2000 North Carolina State Mathematics Contest PART 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE (20 PROBLEMS) 1.

In triangle PQR, let M be the midpoint of side PQ and N be the midpoint of side PR. What is the ratio of the area of the quadrilateral MQRN to the area of the triangle PQR? (a) 1/2 (b) 5/8 (c) 2/3 (d) 3/4 (e) 5/6

2. Define functions f(x) = kx and g(x) = |x - Pi|, where k is a real constant. For which values of k is it true that there are exactly two real numbers x such that f (x) = g(x)? (a) For all k satisfying k < -1. (d) For all k satisfying 0 < k < 1. (b) For all k satisfying -1 < k < 0. (e) For all k satisfying k > I. (c) For k= 0.

3. Let p be an odd prime. How many ordered pairs of positive integers (x, y) with x < y satisfy the condition y2 - x2 = p? (a) No pairs. (d) More than two but finitely many pairs. (b) Exactly one pair. (e) Infinitely many pairs. (c) Exactly two pairs.

4. A circle in the first quadrant is tangent to both the x-axis and the line y = x. The point of tangency with the line y = x is . What is the radius of the circle?

(b) 1 (a) (d) 3/2 (e)

(c)

5. A fair die is rolled six times. If p is the probability that each of the six faces on the die appears exactly once among the six rolls, which of the following statements about p is correct?

(a) p < 0.02 (d) 0.08 < p < 0.16

(b) 0.02 < p < 0.04 (e) 0. 16 < p

(c) 0.04 < p < 0.08

6. If the equations x2 + x - r = 0 and x2 - rx + 8 = 0 have a common real solution, x, for a fixed real number, r, which of the following statements about the value of r is correct? (a) r < - 2 (d) (b) -2 < r < 1 (e) (c)

7. If F(x) is a function from the real numbers to the real numbers, we say that F(x) has property (I) if F(F(x)) = x for all real numbers x, and we say that F(x) has property (J) if F(-F(x)) = -x for all real numbers x. How many linear functions, i.e. functions of the form F(x) = mx + b, have both property (I) and property (J)? (a) Exactly one. (b) Exactly two. (c) More than two but no more than four.

(d) More than four but finitely (e) Infinitely many. many.

8. A copying machine can make copies that are 80%, 100% and 150% as large as the original. By making copies of copies, what is the smallest number of times we must use the machine if we want a copy of an original that is 324% as large as the original? (a) 5 times (b) 6 times (c) 7 times (d) 8 times

(e) It is impossible to produce a copy that is 324% as large as the original.

9. The arithmetic mean (i.e. the average) of a set of N real numbers is N. The mean of a proper subset consisting of M of the given numbers is M. What is the mean of the remaining N - M numbers? (a) M (d) N + M (b) N (c) N - M

(e) The mean cannot be determined uniquely.

10. In , the bisector of the angle at Q meets side PR in point X. Point Y is chosen on side QR so that XY is parallel to PQ. Finally, in AXYR, the bisector of the angle at Y meets XR in point Z. Suppose that m = |XZ| and n = |ZR| are integers. Which of the following gives a necessary and sufficient condition for |PX| to be an integer? (a) m is a divisor of n. (d) n is a divisor of m2 (b) n is a divisor of m. (e) n2 is a divisor of m2. (c) m is a divisor of n2.

11. The function f(x) is defined by function f(x) is a constant function, what is the value of K? (a) -1 (d) 1/2 (b)-1/2 (e) 1 (c) 0

, where K is a constant. If the

12. If the area of a rhombus with side length x is

, what is the length of its longer diagonal?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

13. The positive integer n is said to have "Property T" if the integers 1 through 3n can be partitioned into n mutually disjoint sets, S1, . . . Sn such that each Si contains 3 integers and there is an integer m such that the sum of the integers in Si is m2 for each i. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) No positive integer has Property T. (b) There is exactly one positive integer that has Property T. (c) There is more than one positive integer that has Property T, but the set of

positive integers with Property T is finite. (d) The set of positive integers with Property T is infinite, but there are positive integers that do not have Property T. (e) Every positive integer has Property T.

14. How many non-congruent isosceles triangles have perimeter 16 inches and area 12 square inches? (a) None. (d) Exactly three. (b) Exactly one. (e) More than three. (c) Exactly two.

