Living in a Network Centric World

Network Fundamentals Chapter 1

Version 4.0

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Objectives
Describe how networks impact our daily lives. Describe the role of data networking in the human network. Identify the key Id tif th k components of any data network. t f d t t k Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks networks. Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and , y, q y security.

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How Networks Impact Daily Life

The complex interconnection of electronic devices and media that comprise the network have improved the quality of life for people everywhere.

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Networks Supporting The Way We Live

New forms of communications:
Instant messaging :: Real time communication between 2 or more people p p based on typed text Weblogs (Blogs) :: Web pages created by an individual Podcasting ::Website that contains audio files available for downloading Wikis : : A collaboration tool. Gives people the opportunity to work together on shared documents.
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Networks Supporting the Way We Learn

Using information networks to share and collaborate improves teaching and learning Courseware delivered over the data network Learn and share from anywhere, anytime

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Networks Supporting The Way We Work

Business networks evolved to enable the transmission of many different types of information services, including e-mail, video, messaging, messaging and telephony. Resources can be accessed and shared remotely

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Networks Supporting The Way We Work : Reference/Notification

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Networks Supporting The Way We Play

We compete with friends and foes around the world in the same manner if they were in the same room

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Communications What is it?

Communications can take many forms and occurs in many different environments. environments We establish rules, or protocols, for communicating with each other:
Identify the sender and receiver. Agree on the method. Common language. Speed and delivery of the message. Confirmation that the message was received. Confirmation

Communications between individuals is successful if the meaning of the received message is the same as the meaning of the message that was sent.
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Communications - Quality
For data networks, we use the same basic criteria to judge , j g successful communication. However, there are external factors that can affect the message. message
The quality of the pathway between the sender and the recipient. The number of times the message has to change form or be g g redirected or re-addressed. The number of other messages being transmitted simultaneously on the communication network. The amount of time allotted for successful communication.

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Communications - Quality
Internal factors that interfere with network communication are related to the nature of the message itself. Internal factors affecting the successful communication across the g network include: The size of the message Large messages may be interrupted or delayed at different p p y points within the network The complexity of the message The importance of the message A message with a low importance or priority could be dropped if the network becomes overloaded.

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Communications - Quality
There are also internal factors that can affect successful communication. communication Message Complexity Message Size

Message Importance

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Communications - Quality
It is also more difficult to deliver a large, bulky package successfully and without damage than it is to deliver several smaller packages.

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Network As A Platform
The role of data networking in communications
millions of messages being exchanged between people all over the world a web of interconnected networks

Many d e e t a y different equipment/companies Standardization enables equipment to work together

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Network As A Platform
All networks have 4 basic elements in common:

Rules (protocols) to govern the handling of the message message. Messages that travel from one device to another. Medium th t is used t i t M di that i d to interconnect devices and can td i d transport the messages from one device to another. Devices on the network that exchange messages messages.
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Network As A Platform
Messages take many forms.

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Media on a network can be varied.

Network As A Platform

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Devices on a network Common Symbols

Network As A Platform

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Network As A Platform
Rules on a network are many

Other Application Protocols: DNS, DHCP, FTP Some Other Protocols: TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Ethernet, Routing Protocols
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Putting It all Together

1. Converted to Binary. 2. NIC generates signals. 3. Passed among LAN devices. 4. 4 Exit the local area (router) (router).

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Putting It all Together

The many interconnected devices worldwide are often represented by a cloud.

5. Bits are transmitted to devices that interconnect the networks. networks

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Putting It all Together

6. Passed among local devices at the destination.

7. The destination device converts the bits into human readable form.
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Putting P tti It all Together ll T th

At each of these steps, there are protocols that define the rules for device d i communication. i ti

5 1 2 3 4 6 7

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Converged Networks
Traditionally telephone, radio, television, and computer data networks each have their own individual versions of the four basic network elements.

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Converged Networks
Technology advances are enabling us to consolidate these disparate networks onto one platform. platform A platform defined as a converged network.

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Converged Networks

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Network Architecture Characteristics

Four characteristics that are addressed by network architecture design
Fault tolerance Scalability Quality of service (QoS) Sec rit Security Packet Switching

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Network Architecture Fault Tolerance

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Network Architecture Fault Tolerance

Circuit Switched Connection-Oriented Networks

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Network Architecture Fault Tolerance

Packet Switched Connectionless Networks

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Network Architecture Fault Tolerance

Circuit Switched
Connection-oriented Dedicated Circuit Guaranteed level of service (Bandwidth, QoS) Inefficient use of Medium Single path, no redundancy

Packet Switched
Connectionless Shared Circuit Messages divided into packets Efficient use of Medium Fault Tolerant, multiple possible paths
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Network Architecture - Scalability

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Network Architecture - Scalability

Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to meet user demand
Hierarchical Common standards Common protocols

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Network Architecture - Scalability

A good example of scalability is the Tier architecture of the Internet. Internet Tier 1: ISPs provide national Tier and international connections. 2: Pay Tier 1 providers for ti it d id (Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, NTT, connectivity and provide regional service. cable systems, etc.) Tier 3: Provide service to end users and are usually connected Internet through Tier 2 providers. Backbone providers B kb

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Network A hit t N t k Architecture - Q S QoS

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Network Architecture - QoS

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Network Architecture - QoS

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The appropriate QoS strategy for a given type of traffic

Network Architecture - QoS

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Network Architecture - S Security

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Network Architecture - Security

Networks must be secure

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Network Architecture - Security

Basic measures to secure data networks
Ensure confidentiality through use of User authentication Data encryption Maintain communication integrity through use of Digital signatures Ensure availability through use of Firewalls Redundant network architecture Hardware without a single point of failure

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Network A hit t N t k Architecture - S Security it

Ensure Confidentiality: Strong authentication and appropriate encryption Communication Integrity: Digital Signatures, Hashing Algorithms, Ch k Al ith Checksum Ensuring Availability: Combating virus attacks, Firewalls, Redundant Architecture

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Summary

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