Modern Approach in Geological Research

PENDEKATAN BARU DALAM RISET GEOLOGI
Studi Kasus: Kutai Basin East Kalimantan By: ERY ARIFULLAH Geology Specialist
Monday, December 24, 2012
Penemuan terbesar dari generasi kita adalah bahwa manusia dapat mengubah kehidupan mereka dengan mengubah cara berpikir mereka.
William James
V.I.S.I.O.N
Nothing Happens Unless First A Dream
Carl Sanburg
Objectives and Targets

Objectives:

Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges.

Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources.

Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources. - to straight geological principles, applications and opportunity

Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources. - to straight geological principles, applications and opportunity - to optimize using geological data and thinking with new solutions in exploration.

Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources. - to straight geological principles, applications and opportunity - to optimize using geological data and thinking with new solutions in exploration. Targets : students, lecturer, and stake holder.
LATAR BELAKANG: Kesalahan Praktis Dalam Eksplorasi
THE FACTS
Petroleum Exploration: Very complex reservoir heterogenity, quality and geometry. Detailed facies analysis. Detailed and optimize stratigraphic correlations. Understanding petroleum system due with basin analysis. Optimize old data (geochemistry, petrophysics, cutting, geophysics: logging,
PROBLEMS IN COAL EXPLORATION

Abrubt change of lithology type, terminated seams. Why the coals have different quality (ash, S), geometry and distribution. How to use and optimize new or old available data (ash, S and thickness) to reconstuct the paleogeographic, isopach and iso-ash, iso-S and etc. How to optimize the wireline logging data?
Mendefinisikan Formasi
HANYA BERDASARKAN ciri litologi. Tidak ada unsur TAFSIRAN!!! Mencampuradukkan antara ciri litologi dan tafsiran umur geologi mengakibatkan:
Kesalahan dalam pembuatan peta geologi dan korelasi bawah permukaan. Kesalahan PROSPEKSI!!!
Basic principles in geology
Basic principles in geology

Time and space correlation NOT process and physical correlation lithostratigraphy NOT absolute with some exceptions Uniformitarianism actualism analogues study examples: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta.
NW SE cross section of Lower Kutai Basin
E
S. Jembayan Kiri Tmp Tmpb Tmp Tmb Tmp Tmpb Tmp Tmb Tmp Tmpb S. Kedak Tmp Tmpb S. Loahaur Tmp Tmpb Tpkb Tmbp Tmbp Tmpb Tmbp S. Bambangan Tpkb Tmbp Tpkb
10
15
20
25
30 KILOMETER
KETERANGAN
Tpkb Tmbp Tmpb Tmb Tmp
0O
106O30
Formasi Kampung Baru Formasi Balikpapan Formasi Pulau Balang Formasi Bebulu Formasi Pamaluan
F 106O30 E
Lithostratigraphic terminology used in a geological cross section in Lower Kutai Basin (modified from Supriatna et al., 1995)
UTARA
A
N5
BUSANG-1 (PROJ.) TD 7021

N5 N5
SEBULU-1 (PROJ.) TD 4910 M

N8
SEPARI-1 (PROJ.) TD 5816

N8
PRANGAT-1 TD 11025 PRANGAT-2 TD 11486
SEMBERAH-6
A'
G N10
N8
N7 N6 N5 N5
N7 N6
N7
F
G
N10
N8
TENGAH
B
N4 ?
KUTAI RIDGE (GRAVITY HIGH) KAHALA-1 TD 10061 SINKLIN DANAU KUTAI MURUNG-1 TD 5155 SINKLIN PERIAN ANTIKLIN PEMBULAN SINKLIN BUAT BUAT-1 TD 12063 SINKLIN GITAN SINKLIN TALUANG SINKLIN SAKA KANAN ANTIKLIN PELARANG SOUTH S. NANGKA-1 TD 5472 ANTIKLIN MUTIARA PUNAN-1 MUTIARA-2 TD 13481 TD 9458 HANDIL KERBAU-4 TD 11680 BEKAPAI-11 TD 15098
B'
N4 N4
N5 N5 BASEMENT
N6
N7 N6 N5
N7
N10 N8
F
G N10
N4
N8
SELATAN DAN WAIN Legenda:

