SURVEY ON

SUGARCANE SITUATION IN DIKHAN & BANNU DISTRICTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

CONDUCTED BY:

Muhammad Khan, Director Seed, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Fazli Rahman, Director MFSCs, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Farhat Abbass Durrani, Dev. Assistant,DGA (E) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 DIKhan District Profile ............................................................................................................................. 3 Map of DIKhan ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Demographic View of Reported Area ..................................................................................................... 6 Demographic View of Cultivated Area (2010-11) ................................................................................... 6 Salient Features of Chashma Right Bank Canal ...................................................................................... 7 Area & Production of Sugarcane Crop in DIKhan & Bannu Districts....................................................... 8 Demographic View of Area and Production of Sugar Cane Crop in DIKhan and Bannu Districts ........... 9 METHODOLOGY: ................................................................................................................................... 10 Visit of the area. .................................................................................................................................... 10 Meeting with District Director Agriculture DI Khan. ............................................................................. 10 Meeting Crop Reporting Services DI Khan: ........................................................................................... 10 Visits to the Sugar Mills......................................................................................................................... 10 Visit to different Check posts of Punjab................................................................................................ 11 Interview with the local Sugar Cane growers. ...................................................................................... 11 FINDINGS:.............................................................................................................................................. 12 CONLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Pictorial ................................................................................................................................................. 15

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We acknowledge this effort to auspicious guide lines given by worthy Director General Agriculture (Extension) whose expert opinion and vision was in accompany with during the survey. The province though have a lot potential to explore and exploit yet viable planning and necessary investments would boost the economy to a level that would be exemplary to the rest of the world. Mr.Sardar Ali,District Director Agriculture DIKhan remained intact during the survey and his long stay at DIKhan made him an agricultural encyclopedia of DIKhan as every nick and corner were well known to him.

Sugar Mills administration and local Crop Reporting Services authorities, though have some derivative figures, yet their efforts in data collection, its compilation and authentication cannot be left un-recognized. They may have a bit more professional and congenial in provision of figurative information which can be made easiest with daily basis computing of field operations.

INTRODUCTION
Sugarcane is an important industrial and cash crop in Pakistan and in many countries of the world. It is grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world in a range of climates from hot dry environment near sea level to cool and moist environment at higher elevations. Sugarcane is grown on an area of more or less one million hectares in Pakistan. The Punjab shares 62 %, Sindh 26 % and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa shares 16 % of the total area. In respect of cane yield Sindh with 53 t/ha is the leading province followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 45 t/ ha and Punjab 40 t/ ha .
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In Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa, it is mainly grown for sugar and Gur production. It is a good source of income and employment for the farming community of the province. It provide raw materials for industries like sugar, chip board, paper, barrages, confectionery, uses in chemicals, plastics, paints, synthetics, fiber, insecticides and detergents. Area of Sugarcane in the province has increased during course of time. In order to increase the production of sugar cane several steps were taken by the Govt. and the sugar mill association to help farmers. In past several reports/research works to increase the production were published on different process which include chemical composition as well as agricultural reforms/steps to increase the recovery and %age yield. Main Sugar Cane growing Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are Mardan, Charsadda, Swabi, Malakand, Peshawar, Nowshera, Bannu and DI Khan. In the Central Districts Sugar Cane is grown since long, while in Southern Districts especially DI Khan, the cultivation of the crop gained momentum after the completion of CRBC. In the pre-CRBC period, main crops of the area were wheat 60%, cotton 20% paddy 15%, gram 15%, oil seed 5%, Fodders 10%, Vegetables and orchards 10%. Sugar Cane cultivation was also grown on 20%, limited only to tube wells and on some area of Paharpur Irrigation Canal as the water requirement for this crop is more as compared to the above mentioned crops.

After the completion CRBC, changes occurred in the cropping pattern and Sugar Cane occupied major portion of the command area. The following table shows the increase in area of sugar Cane crop at DIKhan. In Bannu, main crops are wheat, barley, gram, turmeric, maize, rice, Vegetables, Oil seed, fodders, fruits, pulses and Sugarcane.

