School of Sciences and Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department MENG 342-81 Lab Report 6 Control Charts (P, nP and

MR charts)

Prof. Hatem Elayat T.A: Moukhtar Kamel

By:

Submission date: October 22nd, 2011

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Table of contents: Introduction Control Charts Experimental Data and Calculations Discussion and Conclusion References page 3 page 4 page 5 page 6 page 7

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Introduction: Attributes Control Charts: is a statistical tool used to distinguish variations in a process by classifying each inspected item as either conforming or nonconforming to the specifications of that quality characteristic. Types of Control charts: 1- Control chart for fraction nonconforming ( p chart ) 2- Control chart for nonconformities (c chart ) 3- Control chart for nonconformities per unit (u chart )

Attributes charts are generally not as informative as variables charts because there is typically more information in a numerical measurement than in merely classifying a unit as conforming or nonconforming. However, attributes charts do have important applications. They are particularly useful in service industries and in nonmanufacturing quality improvement efforts because so many of the quality characteristics found in these environments are not easily measured on a numerical scale.

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The control chart for fraction nonconforming (p chart): The fraction nonconforming is the ration of the number of nonconforming items in a population to the total number of items in that population. The statistic estimates the unknown fraction nonconforming p. The

centerline and control limits of the control chart for fraction nonconforming are computed as follows: UCL=

Center Line=

LCL= Where and Di in the number of non conforming units in a sample. The control chart for number nonconforming (np chart): Its also possible to base a control chart on the number of nonconforming rather than the fraction nonconforming. This is called an number nonconforming (np) control chart. The parameters of this chart are: UCL= Center Line= LCL=

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Individual X and Moving Range charts: They are a set of control charts for variables data (data that is both quantitative and continuous in measurement). The individual-X chart monitors the process location over time, based on the current subgroup, containing a single observation. The moving range chart monitors the variation between consecutive subgroups over time. Constructing X charts: 1- Small sample are collected in equal spaces intervals of time

2- The mean is calculated for each sample 3- For each sample, the range is calculated: Range = Xlargest-Xsmallest 4- Upper and lower limits for X chart is calculated using the following equations:

Constructing the Moving Range chart: UCL= D4

CL=

LCL= D3

Experimental Data and Calculations: are attached in MS Excel Sheets

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Discussion & Conclusion:

1- Points falling out of control: a) P chart: Sample 14 was below LCL b) nP chart didnt show any out of control observations c) X chart: Sample 13 was below LCL d) MR chart: Sample 8,9 were above UCL 2- Points which has a pattern: There is no patterns 3- Alarming points: a) MR chart: Sample 4 is just on the LCL

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References: 1- Montgomery, Douglas C., Statistical Quality Control A Modern Introduction, Six Edition, 2009, John Wiley & sons, 2- Basic tools for process improvement, Control Chart, http://www.doh.state.fl.us/hpi/pdf/ControlChart2.pdf

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