12/19/12 Fuse Selection Guide

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TECHNICALPAPER
FuseSelectionGuide:
Surface-mountChipFuses
12/19/12 Fuse Selection Guide
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SelectingTycoElectronicsSurface-mountChipFuses
Fuseselectionseemsstraightforwardinthatyoupickonewhich
hasacurrentratingjustabithigherthanyourworstcasesystem
operating current. Unfortunately, its not that simple. There are
derating considerations for operating current and application
temperature.Turn-onandothersystemoperations(likeprocessor
speedchangesormotorstartup)causecurrentsurgesorspikes
thatalsorequireconsiderationwhenselectingafuse.Soselecting
therightfuseforyourapplicationisnotassimpleasknowingthe
nominal current drawn by the system. However, by following the
guidelinepresentedinthispaper,selectingtheproperfusedoes
becomeastraightforwardprocess.
FuseSelectionFlowchart
The basic considerations for fuse selection are shown in the
owchartpresentedinFigure1.Followingthisowchartwillhelp
youselectafusebestsuitedforyourapplicationconditions.
SteadyStateDerating
ItisrecommendedthatTycoElectronicssurface-mountchipfuses
notbeoperatedatsteadystatecurrentsgreaterthan75%ofthe
nominal25Ccurrentrating.
ApplyStandardDerating(75%)
I
fuse
I
sys
/0.75
Where:
I
fuse
istherateddatasheetcurrentat25C
I
sys
isthenominalsteadystatesystemcurrent
TemperatureDerating
A fuse is a temperature sensitive device. Therefore, operating
temperaturewillhaveaneffectonfuseperformanceandlifetime.
Operatingtemperatureshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhen
selectingthefusecurrentrating.TheThermalDeratingCurvefor
TycoElectronicssurface-mountchipfusesispresentedinFigure
2.Useittodeterminethederatingpercentagebasedonoperating
temperatureandapplyittothederatedsystemcurrent.
ApplyTemperatureDerating
Theminimumfusecurrentratingisdeterminedbythefollowing
formula:
I
fuse
(I
sys
/0.75)/K
temp
Where:
K
temp
is the % derating determined from the Thermal Derating
CurveinFigure2
ApplicationCurrent
Fuses require derating for both steady state and transient state
conditions. The nal current rating for the fuse used in any
application will be a combination of both of these effects. It is
easiest to analyze the derating requirements separately for the
twoconditions.Someapplicationsmaynotrequireconsideration
oftransientcurrents.
Iftherearenopulsecurrentspresentintheapplication,thenthe
fusecurrentratingmaybeselected.Finally,onlythevoltagerating
mustbereviewedfornalfusepartnumberselection.
Example 1 Select a fuse for a system that draws 1.0 amp
steady state during normal operation and operates at ambient
temperaturesupto70C.Ignoringfornowthevoltagerequirement,
what is the minimum required current rating for the fuse in this
application?
I
fuse
(I
sys
/0.75)/K
temp
Where:
I
sys
=1.0A
K
temp
=88%(determinedfromFigure2)
I
fuse
(1.0A/0.75)/0.88
I
fuse
1.52A
Soafusewithacurrentratingabove1.52Ashouldbeselected.
Step1
DetermineSteady
StateFuseCurrent
Rating
ApplyStandard
SteadyState
Derating(75%)
[I
fuse
I
sys
/0.75]
Apply
Temperature
Derating
[I
fuse
I
sys
/0.75/K
temp
]
SteadyState
FuseCurrent
Rating
Step2 Determine
PulseWaveformby
CalculatingI
2
t
Step3 ApplyPulse
CycleDerating
Step4 ApplyPulse
TemperatureDerating
Step5 Apply
DeratingforVariance
intheCircuit
Step6 SelectFuse
CurrentRatingfor
PulseEnvironment
Step7 SelectFuseCurrentRating
(usehighervaluebetweenStep1
andStep6)
Step8 CheckVoltageRating
ThemalDeratingCurve
-55 -45 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 70 85 95 105 115 125
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MaximumOperatingTemperature(C)


























88%
Figure1. Fuse Selection Flowchart
Figure2. ThermalDeratingCurve
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2

