Experiment:1

AIM: Write a shell script to generate a multiplication table.

PROGRAM :

echo enter the number read a echo enter the num up to which the multiplication table has to be printed read n i=1; while [ $i -le $n ] do c=`expr $a \* $i` echo "$a * $i = $c" i=`expr $i + 1` done

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OUTPUT :
Enter the number 5

enter the num up to which the multiplication table has to be printed 10

5* 1= 5 5 * 2 = 10 5 * 3 = 15 5 * 4 = 20 5 * 5 = 25 5 * 6 = 30 5 * 7 = 35 5 * 8 = 40 5 * 9 = 45 5 * 10 = 50

ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB

Experiment:2 AIM : Write a shell script that copies multiple files to a directory.

PROGRAM :

echo enter the target directory read dir if [ ! -d $dir ] then echo directory does not exits else echo enter the number of files to copy read n i=1 echo enter the file names while [ $i -le $n ] do read file[$i] if [ ! -f ${file[$i]} ] then echo file does not exists i=`expr $i - 1` ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 3

else cp ${file[$i]} $dir fi i=`expr $i + 1` done

OUTPUT :

enter the target directory shellpgrs enter the number of files to copy 2 enter the file names lab7a.c lab7b.c the files in the shellpgrs directory are lab7b.c lab7a.c lab5.sh lab4.sh lab3.sh lab2.sh lab1.sh

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Experiment:3

AIM :

Write a shell script which counts number of lines and words present in a given file.

PROGRAM :

echo enter filename read file1 echo the no of lines in $file1 are nol=`wc -l $file1 | cut -c -7` echo $nol echo the no of words in $file1 are now=`wc -w $file1 | cut -c -7` echo $now

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OUTPUT :

enter filename lab1.sh the no of lines in lab1.sh are 13 the no of words in lab1.sh are 44

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Experiment:4

AIM: Write a shell script which displays the list of files in the given directory.

PROGRAM : echo "enter the name of the directory" read dir if [ -d $dir ] then echo "files in the directory $dir are" ls -r $dir else echo the given $dir not available fi

OUTPUT : enter the name of the directory shellpgrs files in the directory shellpgrs are lab7b.c lab7a.c lab5.sh lab4.sh lab3.sh lab2.sh lab1.sh

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Experiment:5 AIM : Write a shell script(small calculator) that adds, subtracts, multiplies and divides the given two integers. There are two division options: one returns the quotient and the other returns reminder. The script requires 3 arguments: The operation to be used and two integer numbers. The options are add(-a), subtract(-s), multiply(-m), quotient(c) and reminder(-r). PROGRAM : echo "enter two integers:" read a read b while true do echo -e "1. Addition \n2. Subtraction \n3. Multiplication\n4. Quotient\n5. Reminder\n6. Exit" echo "enter option" read op case $op in 1) add=`expr $a + $b`; echo "addition of two integers :"$add;; 2) sub=`expr $a - $b`; ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 8

echo "subtraction of two integers:"$sub;; 3) mul=`expr $a \* $b`; echo "multiplication of two integers:"$mul;; 4) r=`expr $a % $b`; echo "remainder is:"$r;; 5) q=`expr $a / $b`; echo "quotient is:"$q;; 6) exit;; *) echo invalid option;; esac done OUTPUT : enter two integers: 4 3 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Quotient 5. Reminder 6. Exit enter option 1 ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 9

addition of two integers :7 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Quotient 5. Reminder 6. Exit enter option 2 subtraction of two integers:1 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Quotient 5. Reminder 6. Exit enter option 3 multiplication of two integers:12 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Quotient ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 10

5. Reminder 6. Exit enter option 4 remainder is:1 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Quotient 5. Reminder 6. Exit enter option 5 quotient is:1 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Quotient 5. Reminder 6. Exit enter option 6

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Experiment:6 AIM : Write a shell script to reverse the rows and columns of a matrix.

