SIGMA

FREQUENCY MODULATION TRANSMITTER TRAINER & FREQUENCY DEMODULATION RECEIVER TRAINER MODEL - COM311 & COM312
Mfd.by: SIGMA TRAINERS E-103, Jai Ambe Nagar, Near Udgam School, Thaltej, AHMEDABAD - 380054. Phone : +91-79-26852427 /26850829 Fax : +91-79-26840290 Email : sales@sigmatrainers.com : sigmatrainers@sify.com Web : www.sigmatrainers.com

INTRODUCTION
This trainer has been designed with a view t o pro vide practical and experimental knowl edge of Frequency Modulation Transmitter & Demodulation Receiver technique on a SINGLE P.C.B

TRANSMITTER SECTION

SPECTIFICATIONS
1. 2. 3. Power supply requirement Built in IC based power supply Synchronous Function Generator Frequency Range : 100 Hz to 1 KHz 1K Hz to 10 KHz Amplitude 4. FM Modulators : : 0 to 2Vp-p Varactor FM Modulator Reactance (PM) Modulator Central Frequency 5. 6. Frequency Converter (Mixer) Standard Accessories : 1. Experimental and Circuit Description Manual. 2. Connecting Patch cords. (6 Nos.) : 455KHz. : : 230V AC, 50 Hz. +12V, -12V

EXPERIMENTS
1. 2. 3. Study of Varactor Modulator and Reactance Modulator To generate FM signal using Varactor Modulation To generate FM signal using Reactance Modulation

RECEIVER SECTION SPECTIFICATIONS

1. 2. 3. Power supply requirement Built in IC based power supply Synchronous Function Generator Frequency Range : 100 Hz to 1 KHz 1K Hz to 10 KHz Amplitude 4. FM Demodulator : : 0 to 2Vp-p Detuned Resonant Detect or Quadrature Detect or Foster-Seel ey Detect or Ratio Det ect or Phase Locked Loop Det ect or 5. 6. 7. 8. FM Demodulator Central Frequency : Low pass Filter Amplitude Limiter Standard Accessories : : : 455KHz. 3.4 KHz, Cut off frequency 1 no. 1. Experimental and Circuit Description Manual. 2. Connecting Patch cords. (6 Nos.) : : 230V AC, 50 Hz. +12V, -12V

EXPERIMENTS
1. Study of FM Demodulators. Detuned Resonant Detect or Quadrature Detect or Foster-Seel ey Detect or Ratio Det ect or Phase Locked Loop Det ect or

CHAPTER-1 THEORY OF FREQUENCY MODULATION

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CHAPTER-2 THEORY OF FREQUENCY DEMODULATION

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PHASE DETECTOR

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CHAPTER-3 EXPERIMENT-1 FM Generation Using Reactance Modulator and FM demodulation using PLL
(See connection diagram CN1)

1.

Connect links as shown in connection diagram CN1.

2.

Select wa veform switch to Sine position in Function generator section. Connect CRO channel -1 at Sine O/P terminal TP1. Trigger CRO by channel-1. Adjust amplitude of sine wave to 1Vpp and a udio frequency t o 1 KHz. + 0.5V ______Waveform (W1)

Now set amplitude of sinewave t o zero. Connect CRO channel -2 output of Rea ctance modulator at FM O/P TP6 terminal. Trigger CRO by Chann el-2. It will be 5Vpp, 455 KHz sine wave. This is FM carrier signal. _______Waveform (W2)

+2V

-2V
4.

455KHz

Now change amplitude of sine wave to 1 Vpp as previous and observe Frequency Modulated wa veform at output of Reactance modulator TP6 terminal. _______Waveform (W3)

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5.

Connect FM modulated output TP6 to I/P of Amplitude limiter section in FM recei ver trainer at terminal TP1. Observe fix amplitude FM modulated signal at the output of Amplitude Limiter TP2.

6.

Connect FM modulated output TP2 of Amplitude limiter to the input of PLL detect or at TP3. Connect o/p of PLL TP4 t o the input of Low Pass filter TP5. Keep VCO swit ch in PLL det ect or to ON position.

7.

Now observe output of low pass filter TP6. It will be dem odulated audio signal. If signal is not proper var y center frequency of Rea ctance modulator. _______Waveform (W4)

8.

See the effect on the FM modulated signal by varyi ng the Audio Oscillator Frequency & Amplitude.

9.

