20th Century America Final Exam Review Guide Besides the material we discuss during review sessions in class,

you should use the book & anything you might find useful on the Internet to gather information about the following topics. You should construct a study guide to use on the exam from such information. Also: BRING YOUR LAPTOP for one question youll need to go to a website and analyze a primary source. The topics for the exam questions are below, and you should prepare a detailed set of notes for EACH topic, print them up, and you will be allowed to refer to those notes and those notes only, during the exam. Youll turn in your printed note sheet with your answers, and they will count as part of your exam. 1. How the Progressive Movement of the early 1900s was similar in philosophy to the New Deal programs of the 1930s: consider the view of what the role of the federal government should be & the view of capitalism & business. The progressive Movement and the Deal movement were similar in the way that they both believed that the government should put limits on capitalism but not completely control it, as well in some means of execution. The progressive movement tried to execute their goals by forming comities with which to enforce regulations.

2. The development & the impact of the automobile on American life Automobiles caused America to change its design for cities and change the style of small towns. 3. The idea of Modernism in American life what does it mean, where is it reflected in American culture, and what conflicts did it lead to with the notion of Traditionalism? 4. Ways in which the culture became nationalized & homogenized think about music, movies, radio, advertising, and sports. Advertising is national because of mass media. And then because advertising is homogenized because people in different areas want different products. Selling a car because of a heater wouldnt be useful in California. The same would go for selling a convertible in New England. All local heroes try to become national heroes. Broadway actors were converted to Hollywood. Music like jazz, which originates in places like

Chicago and New Orleans, is homogenized and broadcasted across America. That homogenized style of Jazz eventually evolved into swing music, which is the nationalized music of the 30s and 40s.

5. The growth of the consumer economy in the 20s, and the underlying reasons for weaknesses in the economy by 1929 as well as the stock crash. Consumer credit was put into the American lifestyle in the 1920s, and the economy crashed because of a debt crash. It seemed like stock in cars and electrics would last forever because everybody wanted one. But once everybody got one, the market crashed because people were expecting money with which to pay of debt. Foreign trade goes bad because there is a European crisis. Another reason we lost money and jobs was because we couldnt and when there is oversupply of produce, companies started to fire labor in order to produce an amount of merchandise more suited to the amount of consumers. When they removed prairie grass, and then there was an over production of soil. That caused a huge drought. -Consumer goods made in America The Jonas brothers suck only each other. They tried to kill us, they survived lets eat Hanukah Harrah gets sick Phil Hartman audition tape.

They make sweatshops with sweatshops No teen boys pushed as sex objects.

1: In what ways did the growing popularity and availability of the automobile transform American lifestyles and American society?

The popularity and viability of the automobile transformed the American lifestyle in almost every way. The automobile caused the development of roads and highways. With the development of highways cities started to be build differently. No longer were cities composed of small alleyways, but instead were composed in a more grid-like style. The requirement for small towns changed too. When people from the city could drive by small towns, they had a reason to make a sort of drive-by tourist attraction so to attract business. Thats why in the 30s there were many attractions such as giant paper-Mache dinosaurs or giant balls of yarn along the rural routes. The automobile also sparked the growth of the steel industry, and the growth of factories producing cars.

2: What were some specific areas where Modernism clashes with Traditionalism in 1920s America, and why did it clash in those areas? (Give 2-3 examples) Modernism clashed with traditionalism in 1920s America in the areas where a country mostly composed of small farming communities was turning into an urban population, and well as in the way of religious values. In the 1920s, the urban population was rising as people moved away from the country and into the city. This movement to urbanism was partially caused by the rise in mass production and mass farming. With giant farming and production companies rising, small farmers couldnt compete. Living in the country also obstructed the average American because some of the most productive inventions of the time reached the cities before the country. The rural lifestyle didnt have electricity, and sometimes it didnt have any running water. That made traditional values look really bad in comparison, because they were. Who would rather go to the bathroom in a pan than in a toilet? And as more scientific discoveries were made, the less hold religion had on the population. The ultimate example of this is the Scopes Trial, in which the traditional side of creationism fought in court with the modern side of evolution. That demonstrated that the American public wasnt sure whether to consider religious values above scientific truth. Even today we still have that debate, because our population votes based on religious values, such as Catholicism not allowing abortion or the bible saying gay marriage is wrong. And as it was in the 20s, it can be observed that the population living in the country tended to sway on the side of traditionalist values, while the urban population is mostly composed of a modernist population.

3:How did radio and movies homogenize and nationalize elements of the culture in the 1920s and 1930s

Radio and movies nationalized culture because local Heroes became National, and because culture was spread very easily after the invention of radio and movies. In the same way that the Internet has homogenized world culture in the past decade or so, radio and movies did the same thing for American culture. People in Kansas could listen to a baseball game in New York. And because of that the Kansas culture became not just centered on Kansas, but around things happening in New York, and movies made in Hollywood. Music and theatre were broadcasted worldwide, which caused the same cultural messages to be sent to all of America instead of just one area. Another thing that homogenized the culture was the growth of advertising and mass production. With factories, small businesses no longer had the chance to offer many types of different products in smaller quantities. And with advertising, the same cultural values of a product were spread throughout America. Women were assumed to value comfort and safety, while men were assumed to value technology and productivity. Eventually the culture took on those assumptions.

4: Look at the advertisement, and describe who it is aimed at, what the ad claims about its product (both literally and figurate (, and what sorts of ways in which the advertisement implies that the use of the product will improve your lifestyle. You can tell that the ad was aimed at women because of many other cues than the fact that it is an add for cleansing product. The woman on the front who looks overly blissful and relieved that the scouring pads have worked on their pans tries to send the message to women that the product will make them happy. The fairy on the front it an obvious clue, and not just for the reason that it is a fairy. Adds aimed at women tend to say how the product will do work for them and let them relax, while adds aimed at men tend to talk about how the product will help them get the success they seek in life. Such as how the Lowes slogan is you can do it, we can help, while adds aimed for women tend to speak of making things effortless such as loosing weight without trying. And the idea of fairy doing work for you is a concept that falls into the category of what a woman would seek. In the adds there are various mentions of magic, which directly correlates with the fairy princess concept the add is trying to aim for. There is also a little bit of a damsel in distress complex, which can be seen not only in the womens expression, but in the products slogan When things look blackest, use S.O.S. The add is trying to convince women that whenever anything feels bad those pads will solve the issue. 5: Using specific examples from both the progressive Era & the new deal, identify at least

THREE examples of how both movements illustrate the philosophy of a stronger role for the federal government in regulating the economy. The progressive Movement and the Deal movement were similar in the way that they both believed that the government should put limits on capitalism but not completely control it, as well in some means of execution. The progressive movement tried to execute their goals by forming comities such as the F.D.A with which to enforce regulations. The new deal program was about the same thing, forming committees to enforce regulations on issues like the economy and social security. The new deal program on funding the arts was like the Progressive program in which national parks were founded. Both were about protecting rights, in the Progressives case it was often for labor laws, while in the New Deal it was for social security programs to protect elderly, or the program to provide electricity in rural areas through building dams.