DIKhan District Profile

D.I.Khan is the southernmost district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Geographically, D.I.Khan district stretches between 310 15 to 320 32 North latitude and 700 11 to 710 20 East longitude. Here, water is one of the most valuable natural resources. There is a great potential for water resource development in general and irrigation development in particular. Nevertheless, so far very little progress has been made in this respect. Likewise, in D.I.Khan uncertain climatic factors also become barriers in the development process, including arid to semi-arid climatic condition. In the study area Rod Kohi (hill torrent irrigation), lift irrigation, flood irrigation and canal irrigation are the major form of irrigation. However, Rainfed (Barani) farming dominates the land use. However, erratic rainfall largely results in crop failure before ripening. Therefore the yields are comparatively low. Contrary to this, irrigation has the potential to bring large scale transformation in the land use, cropping pattern and cropping intensity (Ali, et al., 2004). Historically, it had been a human effort to bring water through canal irrigation systems in the arid and semi-arid area.
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In district D.I.Khan, dry conditions remained the major limiting factor in changing land use and cropping system. Therefore, an intervention was made in the form of Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC) during 1987. The Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Scheme is a large irrigation network spread over the two provinces i.e. KPK and Punjab. The total canal command area is 250,000 ha, out of which 152,500 ha is in D.I.Khan district (Ahmad, 1993; WAPDA, 1995). The ultimate goal of the Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (CRBIP) was to increase agricultural productivity and strengthening institutional support in the agriculture sector (WAPDA, 2002). All these goals were aimed to alleviate poverty in the area (ADB, 1987). Availability of water through large-scale surface irrigation in this arid tract has brought revolutionary changes in both physical and cultural environment. Prior to the construction of CRBIP, the cropping intensity of D.I.Khan district was 28%. One of the objectives of CRBIP was to raise cropping intensity from mere 28% to 143% in the CRBC command area.

This paper is aimed to investigate the ex post impacts evaluation of CRBIP on the cropping intensity of D.I.Khan district. This is a sort of pioneering study of its nature in evaluating irrigation projects in Pakistan. In this paper analysis has been made at two levels i.e. micro and macro. This study may be used as a guideline for decision makers, planners to assess land use efficiency of irrigation projects in future.

Map of DIKhan

Demographic View of Reported Area

District Wise Reported Area Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Hectares)

Malakand, 52,134

Bunir, 172,431 Swat, 506,528

Haripur, 186,182 Abbottabad, 178,401

Kohistan, 758,116

Tank, 165,599

D.I.Khan, 730,575
Other, 1,835,348 Mansehra, 439,423

Battagram, 92,997

Bannu, 118,958

Lakki Marwat, 314,973

Chitral, 98,671 Dir Lower, Shangla, 142,638 137,434

Karak, 265,215 Hangu, 132,258

Kohat, 295,070

Dir Upper, 126,500

Peshawar, 126,661 Swabi, 148,689 Mardan, 185,576 Nowshera, 169,470 Charsadda, 98,641

Demographic View of Cultivated Area (2010-11)

District Wise Reported Area Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Hectares)

Malakand, 52,134

Bunir, 172,431 Swat, 506,528

Haripur, 186,182 Abbottabad, 178,401

Kohistan, 758,116

Tank, 165,599

D.I.Khan, 730,575
Other, 1,835,348 Mansehra, 439,423

Battagram, 92,997

Bannu, 118,958

Lakki Marwat, 314,973

Chitral, 98,671 Dir Lower, Shangla, 142,638 137,434

Karak, 265,215 Hangu, 132,258

Kohat, 295,070

Dir Upper, 126,500

Peshawar, 126,661 Swabi, 148,689 Mardan, 185,576 Nowshera, 169,470 Charsadda, 98,641

Salient Features of Chashma Right Bank Canal

1. Cultivable Command Area K.P.K Punjab 2. i. Length of Canal K.P.K Punjab ii. Distributaries Nos/Length K.P.K Punjab Stage-I Stage-II Stage-III(K.P.K) Punjab 606,000 Acres /245,240 Hectares 366,000 Acres /148,115 Hectares 240000 Acres /97,125 Hectares 170 Miles/274 KMs 106 Miles/171 KMs 64 Miles/103 KMs 72 42 30 13 15 14 30 No iii. Flood Carrier Channel Stage-I Stage-II Stage-III Total 3. Discharge Capacity K.P.K Punjab 4. Financial Status Approved PC-I (4th Revision) Stage-I Stage-II Stage-III Expenditure Incurred (Upto June2005) 5. Date of completion 6. Water Allowance 7. Cropping Intensity prior to inception of the Project 8. Ultimate Cropping Intensity on full development of the Project Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos 666 Miles/ 1065 KMs 391 Miles /625 KMs 275 Miles /440 KMs 141 Miles/227 KMs 105 Miles/168 KMs 145 Miles/230 KMs 275 Miles /440 KMs Length in (Ft.) Disch: in (Cusecs) 149,160 140,800 459,000 748,960