Vary R.F. carriers Oscillator Frequency by Frequency pot (It varies from 453KHz to 457KHz) and observe its effect on the FM modulated signal

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EXPERIMENT-2 Fm Voice Modulation and demodulation

(See connection diagram CN2)

1.

Connect links using patch cords as per connection diagram CN2.

2.

Connect Microphone at Microphone socket in FM transmitter trainer.

Connect Loudspeaker at Loudspeaker socket in FM receiver trainer.

3.

Keep volume controls of audio Pre-amplifier and output audio amplifier in mid position.

4.

Speak to mike and h ear recovered audio in LS of output audio amplifier.

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EXPERIMENT- 3 FM Generation Using Varactor Modulator and FM demodulation using Quadrature Detector
(See connection diagram CN3)

1.

Connect links as shown in connection diagram CN3.

2.

Select wa veform switch to Sine position in Function generator section. Connect CRO channel -1 at Sine O/P terminal TP1. Trigger CRO by channel-1. Adjust amplitude of sine wave to 1Vpp and audio frequency t o 1 KHz. + 0.5V ______Waveform (W1)

Now set amplitude of sinewave to z ero. Connect CRO channel -2 output of Varactor modulator at FM O/P TP9 terminal. Trigger CRO by Channel -2. It will be 5Vpp, 455 KHz sine wave. This is FM carrier signal. _______Waveform (W2)

+2V

-2V
4.

455KHz

Now change amplitude of sine wave to 1 Vpp as previous and observe Fre quency Modulated wa veform at output of Varactor modulator TP9 terminal. _______Waveform (W3)

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5.

Connect FM modulated output TP6 to I/P of Amplitude limiter section in FM recei ver trainer at terminal TP1. Observe fix amplitude FM modulated signal at the output of Amplitude Limiter TP2.

6.

Connect FM modulated output TP2 of Amplitude limiter to the input of Quadrature detector. Connect o/p of quadrature detector TP8 t o the input of Low Pass filter TP5. Keep VCO switch in PLL detect or to OFF positi on.

7.

Now observe output of low pass filter TP6. It will be dem odulated audio signal. If signal is not proper var y center frequency of Rea ctance modulator. _______Waveform (W4)

8.

See the effect on the FM modulated signal by varyi ng the Audio Oscillator Frequency & Amplitude.

9.

Vary R.F. carriers Oscillator Frequency by Frequency pot (It varies from 453KHz to 457KHz) and obs erve its effect on the FM modulated signal

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EXPERIMENT-4 FM Generation Using Reactance Modulator and FM demodulation using Phase Detector
(See connection diagram CN4)

1.

Connect links as shown in connection diagram CN4.

2.

Select wa veform switch to Sine position in Funct ion generator section. Connect CRO channel -1 at Sine O/P terminal TP1. Trigger CRO by channel-1. Adjust amplitude of sine wave to 1Vpp and audio frequency t o 1 KHz. + 0.5V ______Waveform (W1)

Now set amplitude of sinewave t o zero. Connect CRO channel -2 output of Rea ctance modulator at FM O/P TP6 terminal. Trigger CRO by Channel-2. It will be 5Vpp, 455 KHz sine wave. This is FM carrier signal. _______Waveform (W2)

+2V

-2V
4.

455KHz

Now change amplitude of sine wave to 1 Vpp as previous and observe Frequency Modulated wa veform at output of Reactance modulator TP6 terminal. _______Waveform (W3)

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Connect FM modulated output TP6 to I/P of Amplitude limiter section in FM recei ver trainer at terminal TP1. Observe fix amplitude FM modulated signal at the output of Amplitude Limiter TP2.

6.

Connect FM modulated output TP2 of Amplitude limiter to the input of Phase det ect or at TP9. Connect o/p of Phase det ect or TP10 to the input of Low Pass filter TP5. Keep VCO switch in PLL detect or to OFF positi on.

7.

Now observe output of low pass filter TP6. It will be dem odulated audio signal. If signal is not proper var y center frequency of Rea ctance modulator. _______Waveform (W4)

8.

See the effect on the FM modulated signal by varyi ng the Audio Oscillator Frequency & Amplitude.

9.

Vary R.F. carriers Oscillator Frequency by Frequency pot (It varies from 453KHz to 457KHz) and observe its effect on the FM modulated signal

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EXPERIMENT-5

FM Generation Using Varactor Modulator and FM demodulation using Foster-Seeley Detector

(See connection diagram CN5)

1.

Connect links as shown in connection diagram CN5. Keep sel ect or switch in Ratio detect or secti on at S posti on.

2.