PROGRAM :

echo " enter size of matrix " echo "row size " read m echo " coloumn size " read n i=1; j=1 echo " Enter Matrix elements " while [ $i -le $m ] ; do while [ $j -le $n ] ; do read a[$i$j] j=`expr $j + 1` done i=`expr $i + 1` j=1 done echo " The reverse Matrix Is: " ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 12

i=1 j=1 while [ $i -le $n ] ; do while [ $j -le $m ] do echo -e " ${a[$j$i]} \c" j=`expr $j + 1` done i=`expr $i + 1` j=1 echo " " done

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OUTPUT :

enter size oif matrix row size 2 coloumn size 2 Enter Matrix elements 1 2 3 4 The reverse Matrix Is: 1 3 2 4

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Experiment:7 ( a )

AIM :

Write a C program that counts the number of blanks in a text file. using standard I/O using system calls. a. Using standard I/O

PROGRAM : #include<stdio.h> main(int argc,char *argv[]) { int i=1,c,sp; FILE *fp; fp=stdin; do { if(argc>1 && (fp=fopen(argv[i],"r"))==NULL) { printf("can not open %s\n",argv[i]); continue; } sp=0; ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 15

while((c=getc(fp))!=EOF) { if(c==' ' || c=='\t' || c=='\n') sp=sp+1; } printf("The no of spaces in the file are : %d\n",sp); fclose(fp); }while(++i<argc); }

OUTPUT : The no of spaces in the file are : 48

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Experiment:7 ( b ) AIM :

Write a C program that counts the number of blanks in a text file. using standard I/O using system calls. b. Using system calls

PROGRAM : #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<fcntl.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main () { int fd; char buff[2]; int c=0; char pathname[30]; printf("enter file name:"); scanf("%s",pathname); if((fd=open(pathname,O_RDONLY))==-1) { printf("file not exists/unable to open"); ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 17

exit(1); } while(read(fd,buff,1)) { if(buff[0]==' ') c++; } printf("Blanks count in given file are: %d",c); return 0; }

OUTPUT :

enter file name:lab1.sh Blanks count in given file are: 35

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Experiment:8 ( a ) AIM :

Implement in C the following Unix commands using system calls. a) cat PROGRAM : include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<fcntl.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main () { int fd; char buff[2]; char pathname[30]; printf("Enter file name:"); scanf("%s",pathname); if((fd=open(pathname,O_RDONLY))==-1) { printf("File not Exits or Unable to open a file"); exit(1); } while(read(fd,buff,1)) ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 19

{ if((write(1,buff,1))==-1) printf("write Error"); } }

OUTPUT :

Enter file name:lab1.sh echo enter the number read a echo enter the num upto which the multiplication table has to be printed read n i=1; while [ $i -le $n ] do c=`expr $a \* $i` echo "$a * $i = $c" i=`expr $i + 1` done

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Experiment:8 ( b ) AIM : Implement in C the following Unix commands using system calls. b) mv

PROGRAM :

#include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { if(argc!=3) { printf("usage:a.out <old name> <new name>"); exit(1); } if(access(argv[1],F_OK)<0) { if("File not found"); exit(2); } if(rename(argv[1],argv[2])<0) ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 21

{ printf("Rename Error"); exit(3); } printf("%s renamed as %s",argv[1],argv[2]); return 0; }

OUTPUT :

$./a.out lab8c.c lab8b.c lab8c.c renamed as lab8b.c

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Experiment:9 ( a ) AIM :

Write a program that takes one or more file/directory names as command line input and reports the following information on the file: a) File type.

PROGRAM :

#include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<sys/types.h> int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { struct stat b; int i; for(i=1;i<argc;i++) { if(lstat(argv[i],&b)==-1) { printf("%s",argv[i]); fflush(stdout); ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 23

perror("lstat error"); continue; } else if(S_ISREG(b.st_mode)) printf("regular file\n"); else if(S_ISDIR(b.st_mode)) printf("directory file \n"); else if(S_ISCHR(b.st_mode)) printf("character special file\n"); else if(S_ISBLK(b.st_mode)) printf("block special file \n"); else if(S_ISFIFO(b.st_mode)) printf("pipefile \n"); else if(S_ISLNK(b.st_mode)) printf("symbloic link file"); else if(S_ISSOCK(b.st_mode)) printf("socket file \n"); else printf("unknown file"); } }

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OUTPUT : $./a.out lab1.sh regular file

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Experiment:9 ( b ) AIM : Write a program that takes one or more file/directory names as command line input and reports the following information on the file: b) Number of links.