18 264,000 22 727,0516 27 898,834 67 1,888,885 475.70 KMs. 21,208 Cumecs 4879 Cusecs/ 138.16 Cumecs 3045 Cusecs/86.23 Cumecs 1,834 Cusecs/ 51.93 Cumecs Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 17,096.865 Million 2,491 Million 2,334 Million 12,272 Million

Rs. 17004.197 Million December, 2003 7.62 Cs / 1000 Acres 28% 142%

Project Concept Stage_I Length Commenced Completed CCA Water Allocation Distributaries Cost Stage_II Length Commenced Completed CCA Water Allocation Distributaries Cost Stage_III Length Commenced Completed CCA Water Allocation Distributaries Cost Donors Stage_I Stage_II Stage_III 52 miles 1978 1986 150,000 Acres 1226 Cusecs 13 Nos Rs. 2491 million (as per 4th Revised PC-I). 24 miles 1988 1994 94,000 Acres 800 Cusecs 15 Nos Rs. 2,334 million (as per 4th Revised PC-I). 94 miles (K.P.K 30 Miles & Punjab = 64 Miles 1995 2003 362,000 Acres K.P.K = 126,000 & Punjab=236,000 2853 Cusecs K.P.K = 1053 & Punjab = 1800 44 Nos K.P.K=14 Nos & Punjab = 30 Nos Rs. 12,272 Million ADB KfW GOP 79% 21% 79% 65% 14% 21% 21%

Area & Production of Sugarcane Crop in DIKhan & Bannu Districts

Year Sugar Cane Area (Hact) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 5556 5560 4733 4513 5431 Production (In M.Tons) 197266 200181 172618 166773 202595
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Year

Sugar Cane Area (Hact) Production (In M.Tons) 298640 434125 480763 491294 351716

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

7110 10320 11406 11577 8264

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

5784 6289 7868 8665 8790 8061

216442 236389 297111 327831 352784 327707

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

10884 12897 10083 10726 11853 12434

472366 577527 423456 455426 497824 522226

(Source: Crop Reporting Services DI Khan District)

Demographic View of Area and Production of Sugar Cane Crop in DIKhan and Bannu Districts
Area & Production of Sugarcane in DIKhan & Bannu Districts Area "Hectares" Production "Tones"

600000

500000

400000

Area 300000
Production

200000

100000

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Area

METHODOLOGY:
In this study, the following tools/procedure was used to collect the required information.

Visit of the area.

Major portion of the Sugarcane growing area was visited to get information about varieties, area and condition of the crop. In addition cropping pattern, water availability and farming system.

Meeting with District Director Agriculture DI Khan.

Met with District Director Agriculture DIKhan,Mr.Saradr Ali Marwat and collected information about CRBC, cropping pattern of DI Khan general Agriculture statistics. He also accompanied the team during the field visit.

Meeting Crop Reporting Services DI Khan:

Mr. Munir Ahmad, statistical Officer of Crop Reporting Services DI Khan provided statistical data about Sugarcane in DI Khan.

Visits to the Sugar Mills.

Visited Chasma-1, Chasma-2 and Tandliawala (Miran) Sugar Mills in DI Khan along with DDA and collected the required information. In Bannu, there is one sugar Mill i.e. Bannu Sugar Mill Pvt Ltd was visited. These mills were visited for getting

information about daily crushing capacity, total crushing, No of crushing days, recovery and supply of Sugarcane from own District and from other Districts/Punjab.
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Visit to different Check posts of Punjab.

Different Check posts of Punjab issuing Indents to growers supplying Sugarcane to Sugar Mills at DI Khan in order to collect information about the daily/seasonal

sugarcane supply from Punjab.

Interview with the local Sugar Cane growers.

