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Effect of Shear Deformation and Rotatory Inertia on the Response of a Composite Aircraft Wing to Random Atmospheric Turbulence
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S.H.R. Eslimy-Isfahany, Assistant Professor, shrei@cc.iut.ac.ir Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. and J.R. Banerjee, Professor of Aeronautical Engineering, J.R.Banerjee@city.ac.uk School of Engineering, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
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Abstract A method is presented to predict the effect of shear deformation and rotatory inertia on the response of a uniform composite beam to random atmospheric turbulence, using generalised co-ordinate and normal modes method. The examples of such beams and their applications include aircraft wings and the hull of ships, made of composite materials. The atmospheric turbulence is modelled using the von Karman spectra. Keywords: Random vibration, laminated fibrous composites, Timoshenko effects. 1- Theory One example of a bending-torsion coupled Timoshenko composite beam is an aircraft wing as shown in Figure (1). The mass and the elastic axes (i.e. the loci of the mass centre and the shear centre of the cross section) of the wing are separated by a distance xa as shown. To develop a method for response analysis of such a beam, firstly, the free natural vibration characteristics of the beam are established from the basic governing differential equations of motion. The effect of warping stiffness is assumed to be small and neglected in the analysis. (Note that, linear small deflection theory has been used so that the overall response of the beam is represented by the superposition of all individual responses in each mode.)

Figure 1: (a) The coordinate system and notation for axially loaded bending-torsion coupled wing (b) Distribution of flexural and torsional loads

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1.1- Governing Differential Equation of motion The differential equations of motion of a viscously damped bending-torsion coupled Timoshenko composite beam (see Fig.1) are taken in the following form [1-3]

D DD D K + k AG (u ) c1 (u x ) m(DD x ) = f ( y , t ) u D DD D DD Ku + GJ c2 + c1 x u I + mx u = g ( y , t )

(1) (2)

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D DD EI + k AG (u ) c3 I = 0 (3) : : : 5- Results and Discussion The variations of the bending rigidity (EI), torsional rigidity (GJ) and bendingtorsion coupling rigidity (K) against ply angle are shown in Figure (2). Next, the first five natural frequencies of the wing are shown in Table 1 for the three load cases.
8.E+5 7.E+5 EI, GJ, K (Nm ) 6.E+5 5.E+5 4.E+5 3.E+5 2.E+5 1.E+5 0.E+0 0 30 60 Ply Angle ( ) 90 EI GJ K

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Table 1: Natural frequencies of an axially loaded cantilever beam with different axial loads
Frequency (rad/s) Frequency no. P=70 kN P=0 P=-140kN 1 99.4 139.3 191.3 2 707.0 740.4 801.4 3 1061.4 1077.8 1111.3 4 1791.5 1824.9 1890.5 5 2991.5 3022.7 3083.3

Figure 2: Variation of EI, GJ and K against ply angle

6- Conclusions The bending deformation in the fundamental mode is quite evident whereas the rest of the modes are dominated by torsional displacements only. The inclusion of shear deformation has made very marginal difference to the mode shapes except the sixth one. Further investigation will be required, particularly for thick composite beams (wings) to make an objective assessment of the effects of shear deformation and rotatory inertia to complement this study. 7- Acknowledgment The authors sincerely thank Mr Adam Sobey for many useful discussions. 8- References [1] Eslimy-Isfahany, S.H.R., and Banerjee, J.R., "Response of an Axially Loaded Bending-Torsion Coupled Beam to Deterministic and Random Loads", Proceedings of AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA, April 1995, pp. 2523-2533. (for proceedings) [2] Jones, R.M., "Mechanics of composite materials", McGraw-Hill, 1975, New York. (for books) [3] Mansfield, E.H. and Sobey, A.J., "The fibre composite helicopter blade, Part 1: Stiffness properties, Part 2: Prospects for aeroelastic tailoring," Aeronautical Quarterly, May 1979, pp. 413-449. (for Journals)

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