NUMBERING SYSTEMS: The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) was the first to recognize the need, a nd to adopt a system,

for the numbering of steels. Later the American Iron and S teel Institute (AISI) adopted a similar system. In 1975 the SAE published the Un ified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys (UNS); this system also contains cr oss-reference numbers for other material specifications.7 The UNS uses a letter prefix to designate the material, as, for example, G for the carbon and alloy st eels, A for the aluminum alloys, C for the copper-base alloys, and S for the sta inless or corrosion-resistant steels. For some materials, not enough agreement h as as yet developed in the industry to warrant the establishment of a designatio n. For the steels, the first two numbers following the letter prefix indicate the c omposition, excluding the carbon content. The second number pair refers to the a pproximate carbon content. Thus, G10400 is a plain carbon steel with a nominal c arbon content of 0.40 percent (0.37 to 0.44 percent). The fifth number following the prefix is used for special situations. For exampl e, the old designation AISI 52100 represents a chromium alloy with about 100 poi nts of carbon. The UNS designation is G52986. AISI and SAE Designation of Steel AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute), SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). Carbon and alloy steels are specified by a code consisting of a four-digit (som etimes five) number, as illustrated below with the substitution of the letters X , Y, and Z for the numbers. A steel specification of XYZZ (or XYZZZ) has the fol lowing meaning: X indicates the type of alloy or alloys present. Y indicates the total percent of the alloys present. ZZ (or ZZZ) indicates the "points" of carbon in the steel (points of carbon equa ls the percent carbon times 100). For example, if ZZ is 40, then the steel has 0 .40 percent carbon (C). If ZZZ is 120, then the steel has 1.20 percent carbon. T able 1 identifies the number X corresponding to the alloy or alloys present. In addition, the following two special classes are included. A resulfurized free ma chining steel is identified as UZZ and 12ZZ. These steels have a high sulfur con tent, which combines with the manganese to form the compound manganese sulfide. It is the presence of this compound that makes the steel more machinable. The 13 ZZ and 15ZZ groups are plain carbon steels that have high and moderate amounts o f manganese, respectively. If This section presents the numbering systems now in general use in order to co rrespond with those used in other sections of this handbook. For details of the unified numbering system (UNS). Table 1 Alloy Designations for Steels Alloying elements Number X Non ( plain carbon ) 1 Nickel 2 Nickel - chromium 3 Molybdenum nickel - chromium 4 chromium 5 Chromium - vanadium 6 Nickel chromium - Molybdenum 8 Silicon - manganese 9 ASTM Standards: ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). The 80+ volume Annual Book of ASTM Standards contains ASTM's 12,000+ standards a nd is available in print, CD-ROM and Online formats. The standard is divided int o 15 volumes and index as follows: Select Section of Interest Complete Set - All sections and volumes Section 1 - Iron and Steel Products

Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section

2 - Nonferrous Metal Products 3 - Metals Test Methods and Analytical Procedures 4 - Construction 5 - Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels 6 - Paints, Related Coatings, and Aromatics 7 - Textiles 8 - Plastics 9 - Rubber 10 - Electrical Insulation and Electronics 11 - Water and Environmental Technology 12 - Nuclear, Solar, and Geothermal Energy 13 - Medical Devices and Services 14 - General Methods and Instrumentation 15 - General Products, Chemical Specialties, and End Use Products 00 - Index

The Index Section 0 ASTM Volume 00.01 Subject Index; Alphanumeric Index. This index is an essential tool to help us to find the standards we need. It contains both subject and alph anumerical list of all 12,000+ standards in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Subject Index: Section -1 1 - IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS 01.01 Steel--Piping, Tubing, Fittings 01.02 Ferrous Castings; Ferroalloys 1.03 Steel--Plate, Sheet, Strip, Wire; Stainless Steel Bar 01.04 Steel--Structural, Reinforcing, Pressure Vessel, Railway 01.05 Steel--Bars, Forgings, Bearing, Chain, Tool 1.06 Coated Steel Products 01.07 Ships and Marine Technology 01.08 Fasteners; Rolling Element Bearings Complete Section - Includes all volumes listed above Volume 01.01 Steel--Piping, Tubing, Fittings Published: January Volume 01.01 features standards for various types of steel pipe that specify req uirements for high-temperature service, ordinary use, and special applications, such as fire protection. It includes specifications on steel tubes for boiler and super heater tubes, gen eral service tubes, still tubes in refinery service, heat exchanger and condense r tubes, mechanical tubing, and structural tubing. Steel casting specifications address standard properties for valves, flanges, fi ttings, and other pressure containing parts for high-temperature and low-tempera ture service. Others cover black, plain end steel pipe for use in the conveyance of fluids under pressure. Unified numbering system (UNS ): The UNS designations for the stainless steels, prefix S, utilize the older AISI designations for the first three numbers following the prefix. The next two numb ers are reserved for special purposes. The first number of the group indicates t he approximate composition. Thus 2 is a chromium-nickel-manganese steel, 3 is a chromium-nickel steel, and 4 is a chromium alloy steel. Sometimes stainless stee ls are referred to by their alloy content. Thus S30200 is often called an 18-8 s tainless steel, meaning 18 percent chromium and 8 percent nickel developed by AS TM and SAE. Not specifications but only identify an alloy covered by other standards. The 5 digits closely related to the original identification system e.g. AISI1020 = G10 200.0 Adopted by the copper develop meant association as official identicatio .