TransientStateorPulseDerating
ThetermPulseisusedtodescribeanytypeoftransientcurrent
that may be applied to the fuse. Common examples of pulses
are inrush currents observed at system turn-on, motor start-up
currents and more extended duration peak currents observed
duringhighspeedprocessingactivityincomputingsystems.
These pulses have an effect on the fuse element because the
transient heating they induce causes thermal cycling within the
device.Overalargenumberofpulses,thiscanaffectthelifeofthe
fuse.Therefore,thepulseenergyandthenumberoftimesthefuse
maybesubjectedtothepulsemustbeconsideredwhenselecting
theproperfusefortheapplication.
The I
2
t parameter provides a measure of the fuses ability to
withstandtheenergyofapulse.BydeterminingtheI
2
tenergyof
thepulse,itcanbecomparedtothefusesI
2
tcurvetodetermine
whattheratedcurrentofthefusemustbetohelpensurereliable
operationofthefuse.
DeterminePulseWaveform
CalculatingPulseI
2
t The energy contained in a current pulse
dependsonthepulsewaveformsshape,peakcurrentandduration.
ThebasicformulaforI
2
tis:
I
2
t=
o

t
[A(t)]
2
dt
Figure 3 presents the most common current waveforms and
simpliedequationsfortheirI
2
t.Inmostsystems,currentwaveforms
couldbeapproximatedaseitheroneofthoseonFigure3ortheir
sequence.IncaseofsuchasequencetheresultingI
2
tisthesumof
I
2
tofthoseindividualwaveforms.
PulseCycleDerating
Once the I
2
t value for the application waveform has been
determined, it must be derated based on the number of cycles
expected over the system lifetime. Since the stress induced by
thecurrentpulseismechanicalinnature,thenumberoftimesthe
stress is applied has signicant bearing on how much derating
mustbeappliedtothefuserating.Figure4presentsthecurrent
pulsederatingcurveforTycoElectronicssurface-mountchipfuses
upto100,000cycles.
PulseTemperatureDerating
Oncethepulsecyclederatinghasbeenappliedtothecalculated
I
2
t value, derating for operating temperature should be applied
accordingtothethermalderatingcurveshowninFigure2.
AllowanceforCircuitVariation
Applyanadditional30%safetymargintotoleratethevariances
introducedbyothercomponentsinthecircuit.
ThederatedI
2
tvaluecanthenbeusedtodeterminetheratedfuse
current.ThisisdonebyreferringtotheminimalfuseI
2
tvsclear
timecurves.Thebestwaytoexplainhowthisisdoneisthrough
anexample.
Example2 Selecta0603sizefusethatcanhandlea1.0Asteady
state system current, is subjected to a capacitor charging turn-
onpulse,peaksat6ampsandlasts.005sec.Thesystemrunsat
24V
DC
,expectstosee100,000cyclesoveritslifetimeandnormally
operatesat70C.
Step 1 Apply the 75% steady state derating and the 88%
thermalderatingat70CasdeterminedinExample1.
I
fuse
(I
sys
/0.75)/K
temp
Where:
I
sys
=1.0A
K
temp
=88%(determinedfromFigure2)
I
fuse
(1.0A/0.75)/0.88
I
fuse
1.52A
Thisistheminimumcurrentratingthefusemusthavetoproperly
protectthesystemundersteadystateconditionsonly.Reviewing
thedatasheetindicatesthe0603SFF200F/32istherecommended
device.(SeetablesinAppendixE.)
PulseWaveforms Formulas
OR
t
t
t
t
t
t
i
b
1
2
3
4
5
6
I
2
t=i
p
2
t
I
2
t=(i
a
2
+ i
a
i
b
+ i
b
2
)t
I
2
t =i
p
2
t
I
2
t=ip
2
t
I
2
t=i
p
2
t
I
2
t= i
p
2
t
i
p
i
p
i
p
i
p
i
p
i
a
PulseDeratingCurve
100 1000 10,000 100,000
100%
10%
NumberofPulses














