N": = (0.95d - 0.8b) / 2 = 2.69 in = A1 = = A1 / N = + 8 in
4 in
Bearing Pressure: Bearing Pressure
fp
= W / A1 =
2625 psi
Factors "m", "n" & "x": m = (N-0.95d) / 2 = -3.7 in = (B-0.8b) / 2 = -3.3 in = (b-tw) / 2(d-2tf)
= x
0.5 in
3 = (b-tw)/2 ( 1 / (1+3.2 )) = 9.7 in
Thickness of Base Plate: Minimum Yield Stress of Base Plate Material
Fy t
36,250 psi Ref. Shell Design sheet = max(m,n,x) fp / 0.25Fy = 5.2 in = 133 mm
C. Weight Summary:
Column Weight of one Leg No. of Legs Weight of all Legs Base Plate Thickness Length Width Weight of one Base Plate No. of Base Plates Weight of all Base Plates W1 N W = = = 4480 lbs 18 80640 lbs
t B N Wb N Wb
= = = = = = =
5 in 4 in 8 in 10 lbs 18 185 lbs 80825 lbs
Total Weight of Support legs and base plates W+Wb
DESIGN RESULTS
Silo No.: Dia Service (S.G.) A) 16.67 ft 1.15 Height Plate Width (Assumed) 54.17 ft 2.0 m
Cylinderical Shell: Material of Shell Course # 1 Total Weight of Shell Width (in) 78 Thickness (mm) 9 Ws =
A36
48983 lbs
B)
Conical Bottom: Material of Conical Botom Thickness of Conical Bottom Weight of Conical Bottom Compression Ring: Section Used to stiffen compression region Weight of Section Roof Thickness of Roof Plate Weight of Roof Plate including C 6 x 14 structure External Attachments Weight of Hand Rail, Stair Case, Platform, Support Legs: Section Used as Column Length of Base Plate Width of Base Plate Thickness of Base Plate Weight of Legs
= tc = Wc =
A36 11 mm 9108 lbs
C)
= =
C15 x 50 2618 lbs
D)
Tr = Wr =
9 mm 13955 lbs
E)
We =
3399 lbs
F)
B N tb Wl
= = = = =
W12 x 336 101 mm 216 mm 133 mm 80825 lbs
G) Weight Summary: I) Weight (AF) II) Miscellaneous Weight added (Optional) III) Total Weight (I + II)
W = WM = WT = WT =
158889 lbs 2000 lbs 160889 lbs 73.13 Tons
HAND RAIL ROOF
ST
CA
Sample Silo
SHELL
STRUT
SUPPORTING LEG

Silo

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Do not print this sheet, it contains only information as how to design a Silo?

or example, if 2 courses are used,

SILO DESIGN INPUTS

Liquid Level Material A36 Sd= 23200

200 600 650

SILO SHELL DESIGN

DDFC Doc. No.:

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.273 in 0.313 0.313 0.010 0.323 0.32 9.00 in in in in in mm

Ref: API 650, 3.6.3

Minimum Required Thickness ,

for D = 200 in,

UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.255 in 0.010 in 0.265 in 0.27 in 7.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Increase thickness of Course 2

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.237 in 0.010 in 0.247 in 0.50 in 13.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.219 in 0.010 in 0.229 in 0.48 in 13.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.219 in 0.010 in 0.229 in 0.45 in 12.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.201 in 0.010 in 0.211 in

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

DDFC Doc. No.:

Used shell course thickness for 6th course

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

DDFC Doc. No.:

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.183 in 0.010 in 0.193 in 0.400 in 11.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.165 in 0.010 in 0.174 in 0.375 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.146 in 0.009 in 0.155 in 0.375 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.128 in 0.008 in 0.136 in 0.375 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.110 in 0.007 in 0.117 in 0.375 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.104 in 0.006 in 0.110 in 0.375 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

DDFC Doc. No.:

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.104 in 0.006 in 0.110 in 0.375 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.104 in 0.006 in 0.110 in 0.375 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

[ 2.6 x D x (H - 1) x G / (21000 E) ] + CA 0.104 in 0.006 in 0.110 in 0.38 in 10.00 mm

Ref:API 650,A.3 UG-16, ASME VIII, Div.1

Shell thickness used is satisfactory

DDFC Doc. No.:

CONICAL BOTTOM DESIGN

A36 20000 50 8.33 50.00 1 70.00 0.85 0.125 9.93