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TITLE:
DOCUMENT NO : 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0211-A4
Rev No.
Issue Date
Pages
Description
Prepared By
Checked By
Approved By
09.09.2008
SNK
CR
HSC
-1-
Jacobs
HPCL, MUMBAI 44LK-5100 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL STACKS Page 2 of 6
CONTENTS
1.0
GENERAL
2.0
3.0
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.0
5.0
Jacobs
HPCL, MUMBAI 44LK-5100 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL STACKS Page 3 of 6
1.0
GENERAL
Steel Chimneys are required in process, power, refineries, furnaces, boilers, etc. to let out flue gases into the atmosphere. The diameter and their heights are decided by functional requirements and environmental considerations. These stacks could be ground supported or installed at higher elevations like boiler mounted depending upon how the flue gases are passed through them. Depending upon their usage, these stacks could be unlined or lined with a suitable refractory system. The stacks are structurally tall hence important aspects is the design of self-supporting stacks are wind /seismic loading, wind excited oscillations, limitations of deflection. Very tall stack could be designed supported by superimposed structure around the stack covering the entire height like in flare stacks. Stack design using guy wire ropes are not to be considered. Apart from following various codal requirements for design, certain statutory requirements like provincial building by laws and the civil aviation requirements pertaining to such structures are also to be taken care during design. Jacobs shall review the design documents produced by the vendor.
This specification covers only general design guidelines. Vendor is supposed to be acquainted with the design of steel chimneys and is expected to cover all aspects of design of this type of structures including its statutory and functional requirements. Approval of his design documents shall not relieve the vendor from his contractual obligations towards design and construction of the stack.
2.0
Specification for high heat duty fire clay refractories, Group B. Specification for insulating bricks. Hexagonal head bolts, screws and nuts and product Grade C. Hexagonal head bolts, screws and nuts of product Grades A & B. For wind load consideration For seismic design consideration Steel for general structural purposes. Specifications for steel chimneys
Jacobs
HPCL, MUMBAI 44LK-5100 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL STACKS Page 4 of 6
3.0
3.1
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
General The basic dimensions o the chimney (stack), namely clear diameter, height , etc. are decided on consideration of temperature, composition of flue gases, Adjacent structures, Pollution control, draft requirements However, certain recommended proportion should be maintained for the strength and its stability. Proportions of the basis dimensions of a self supporting chimney shall conform to the following: (i) (ii) Minimum height of flare be equal to one third the height of the chimney. Minimum outside diameter or unlined chimney shell at top be equal to one twentieth of the height of cylindrical portion of chimney and for lined chimney it shall be one twenty fifth of the height or the cylindrical portion. Minimum outside diameter of flared chimney at base be equal to 1.6 times the outside diameter of shell at top.
(iii)
3.2
Minimum Thickness The minimum thickness of stack shall be 6.0mm but shall not be less than calculated as per following formula: Wall Thickness = Dia. + 2.5 + Corrosion allowance 1000
3.3
Corrosion Allowance The total allowance of corrosion shall be sum of the external and internal allowance and shall be selected in line with IS 6533 recommendation unless specified otherwise.
3.4
Allowable Deflection The maximum deflection at the top of the steel chimney produced by the wind load without taking into account the dynamic factors, calculated a acting on the circular cross section shall not be greater than h/200 where h is the unsupported height of the chimney. Effect of cage ladder, platform and other pretensions shall be taken care during calculation of wind deflection.
3.5 3.5.1
Maximum Permissible Stresses: Allowable stresses is axial tension, sheer and bearing shall be as specified in IS 800. To control buckling, the compressive stresses caused by the extreme fibre stresses due to bending and direct load for the following load combinations shall be within safe limits after considering temperature effects and allowance for large opening in shell:
Jacobs
HPCL, MUMBAI 44LK-5100 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL STACKS Page 5 of 6
In case of self supporting chimney, checking for resonance shall be carried out if the critical velocity for as determined from Annexure A of IS 6533 Part 2.
0.5 to 0.8 times the design wind velocity for lined chimney 0.33 to 0.8 time the design wind velocity for unlined chimney. For lined chimneys, checking for resonance shall be carried out for both the cases, that is with or without lining. Chimney which have high diameter/thickness ratio may be subjected to wind generated ovalling oscillating due to circumferentially varying and fluctuating pressure. There shall be suitably taken care as per IS 6533 like providing strake vanes, providing circumferential stiffeners for chimneys having high diameter to thickness to avoid ovalling oscillations due to circumferentially varying and fluctuating pressure etc. Design forces, bending moments and for first mode of oscillation deflection shall be calculated as per IS 6533 Part 2.
3.6
Supporting The chimney shall be structurally stable on its foundation. Allowable stress for foundation bolts, its base plate, gussets, stool etc. shall be as per IS 800.
3.7
Chimney Top The chimney top shall be provided with a rain hood at the top. This hood shall allow free passage to the flue gases but save the top opening from rain water entering into it.
3.8
Ladder platforms, Painters trolley, Warning lamps, Lightening protections: Approach ladder and platforms for servicing of warning lamps, inspection etc. shall be provided as necessary As a general rule one interlanding platform after every 5m and full platform wherever service demands is to be provided. Projection of platform shall be 1.0m upto 1m dia. Chimney and 1.2m for chimney >1.2m from chimney insulation service. Caged ladder and platform shall be ell protected and properly attached for safety reasons. Weight of cages ladder shall be taken as 35 kg/m and that of platform 2 170 kg/m . Platforms and ladders shall be galvanised.
Jacobs
HPCL, MUMBAI 44LK-5100 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL STACKS Page 6 of 6
4.0
5.0