Select wa veform switch to Sine position in Function generator section. Connect CRO channel -1 at Sine O/P terminal TP1. Trigger CRO by channel-1. Adjust amplitude of sine wave to 1Vpp and audio frequency t o 1 KHz. + 0.5V ______Waveform (W1)

Now set amplitude of sinewave to z ero. Connect CRO channel -2 output of Varactor modulator at FM O/P TP9 terminal. Trigger CRO by Channel -2. It will be 5Vpp, 455 KHz sine wave. This is FM carrier signal. _______Waveform (W2)

+2V

-2V
4.

455KHz

Now change amplitude of sine wave to 1 Vpp as previous and observe Frequency Modulated wa veform at output of Varactor modulator TP9 terminal. _______Waveform (W3)

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Connect FM modulated output TP6 to I/P of Amplitude limiter section in FM recei ver trainer at terminal TP1. Observe fix amplitude FM modulated signal at the output of Amplitude Limiter TP2.

6.

Connect FM modulated output TP2 of Amplitude limiter to the input of Foster Seeley detect or at TP11. Connect o/p of Foster Seeley detector TP12 to the input of Low Pass filter TP5. Keep VCO switch in PLL detect or to OFF positi on.

7.

Now observe output of low pass filter TP6. It will be dem odulated audio signal. If signal is not proper var y center frequency of varactor modulator. _______Waveform (W4)

8.

See the effect on the FM modulated signal by varyi ng the Audio Oscillator Frequency & Amplitude.

9.

Vary R.F. carriers Oscillator Frequency by Frequency pot (It varies from 453KHz to 457KHz) and obs erve its effect on the FM modulated signal

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EXPERIMENT-6

FM Generation Using Varactor Modulator and FM demodulation using Ratio Detector

(See connection diagram CN6)

1.

Connect links as shown in connection diagram CN6. Keep selector switch in Ratio detect or secti on at R position.

2.

Select wa veform switch to Sine position in Function generator section. Connect CRO channel -1 at Sine O/P terminal TP1. Trigger CRO by channel-1. Adjust amplitude of sine wave to 1Vpp and audio frequency t o 1 KHz. + 0.5V ______Waveform (W1)

Now set amplitude of sinewave to z ero. Connect CRO channel -2 output of Varactor modulator at FM O/P TP9 terminal. Trigger CRO by Channel -2. It will be 5Vpp, 455 KHz sine wave. This is FM carrier signal. _______Waveform (W2)

+2V

-2V
4.

455KHz

Now change amplitude of sine wave to 1 Vpp as previous and observe Frequency Modulated wa veform at output of Varactor modulator TP9 terminal. _______Waveform (W3)

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5.

Connect FM modulated output TP6 to I/P of Amplitude limiter section in FM recei ver trainer at terminal TP1. Observe fix amplitude FM modulated signal at the output of Amplitude Limiter TP2.

6.

Connect FM modulated output TP2 of Amplitude limiter to the input of Ratio det ect or at TP11. Connect o/p of Ratio detector TP13 to the input of Low Pass filter TP5.

7.

Now observe output of low pass filter TP6. It will be dem odulated audio signal. If signal is not proper var y center frequency of Varactor modulator. _______Waveform (W4)

8.

See the effect on the FM modulated signal by varyi ng the Audio Oscillator Frequency & Amplitude.

10.

Vary R.F. carriers Oscillator Frequency by Frequency pot (It varies from 453KHz to 457KHz) and obs erve its effect on the FM modulated signal

-1V
7. See the effect on the FM demodulated signal by varying the Au dio Oscillator Frequency and Amplitude. Also hear different tones from loudspeaker.

8.

Vary R.F. carrier Oscillator Frequency and observe its effect on the FM demodulated signal.

Concl usi on: The frequency demodulation process observed.

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CHAPTER-4 TEST POINTS TRANSMITTER SECTION

T01 T02 T03 T04 T05 T06 T07 T08 T09 T10 T11 T12 : : : : : : : : : : : : Sine wave O/P GND Mixer I/P Mixer O/P GND FM Reactance O/P Sin wave I/P Amplified I/P FM Varactor O/P Sin wave I/P +12V -12V

TEST POINTS RECEIVER SECTION

T01 T02 T03 T04 T05 T06 T07 T08 T09 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : FM I/P Limiter O/P Limiter I/P PLL Detector O/P Detected I/P Filtered O/P GND Q uadrature Detector O/P Limiter I/P Phase Detector O/P Limiter I/P F.S. Detector O/P Ratio Detector O/P +12V -12V

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