Interviewed some of the Sugarcane growers and collected information regarding their problems in selling the crop to the mills i.e. price, deduction and payment etc. Moreover information about cost of production, varieties, cropping pattern and Irrigation Agronomy were also collected.

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FINDINGS:
Based on the above methodology, the following findings were obtained. . . Before CRBC in DI Khan the sugarcane was grown on 20% of the area. According to the statistics of Crop Reporting services, the total area of Sugarcane acres in year 2011 is 30712 acres, while the actual area being calculated as per information collected from farmers, area survey, check posts and mills, is about 140000-145000 acres. . . It was also founded that the Sugar Mills at DI Khan getting about 40-45% Sugarcane from Punjab. In Bannu, the Bannu Sugar Mill is getting 30% from own District and 5% from Kohat, 5% from Tank and 50-60% from DI Khan and 10-15% from Mianwali (Punjab). . According to the grower statement, there is severe shortage of irrigation water as in the Kachkot Marwat Canal, only 5% water is available for the crops. Similarly, the Bannu canal is 6o% operational. Tube well is providing water to 10% of the area at present. . . Growers told that the actual daily crushing capacity is more than told by the Sugar mills administration. According to the growers statement, each Sugar mill is deducting about 50-70 monds from each trolley having weight of 450-500 monds. In some cases it is even more than that. . . Growers complained that each mill usually reduces their crushing rate in order to compel them to sell their crop at the sweet will of the mill owners As per statement of the growers, each mill has their own contractors, who are purchasing cane outside the mill @ 160-162 per momd from the growers and sell the same to the mill @ 170/mond and in this way causing Rs. 8-10 per mond loss to the growers. . Some of the growers are planting Co 1148 variety, giving good ratoon crop. The mills are discouraging this variety by claiming low sugar recovery. Other varieties grown are CP-246, 242, 555, 77/400, 5121 and CP 65-357 etc.

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Due to continuous growing of Sugarcane crop, the problem of water logging is increasing. Moreover, due to its high exhaustive nature, the fertility of the land is decreasing at a rapid rate. Most of the farmers apply only nitrogenous fertilizers and pay less or no attention to phosphatic fertilizers due to which the soil of the area is loosing its fertility at a rapid speed. Once the soil lose the fertility, it will be very difficult to recover the same.

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Sugar beet is grown in DIK but it has not been reported by the Crop Reporting services of DIK. The area of Sugarcane is increasing with the rapid speed. This is affecting the whole cropping pattern. Due to which not only the area of other important crops like wheat, maize, cotton and oil seed is decreasing but their yield has also been decreased. Because the farmers use maximum water to sugarcane crop.

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Year District Sugar Mill Total Crusing days Chasma-1 Merin Chasma-2 110 110 110 110 70-90 Total Crusing Capicity Daily Crushing From Total Recovery Crushing from other crushing (%age) (M.T) home Distt (M.Tons) Distt. /Province 12000 11000 449403 410460 859863 8.7 11000 8000 10000 2000 8000 7000 7000 33000 1600 704000 577500 577500 2308403 68000 176000 192500 192500 971460 226668 880000 770000 770000 3279863 294667 7.5 7.5 7.9 8.15

DIKhan

2010-11

Bannu

Almoiz Total Bannu Sugar Mills Pvt Ltd.

Note: Almoiz has also crushing sugar beet grown on 1800 acres

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CONLUSION
Based on survey conducted it can be concluded that: The present area of Sugarcane in DI Khan could not fulfill the demands of the already four established Sugar Mills. At present more than 40% of the Cane is being received from Punjab. If the area of Sugarcane is increased further, it will not only reduce the area for other important crops especially wheat, Cotton and vegetables but will also cause great reduction in their per acre yield. Further more increase in Sugarcane area will increase water application resulting water logging problem. In addition it will develop mono crop culture resulting outbreak of insect pests and diseases coupled with deteriorating soil fertility. The increase in area of Sugarcane will reduce cotton crop area which will cause serious set back to Govt: exchequer as major portion of foreign exchange is coming from cotton. The District will also face food problem and will relay on other Districts and Province. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has witnessed several food crises in the past. To ensure dietary needs of the rapidly growing population in future as well as to generate surplus for export to earn foreign exchange for financing economic development of the province/ country, there is need to formulate and implement need based policies and approaches.

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Pictorial

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