A A'
C
N4
MENTAWIR-1 TD 5620
G
RADEN-1 TD 11867
TEMPAYAN-1 TD 13493
C'
GARIS PENAMPANG A - A STRUKTUR PATAHAN
N5
N6
N7 N6
N10
BA
G N1
NG SA
N8
LU
NCO
NF. EQU IV. F
N7
N7
N7
GARIS MARKER LOKASI SUMUR DENGAN KEDALAMAN TD BATUAN BERUMUR N8 DAN LEBIH MUDA BATUAN BERUMUR N7 - N8 BATUAN BERUMUR N6 - N7 BATUAN BERUMUR N5 - N6 BATUAN BERUMUR N4 - N5 BATUAN BERUMUR N4 DAN LEBIH TUA BATUAN DASAR 6 KM 0 20 KM 3 0
N8
Geological cross section of northern part Lower Kutai Basin, Center part and South-Wain.
Deskripsi batuan/singkapan
Murni berdasarkan pengamatan. Urutan pendiskripsian tidak mutlak. Kebebasan mengamati sangat tergantung pada si pengamat. Nama tidak penting yang penting adalah deskripsinya. Untuk singkapan batuan, pertama tama adalah metode Bird eye view
Geology is science NOT engineering. Geology is earth science study of interior, architectural, processes and history of the earth
Penggunaan data log tidak optimum

Melihat log seperti melihat batuan. Memahami karakteristik fisis log.
CYLINDER SHAPE = bed
Adapted from SHELLs documents

Motif log:
Sifat fisik litologi

Interpretasi litologi dari data log

Interpretasi litologi dari data log
Membaca log seolah-olah anda melihat batunya. Log hanyalah instrumen untuk merekam sifat fisik batuan secara tidak langsung. Indera adalah instrumen dalam merekam sifat fisik batuan secara langsung.

Motif log: sungai dan sekitarnya
Log Correlation
Log & Seismic Integration
Log Correlation based
Facies Correlation based on log data
Template
Coal = delta??? Interpretasi lingkungan pengendapan hanya berdasarkan model atau mirip dengan model yang ada. Struktur sedimen sama BELUM TENTU lingkungan pengendapan sama. Struktur sedimen sama PASTI proses sedimentasi sama. Proses sedimentasi sama BELUM TENTU lingkungan pengendapan sama.
Pemahaman yang kurang terhadap geologi regional

Memahami geologi regional, ie: Geologi Cekungan Kutai. Tektonik Stratigrafi Sedimentologi kurangnya penghargaan terhadap process-response.
EXPLORATION FLOW CHART
PRELIMINARY STUDY
PRELIMINARY STUDY
PROSPECTING
PRELIMINARY STUDY
PROSPECTING
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
DETAILED STUDY
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
Surface geological mapping DETAILED STUDY
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
Surface geological mapping DETAILED STUDY Subsurface geological mapping
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
Surface geological mapping DETAILED STUDY Subsurface geological mapping
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
Surface geological mapping DETAILED STUDY Subsurface geological mapping Integrated & overlay data
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
Surface geological mapping DETAILED STUDY Subsurface geological mapping Integrated & overlay data
PRELIMINARY STUDY

YES
PROSPECTING
NO
Surface geological mapping DETAILED STUDY Subsurface geological mapping COMMERCIAL PROGRAM Integrated & overlay data
History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan

Late 1800s Dutch geologist

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin.

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist.

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist. 1950s BPM/Shell geologist.

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist. 1950s BPM/Shell geologist. 1960s Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm.

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist. 1950s BPM/Shell geologist. 1960s Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970s 1980s oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist).

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist. 1950s BPM/Shell geologist. 1960s Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970s 1980s oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990s 2000s

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist. 1950s BPM/Shell geologist. 1960s Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970s 1980s oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990s 2000s - renaissance in deltaic sedimentology

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist. 1950s BPM/Shell geologist. 1960s Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970s 1980s oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990s 2000s - renaissance in deltaic sedimentology - detailed deep water deposit Kutai Basin has been one of a pioneer in deep water geological research in the world.