PROGRAM : #include<sys/stat.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { struct stat statbuf; int i; if(argc<2) { printf("usage:./a.out< filename(s)"); exit(1); } for(i=1;argc!=i;i++) { if(access(argv[i],F_OK)<0) ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 26

{ printf(" \n %s,File/dir not exists",argv[i]); continue; } else { if(lstat(argv[i],&statbuf)<0) { printf("unable to read Status of file :%s",argv[i]); continue; } printf("No of links :%d \t",statbuf.st_nlink); } } return(0); } OUTPUT : No of links :1 Last access time is 1207834720 Read permissions for the user Write permissions for the user Execute permissions for the user

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Experiment: 10 AIM: Write a C program that illustrates how to execute two commands concurrently with a command pipe. PROGRAM :

#include<unistd.h> int main() { int fd1[2],fd2[2],pid,i; char buf[512]={hello}; pipe(fd1); pipe(fd2); if(fork()==0) { close(fd1[0]); close (fd2[1]); write(fd1[1],hello,5); read(fd2[0],buf,5); } else { close(fd1[1]); close(fd2[0]); read(fd2[0],buf,5); for(i=0;i<=5;i++) buf[i]=toupper(buf[i]); printf(%s\n,buf); } } ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 28

Output: [cse@unix API]$ cc ipcunname3.c [cse@unix API]$ ./a.out HELLO

Experiment:11 AIM : Write a C program that illustrates the creation of child process using fork system call. PROGRAM :

#include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/types.h> int main() { int pid_t,pid; printf("the original process with pid %d and ppid %d\n",getpid(),getppid()); pid=fork(); if(pid!=0) ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 29

{ printf("\nthe parent process with pid %d and ppid %d \n",getpid(),getppid()); printf("the child pid is %d\n",pid); } else printf("\nthe child process with pid %d and ppid %d \n",getpid(),getppid()); printf("\npid %d terminates \n",getpid()); }

OUTPUT :

the original process with pid 2899 and ppid 2735

the child process with pid 2900 and ppid 2899

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Experiment:12. AIM: Write a C Program that illustrates the creation of child process using Vfork( ) system call. Source Code: #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys|types.h> int glob=6; char buf[]=a write to stdout\n; int main(void) { int var; pid-t.pid; var=88; if(write(stdout-fileno, buf,sizeof(buf)=1!=size of (buf)-1)) printf(write error); printf(before vfork()); if(((pid=vfork())<0 printf(fork error); else if(pid==0) { glob++; var++; exit(0); } printf(pid=%d,glob=%d var=%d,getpid(), glob, var); exit(0); } Output: Before vfork pid=21254,glob=7,var=89 ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 31

Experiment:13 AIM:

Write a C program that illustrates file locking semaphores.

Source code: #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/shm.h> #include <stdio.h> #define shmsz 27 main() { char c; int shmid; key_t key; char *shm, *s; key = 5678; if ((shmid = shmget(key, shmsz, ipc_creat | 0666)) < 0) { perror("shmget"); exit(1); } if ((shm = shmat(shmid, null, 0)) == (char *) -1) { perror("shmat"); exit(1); } s = shm; for (c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) *s++ = c; *s = null; while (*shm != '*') ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 32

sleep(1); exit(0);

shm_client.c #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/shm.h> #include <stdio.h> #define SHMSZ 27 main() { int shmid; key_t key; char *shm, *s; key = 5678; if ((shmid = shmget(key, SHMSZ, 0666)) < 0) { perror("shmget"); exit(1); } if ((shm = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0)) == (char *) -1) { perror("shmat"); exit(1); } for (s = shm; *s != NULL; s++) putchar(*s); putchar('\n'); *shm = '*'; exit(0); }

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Output: [cse@unix API] $ cc sharemem.c [cse@unix API] $ ./a.out The uid and gid is 504 504 Size is 4096 Lpid is 0 Cpid is 13307 Access time is 0 Deattach time is 0 Change time is 1144321934 Experiment:14 AIM:

Write a C program that implements a producer-consumer system with two process using semaphores.