Figure4. Surface-mountChipFusePulseDeratingCurve
12/19/12 Fuse Selection Guide
4/14 www.scribd.com/doc/55466732/Fuse-Selection-Guide
Step 2 Determine which pulse waveform in Figure 3 most
closelyrepresentstheapplicationandcalculatethewaveforms
I
2
tvalue.
t
I t=i
p
t
Figure3. WaveformI
2
tFormulas
3
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Sinceacapacitormustbechargedeverytimethesystemispowered,thefusewill
besubjectedtoacurrentpulsemostlikethatofwaveform#4inFigure3.Using
theassociatedformula,theI
2
tvalueiscalculatedas:
I
2
t
pulse
=(1/2)(6A)
2
x0.005sec
I
2
t
pulse
=0.09A
2
sec
Step3ApplyPulseCycleDeratingDeratetheI
2
tvaluebasedonthenumber
ofcyclesrequiredbytheapplication.
At100,000pulses,Figure4indicatesa40%deratingoftheI
2
tvalueisrequired.
I
2
t
dpulse
=0.09/0.4A
2
sec
I
2
t
dpulse
=0.225A
2
sec
Where:I
2
tdpulse isthederatedvalueforpulsewaveforms.
Step4ApplyPulseTemperatureDeratingDeratetheI
2
tvaluebasedon
systemoperatingtemperature.Inthisexampleapply88%thermalderatingat
70CfromFigure2.
I
2
t
dpulse
=0.225/0.88A
2
sec
I
2
t
dpulse
=0.256A
2
sec
Step 5 Apply Derating for Variance in the Circuit Apply 30% safety
margin (divide by 0.7) for variance introduced by other components in the
application.
I
2
t
dpulse
=0.256/0.7A
2
sec
I
2
t
dpulse
=0.365A
2
sec
Step6SelectFuseCurrentRatingforPulseEnvironmentDeterminewhich
fusehasanI
2
tratinggreaterthanI
2
t
dpulse
at.005sec.TheminimumI
2
tversus
cleartimecanbefoundinFigure5forFast-ActingFusesandFigure6forSlow-
BlowFuses.(LargerchartsareavailableinAppendicesAandC).
UsingFigure5,theFast-Acting0603SFFFamilyMinimumI
2
tvsClearTimecurves,
itcanbedeterminedthatCurveHhasanI
2
tvaluegreaterthan0.365A
2
secat
.005sec.Thismeansthata3.5Afuse,partnumber0603SFF350F/32,wouldmeet
thepulseand cyclederatingrequirementsforthisapplicationexample.Referto
AppendixEforpartnumberselection.
UsingtheSlow-Blow0603SFSFamilyMinimumI
2
tvsClearTimeCurvesinFigure
6,itcanbedeterminedthatCurveChasanI
2
tvaluegreaterthan0.365A
2
secat
.005sec.Thismeansthata2.0Afuse,0603SFS200F/32,willmeetthisapplication
examplerequirement.RefertoAppendixEforpartnumberselection.
Step 7 Select Fuse Current Rating Compare the steady state current
requirementfromStep1tothecurrentrequirementforthepulseenvironment
inStep6anddeterminewhichvalueishigher.Thehighervaluewilldenethe
nalfusecurrentrating.
In this case for the steady state condition, a 2.0A Fast-Acting Fuse from the
0603SFFFamilyisrecommended.However,applyingthepulsecondition,a3.5A
Fast-ActingFusefromthe0603SFFFamilyora2.0ASlow-BlowFusefromthe
0603SFSFamilycouldbeused.The3.5AFast-ActingFusehasahighercurrent
ratingthanthe2.0AFast-ActingFuse;therefore,the2.0AFast-ActingFusecanbe
eliminatedasanoptionforthisapplicationexample.Now,thechoiceisbetween
the3.5AFast-ActingFuseandthe2.0ASlow-BlowFuse.Fast-ActingFusesopen
veryquicklyinresponsetoanovercurrentconditionandtransientcurrentspikes
not part of their normal operation. Slow-Blow Fuses have a delayed opening
sustainedinovercurrentconditionsorexpectedpulsedcurrents.Sincethisisan
applicationwherethefusewillbesubjectedtoacurrentpulse,aSlow-BlowFuse
isabetterchoice.
Step 8 Check Voltage Rating The system voltage is 24V. The
0603SFF350F/32and0603SFS200F/32areratedforuseat32V
DC
.Theyboth
meetthevoltagerequirements.
NOTE: Thefuseselectionmethodpresentedinthispaperisintendedasaguidelinetodeterminethefuse
mostsuitableforanapplication.Werecommendtestingthefuseintheactualapplicationwiththeworstcase
scenariotoconrmsuitableperformance.Wealsorecommendverifyingfuseclearingtimetoensurethatthe
rightfuseisselectedtoprovidetheprotectionneededforthecircuitandcomplieswithrequiredregulatory
andsafetystandards.Visitourwebsiteatwww.circuitprotection.comforthemostuptodateinformation.
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time(sec.)
0603SFF (Fast-Acting) Family
MinimumI
2
tvsClearTimeCurves*














A
A = 0.5A
B = 0.75A
C = 1.0A
D = 1.5A
E = 2.0A
F = 2.5A
G = 3.0A
H = 3.5A
I = 4.0A
J = 5.0A
K = 6.0A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
I
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time(sec.)
0603SFS(Slow-Blow)Family
MinimumI
2
tvsClearTimeCurves*
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01















A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
A = 1.0A
B = 1.5A
C = 2.0A
D = 2.5A
E = 3.0A
F = 3.5A
G = 4.0A
H = 4.5A
I = 5.0A
Figure5. 0603SFF(Fast-Acting)FamilyMinimumI
2
tvs
ClearTimeCurves
Figure6. 0603SFS(Slow-Blow)FamilyMinimumI
2
tvs
ClearTimeCurves
12/19/12 Fuse Selection Guide
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andsafetystandards.Visitourwebsiteatwww.circuitprotection.comforthemostuptodateinformation.
*Pleasenotecleartimecurvesareminimumthreshold,nottypical.
4
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