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In accordance with accepted practice and the local, power is normally provided to a VSD from a dist ribut ion board (DB) or a mot or cont rol cent er (MCC). Adequate arrangements should be made to provide safety isolation switches and short-circuit protection in the connection point to the power supply. The short-circuit protection is required to protect the power cable to the AC converter and the input rectifier bridge at the converter. The converter provides down-stream protection for the motor cable and the motor itself.
Adequate safety earthing should also be provided in accordance with the local wiring rules and codes of practice. The metal frames of the AC Converter and the AC motor should be earthed as shown in Figure 8.3 to keep touch potentials within safe limits. The chassis of the AC converter is equipped with one or more protective earth (PE) terminals, which should be connected back to common safety earth bar.
Power
supply cables
The variable speed drive should be connected to the power supply by means of a cable that is adequate for the current rating of the VSD. Reference can be made to Australian standard AS 3008 when selecting cables. The AC converter requires a 3-phase supply cable (red/white/blue) and a protective earth conductor (green/yellow), which means a 4- core cable with copper or aluminum conductors. A neutral conductor is not necessary and is usually not brought to the frequency converter. The AC converter is a source of harmonic currents that flow back into the low impedance of the power supply system. This conducted harmonic current is carried into other electrical equipment, where it causes additional heat losses and interference. Sensitive electronic instrumentation, such as magnetic flow-meters, thermocouples and other microprocessor based equipment, ideally should not be connected to the same power source, unless via a filtered power supply. Also, interference can be radiated from the power supply cable and coupled into other circuits, so these cables should be routed well away from sensitive control circuits. The power supply cable should preferably be laid in a metal duct or cable ladder and shielded in some way to reduce the radiation of EM fields due to the harmonic currents. Steel wire armored (SWA) cables, are particularly suitable for this purpose. If the power cable is unshielded, control and communications cables should not be located within about 300 mm of the power cable. The conductor sizes should be selected in accordance with normal economic cable selection criteria, which take into account the maximum continuous current rating of the VSD, the shortcircuit rating, the length of the cable and the voltage of the power supply system. The relevant local safety regulations should be strictly observed. However, when selecting the cable cross-sectional area for the power supply cables and
upstream transformers, a de-rating factor of at least 10% should be included to accommodate the additional heating due to the conducted harmonic currents. If a supply side harmonic filter is fitted at the converter, this may not be necessary. Three phase systems composed of three single-conductor cables should be avoided if possible. Power cables with a trefoil configuration produce a lower radiated EM field.
Control cables
The control cables should be provided in accordance with normal local practice. These should have a cross-sectional area of at least 0.5 mm2 for reasonable volt drop performance. The control and communications cables connected to the converter should be shielded to provide protection from EMI. The shields should be earthed at one end only, at a point remote from the converter.
Earthing requirements
As mentioned earlier, both the AC converter and the motor must be provided with a safety earth according to the requirements of local standards. The main purpose of this earthing is to avoid dangerous voltages on exposed metal parts under fault conditions. When designing and installing these earth connections, the requirements for the reduction of EMI should also be achieved with these same earth connections. The main earthing connections of an AC converter are usually arranged as shown below. The PE terminal on the converter should be connected back to the system earth bar, usually located in the distribution board. This connection should provide a low impedance path back to earth.
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