15. A machine is designed to transmit ordered 5-tuples of 0's and 1's. On a certain day, an inept operator used the machine five times to transmit the same fixed 5-tuple, but, due to operator error, the machine actually transmitted the five different 5-tuples given in the responses below. Suppose that it is known that one of the five 5-tuples was transmitted correctly (with no incorrect coordinates), another was transmitted with only one incorrect coordinate, a third was transmitted with exactly two incorrect coordinates, a fourth was transmitted with exactly three incorrect coordinates, and a fifth was transmitted with exactly four incorrect coordinates. Which of the 5-tuples given below was transmitted correctly? (a) (0, 1, 1, 1, 1) (d) (1, 0, 1, 0, 1) (b) (1, 0, 0, 0, 0) (e) (0, 1, 1, 0, 1) (c) (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

16. Alice and Bob play a game that consists of 8 rounds. For n = 1, 2,..., 8, the winner of the round n receives 2n-1 dollars from the loser of the round. At the end of the eighth round, Alice has won a total of $45 from Bob. (That is, the sum of the amounts she received from Bob after the rounds she won minus the sum of the amounts she paid to Bob after the rounds she lost is $45.) How many of the 8 rounds did Alice win? (a) 3 (d) 6 (b) 4 (e) 7 (c) 5

17. Define a function f(n) where n is a non-negative integer by setting f(0) = 1 and defining

f(n) for n > 0 by value of m? (a) m = 18 (d) m = 21

. Let 2m be the highest power of 2 that divides f(20). What is the

(b) m = 19 (e) m = 22

(c) m = 20

18. Line segment AB is the diameter of a circle. F is a point on the line that is tangent to the circle at B. The segment from A to F meets the circle at point E, and, of course, at A. Point D is chosen on segment AE so that |ADI = |EF|. The line that is tangent to the circle at point A meets the line through B and D in point C. If |ACI = 4 and |BF| = 5, which of the following statements about |AB|, the length of the diameter of the given circle, is correct? (a) |AB| < 5.6 (d) 5.8 < |AB| < 5.9 (b) 5.6 < |AB| < 5.7 (e) 5.9 < |AB| (c) 5.7 < |AB| < 5.8

19. What is the distance between the centroids of any two of the faces of a regular tetrahedron with edge length one? [Reminder: The centroid of a triangle is the point at which its medians meet.]

(a) 1/6

(b) 1/3 (c)

(d)

(e)

20. A compass and straightedge construction begins with a square ABCD. The circle with center C and radius CD is constructed, intersecting line AC in a point E outside of the region bounded by the square. Some additional constructions occur, ending with a point F on the perpendicular bisector of segment AE such that angle CFE is one-third of angle AFE. What is the degree measure of angle AFE? (a) 90 (b) 105 (c) 112.5

(d) 127.5

(e) 135

PART II: INTEGER ANSWER (10 PROBLEMS) 1. If M and N are positive integers whose product is 2000, what is the smallest possible value that M + N can assume?

2. If the area of a circle is a positive integer n and a square is inscribed in this circle, what is the smallest value that n, can have if the area of the square is greater than 2000?

3. John invests $1000 in a stock whose value doubles every month. Mary invests $1,000,000 in a stock whose value increases by $1,000,000 every month. How many full months must pass before the value of John's stock is greater than or equal to the value of Mary's stock? ..

4. The parabola y = ax2 + bx + c intersects the y-axis in the point (0, 8) and intersects the x-axis in the single point (2, 0). How many ordered pairs of integers (m,n) with parabola? lie on the

5. Charlie Brown has only quarters, dimes and nickels in his piggy bank. There are 60 coins altogether in the bank. If the quarters were dimes and the dimes were quarters, the total value of the coins would be increased by 90 cents. Also, if the nickels were dimes and the dimes were nickels, the total value of the coins would be increased by 15 cents. What is the total value, in cents, of the coins in Charlie Brown's piggy bank?

6. The five digits 2,3,4,5 and 6 can be arranged to form 120 different five-digit integers. How many of these five digit integers are divisible by 11?

7. Tom, Dick and Harry are three brothers. Tom, who is the oldest brother, is not yet 40 years old. The sum of the ages of the brothers is 73, and the product of Tom's age with Harry's age is 750. Furthermore, the difference between Tom's age and Dick's age is 7 years greater than the difference between Tom's age and Harry's age. How old is Dick?

8. Three cans are labeled with "Dimes," "Quarters," and "Half-dollars." In how many ways can coins be placed in the appropriate cans such that the total value of the coins in the three cans is $20.00?

9. 15 slips of paper, labeled 0, 1, . . . , 14 respectively, are placed on a table. One of these slips, with label M > 0, is removed from the table and is replaced by M slips, labeled 0, 1,, M - 1 respectively. This removal and replacement process is repeated until the only slips left on the table have label 0. How many of these slips are there?

10. A "path" in the x, y plane is a sequence of points (x0, y0), (x1, y1), (xk,yk) with the property that if , then must be one of the three following points (xi + 1, yi), (xi, yi + 1), or (xi + 1, yi + 1). How many distinct paths are there with initial point (x0, y0) = (0, 0) and final point (xk,,yk) = (3, 3)? Note the possible values for k in such a path are k = 3,4,5, and 6.