Late 1800s Dutch geologist 1931 Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940s Japan geologist. 1950s BPM/Shell geologist. 1960s Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970s 1980s oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990s 2000s - renaissance in deltaic sedimentology - detailed deep water deposit Kutai Basin has been one of a pioneer in deep water geological research in the world. - first time in ichnological research for modern and outcrop analogues
The Geology of Kutai Basin
The Main Significance of Kutai Basin
KUTAI BASIN:
One of the center for geological research in the world and places for geological education and training
AAPG field trip KUTAI BASIN:


IAGI field trip

ITB/UPN field trip

IAGI field trip

The future research solving the geological problems, support new theories and new ideas and practices.
Environmental Forecasting
Climates evolutions Volcanic activity, tectonic earthquake. River, delta, coastal dinamics; example: river/fluvial flood quantity. Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta
Climates evolutions Volcanic activity, tectonic earthquake. River, delta, coastal dinamics; example: river/fluvial flood quantity. Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta
UNIFORMITARIANISM
14,4 millions years ago
Examples of river (red) and fluvial flood deposit (yellow)
Modern river in Mahakam Delta
GEOLOGI
Geologi Umum
GEOLOGI
Geologi Umum
Kerangka tektonik lempeng Cekungan Kutai (Bachtiar, 2004)

GEOLOGI
Geologi Umum
Pertemuan 3 lempeng: -Eurasia -Pasifik -India-Australia

GEOLOGI
Geologi Umum

GEOLOGI
Geologi Umum
Mempengaruhi prosesproses pembentukan, pengisian dan modifikasi cekungan

N
South China Sea
KUTAI BASIN:
Indonesia 2nd most prolic basin
KUCHING OROGENIC COMPLEX
Celebes Sea
KUTAI BASIN
Mahakam Delta Samarinda
Balikpapan
with its own, unique Mahakam Delta
Java Sea
>11 BBOE reserve Mid Miocene & younger
Geologi Umum
Geologi Umum
Geologi Umum
Batas-batas Cek. Kutai:

Barat: Tinggian Kuching Timur : Selat Makassar Utara : Tinggian Mangkalihat Selatan : Peg. Maratus
Geologi Umum
Geologi Umum
Geologi Umum
Wave & tidal dominated delta study
Geologi Umum
Fluvial dominated delta study Wave & tidal dominated delta study
Geologi Umum
Kolom stratigrafi daerah Samarinda (Chambers & Daley, 1995)

Geologi Umum
Fluvial dominated delta study

Geologi Umum
Fluvial dominated delta study
Wave & tidal dominated delta study

Geologi Delta Mahakam Modern
Pembagian jenis delta (Galloway, 1975)


Delta Mahakam Modern

460000
500000
540000
BUS-01
U
0 10 20 KM
BAT-01
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF STUDY AREA

9980000
SEP-01
9980000
MUR-01 PEMBLN 2 PEMBLN 3 JONGGON BUA-01 LJN 2 PEMBLN 4
SEB-01 SEG-01 PRT-02
MUM-01
Showing stratigraphic units based on Blow Zonation ages
BIN V-1A
PERJUANGAN
WARE HOUSE
9940000
CAMP 88
9940000
LJN 1 PEL-01
ANG-01
BEL-01
JBYN
NAN-01
CAMP SPK2 LOA-01 SEPAKU SUN-01
AMD
TNG-01
SPK 1-7
MID MIOCENE & YOUNGER N8 N 810 N 850 N 8A N7
9900000 9860000
RIK-01
9900000
TNG
SPK 14 SKN-01 SPK 8+100 SAM-01
KETERANGAN:
MIOSEN TENGAH N8 N 810
SAM-02 RDN-01
SEGRET
MENTAWIR SM-01 MEN-01
N 850 N 8A N7
RDN-02
LAM-01
N6
LAM-02 BON-01 GNB-01
N5 N4 SUMUR MINYAK DAN GAS DAERAH PENELITIAN KHUSUS DENGAN LINTASAN GEOLOGI LOKASI SINGKAPAN
9860000
N6 N5 N4
WLW-01
SWL-01
JALUR SEISMIK
460000
500000
540000
Historical Geology
Historical Geology
Innovative Field Work in Geology
Geologists was walking on Peat Ridges Modern Mahakam Delta
Sketsa arsitektur & karakteristik ichnologi tidal bar-interdistributary area