Source Code: Let's suppose that we have N units free space for new products and M units occupied space (some product occupies the space). If N > 0 , then a coming producer can proceed. If M > 0 , then a coming consumer can proceed. Only one producer or consumer is allowed go to the critical area. #define N 100 typedef int semaphore; semaphore mutex = 1; /* Control access to the critical section / semaphore empty = N; /* Counts empty buffer slots */ semaphore full = 0; /* Counts full buffer slots */ producer() { int item; ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 34

while( TRUE) { produce_item(&item); P(&empty) /* Decrement empty count */ P(&mutex) /* Enter critical region */ enter_item(item); /* Put new item in buffer */ V(&mutex); /* Leave critical region */ V(&full); /* increment count of full slots */ } }

consumer() { int item; while( TRUE) { P(&full) /* Decrement full count */ P(&mutex) /* Enter critical region */ remlove_item(item); /* Take item from buffer */ V(&mutex); /* Leave critical region */ V(&empty); /* increment count of empty slots */ consume_item(item); } } Output: [cse@unix API]$ cc sem.c [cse@unix API]$ ./a.out the uid is 504 semaphore count is 1 modification time is 0 changed time is 1144305537

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Experiment:15 AIM:

communication using shared memory system calls. Source Code:

Write a C program that illustrates inter process

#include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/ipc.h> #include<sys/shm.h> Int main() { Int fd,k; Fd=shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,getpagesize(),IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL|0766); if(fd<0) { printf(not created); } struct shmid_ds p; k=shmctl(fd,ipc_stat,&p); printf(the uid and gid is %d\n%d\n,p.shm_perm.uid,p.shm_perm.gid); printf((size is %d\n,p.shm_segsz); printf(lpid is %d\n,p.shm_lpid); printf(cpid is %d\n,p.shm_cpid); printf(access time is %d\n,p.shm_atime); printf(deattach time is %d\n,p.shm_dtime); printf(change time is %d\n,p.shm_ctime); }

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Output: [cse@unix API]$ cc sharedmen.c [cse@unix API]$ ./a.out the uid and gid is 504 504 size is 4096 lpid is 0 cpid is 13307 access time is 0 deattach time is 0 change time is 1144321934

Experiment:16 AIM: Write a C program that illustrates the following: (i) Creating a message queue. (ii) Writing to a message queue. (iii) Reading from a message queue. Source Code: #include #include #include #include #include #include <stdio.h> <stdlib.h> <errno.h> <sys/types.h> <sys/ipc.h> <sys/msg.h>

struct my_msgbuf { long mtype; char mtext[200]; };

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int main(void) { struct my_msgbuf buf; int msqid; key_t key; if ((key = ftok("kirk.c", 'B')) == -1) { perror("ftok"); exit(1); } if ((msqid = msgget(key, 0644 | IPC_CREAT)) == -1) { perror("msgget"); exit(1); } printf("Enter lines of text, ^D to quit:\n"); buf.mtype = 1; /* we don't really care in this case */ while(gets(buf.mtext), !feof(stdin)) {

if (msgsnd(msqid, (struct msgbuf *)&buf, sizeof(buf), 0) == -1) perror("msgsnd"); } if (msgctl(msqid, IPC_RMID, NULL) == -1) { perror("msgctl"); exit(1); } return 0;

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#include #include #include #include #include #include

