Values and Attitudes

Values

Basic convictions that a specic mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence

Value System A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of their intensity. Importance of Values Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures. Inuence our perception of the world around us Represent interpretations of right and wrong Values generally inuence attitude and behavior

Types of Values Rokeach Value Survey 1. Terminal Values Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime. 2. Instrumental Values Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving ones terminal values

Terminal Values A comfortable life (a prosperous life) An exciting life (a stimulating, active life) A sense of accomplishment (lasting contribution) A world of peace (free of war and conflict) A world of beauty (beauty of nature and arts) Equality (brotherhood, equal opportunity for all) Family security (taking care of loved ones) Freedom (independence, free choice)

Instrumental Values Ambitious ( hard working, aspiring) Broad-minded (open-minded) Capable (competent, efficient) Cheerful (lighthearted, joyful) Clean (neat, tidy) Courageous (standing up for your beliefs) Forgiving (willing to pardon others) Helpful (working for the welfare of others)

Happiness (contentedness) Inner harmony (freedom from inner conflict) Mature love (sexual and spiritual intimacy) National security (protection from attack) Pleasure (an enjoyable, leisure life) Salvation (saved, eternal life) Self-respect (self-esteem) Social recognition (respect, admiration) True friendship (close companionship) Wisdom (a mature understanding of life)

Honest (sincere, truthful) Imaginative (daring, creative) Independent (self-reliant, self-sufficient) Intellectual (intelligent, reflective) Logical (consistent, rational) Loving (affectionate, tender) Obedient (dutiful, respectful) Polite (courteousness, well-mannered) Responsible (dependable, reliable) Self-controlled (restrained, self-disciplined)

Types of Attitudes

]ob Satisfaction A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual holds toward his or her job. Job Involvement Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worth. Organizational Commitment Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization.

Job Satisfaction

Measuring ]ob Satisfaction - Single global rating - Summation score How Satised Are People in Their Jobs? - First, job satisfaction levels in the United States appear to be dropping - Declined to 50.4% in 2oo2 - Second, research shows that satisfaction levels vary a lot depending on which facet of job satisfaction you're talking

THE EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE Satisfaction and Job Performance Happy workers are more likely to be productive workers Organizations with more satised employees tend to be more effective Satisfaction and Absenteeism Satised employees have fewer avoidable absences Satisfaction and Turnover Satised employees are less likely to quit Organizations take actions to retain high performers and to weed out lower performers