Profil lateral P. Lantang
Profil lateral P. Lantang
Wave dominated delta

Litofacies assemblages: St, Sh, Sc, Shcs, Sr, Hm, Mm,

Litofacies assemblages: St, Sh, Sc, Shcs, Sr, Hm, Mm,
healthy
healthy
stressed
stressed
healthy
stressed
healthy
stressed
Model wave dominated delta
indeks & keragaman tertinggi dibandingkan dengan tipe delta yang lain.
indeks & keragaman tertinggi dibandingkan dengan tipe delta yang lain. longshore drift, storm bertanggung jawab menciptakan kondisi healthy.
indeks & keragaman tertinggi dibandingkan dengan tipe delta yang lain. longshore drift, storm bertanggung jawab menciptakan kondisi healthy. 17 ichnogenera.
Model tidal dominated delta
karakteristik ichnologi lebih baik sedikit dari delta dominasi fluvial kondisi stressed.
karakteristik ichnologi lebih baik sedikit dari delta dominasi fluvial kondisi stressed. high fluvial discharge.
karakteristik ichnologi lebih baik sedikit dari delta dominasi fluvial kondisi stressed. high fluvial discharge. 10 icnogenera, ada ichnogenera yang dominan.
Model fluvial dominated delta
karakteristik ichnologi menunjukkan kondisi stressed
karakteristik ichnologi menunjukkan kondisi stressed high fluvial discharge.
karakteristik ichnologi menunjukkan kondisi stressed high fluvial discharge. 9 ichnogenera, tidak ada ichnogenera yang dominan.
Model distributary channel
karakteristik ichnologi menunjukkan kondisi stressed : variasi kecepatan sedimentasi tinggi, fluktuasi salinitas/salinitas rendah
karakteristik ichnologi menunjukkan kondisi stressed : variasi kecepatan sedimentasi tinggi, fluktuasi salinitas/salinitas rendah high fluvial discharge
karakteristik ichnologi menunjukkan kondisi stressed : variasi kecepatan sedimentasi tinggi, fluktuasi salinitas/salinitas rendah high fluvial discharge 8 ichnogenera.

Modern Approach in Geological Research

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PENDEKATAN BARU DALAM RISET GEOLOGI

Monday, December 24, 2012

Objectives and Targets

Monday, December 24, 2012

Objectives and Targets

Monday, December 24, 2012

Objectives and Targets

Monday, December 24, 2012

Objectives and Targets

Monday, December 24, 2012

Objectives and Targets

Monday, December 24, 2012

Objectives and Targets

Monday, December 24, 2012

Objectives and Targets

LATAR BELAKANG: Kesalahan Praktis Dalam Eksplorasi

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

PROBLEMS IN COAL EXPLORATION

Monday, December 24, 2012

Basic principles in geology

Monday, December 24, 2012

Basic principles in geology

Monday, December 24, 2012

NW SE cross section of Lower Kutai Basin

Monday, December 24, 2012

BUSANG-1 (PROJ.) TD 7021

SEBULU-1 (PROJ.) TD 4910 M

SEPARI-1 (PROJ.) TD 5816

PRANGAT-1 TD 11025 PRANGAT-2 TD 11486

SELATAN DAN WAIN Legenda:

GARIS PENAMPANG A - A STRUKTUR PATAHAN

NF. EQU IV. F

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Penggunaan data log tidak optimum

Monday, December 24, 2012

CYLINDER SHAPE = bed

Adapted from SHELLs documents

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Sifat fisik litologi

Interpretasi litologi dari data log

Sifat fisik litologi

Interpretasi litologi dari data log

Sifat fisik litologi

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Motif log: sungai dan sekitarnya

Monday, December 24, 2012

Motif log: sungai dan sekitarnya

Monday, December 24, 2012

Motif log: sungai dan sekitarnya

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012