<stdio.h> <stdlib.h> <errno.h> <sys/types.h> <sys/ipc.h> <sys/msg.h>

struct my_msgbuf { long mtype; char mtext[200]; }; int main(void) { struct my_msgbuf buf; int msqid; key_t key; if ((key = ftok("kirk.c", 'B')) == -1) { /* same key as kirk.c */ perror("ftok"); exit(1); }

if ((msqid = msgget(key, 0644)) == -1) { /* connect to the queue */ perror("msgget"); exit(1); } printf("spock: ready to receive messages, captain.\n"); for(;;) /* Spock never quits! */ 39

ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB

if (msgrcv(msqid, (struct msgbuf *)&buf, sizeof(buf), 0, 0) == -1) perror("msgrcv"); exit(1); } printf("spock: \"%s\"\n", buf.mtext); } return 0;

} Output:

[cse @unix API]$ CC mqcontrol.c [cse @unix API]$ ./a.out Uid and gid is 504 504 num of bytes in message queue is 0 num of message queues in memory is 0 max num of bytes per a message is 16384 pid of last process that sends a message 0 pid of last process that receives a message 0 time of last sent message 0 time of last receive message 0 change time for last modified message 1144321778

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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Experiment:1 Aim:

Write a shell script to check the user name on the command line and check that user is logged on to that system or not.

Source Code: while: do echo enter login id of user read x who | grep $x if [$? eq 0] then echothe user $x is in login state else echo user is logged off fi done Input: Enter login id of user ramesh Output: user ramesh in login state

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Experiment:2 Aim: one

Write a program to print the sum of even numbers in process and sum of odd numbers in another process.

Source code: #include<stdio.h> int main() { int i,pid,suml=0,sum2=0,n; printf(enter n); scanf(%d,&n); pid=fork(); if(pid==0) { printf(child process:\n even numbers are \n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { if((i%2)==0) { printf(%d\n,i); sum1=sum1+i; } } printf(sum of even numbers is %d\n,sum1); } else { printf(the parent process:\n the list of odd numbers:\n); ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 43

for(i=0;i<n;i++) { if((i%1)!=0) { printf(%d\n,i); sum2=sum2+i; } } printf(sum of odd numbers is %d\n,sum2); } } printf(sum of odd(i%1)!=0) { printf(%d\n,i); sum2=sum2+i; } } printf(sum of odd numbers is %d\n,sum2); } } printf(sum of odd(i%1)!=0) { printf(%d\n,i); sum2=sum2+i; } } printf(sum of odd numbers is %d\n,sum2); } } }

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Output: [cse@unix Process]$ cc evenodd.c [cse@unix process]$ ./a.out Enter n 10 Child process: Even numbers are 0 2 4 6 8 Sum of even numbers is 20 The parent process: The list of odd numbers: 1 3 5 7 9 Sum of odd numbers is 25.

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Experiment:3 AIM:

Write a shell script to accept the 6 subjects marks and 2 subjects lab marks and print whether he is failed (or) passed. It passed then find distribution, first class (or) 2nd class (or) 3rd class.
Source Code: echo enter student name read x echo enter roll no: read y echo enter student 6 subjects marks i=0 sum=0 while[$i-ne 6] do read n if[$n-le 0-0 $n-gt 100] then echoinvalid marks exit else if[$n-le 40] then echo$x is failed exit else sum=expr $sum &$n fi fi i=expr $ i + 1 ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 46

done sum x=0 j=0 echoenter lab marks while[$j-ne 2] do read l if[$l-le 0 -o $l gt 75] then echo invalid exit else if[$l le 30] then echo $x is failed exit else sumx=expr $sumx+ $l fi fi j=expr $j+i done

sumy=expr $sum f $sumx echo total=$sumy percent=lexpr &sumy \*100 percent=lexpr $percent /750 echo[$percent -gt70] then echo $x got distinction else if[$percent le 70 a $percent gt 60] then ADVANCED UNIX PROGRAMMING LAB 47

echofirst class else if[$percentage -le 60 a $percent gt 50] then echosecond class else echothird class fi fi fi

Output: Total=574 Percent=76.53 Sanjay got distinction

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