.AAA. Ab, at the present time, now, just now, nowadays. 2.

at an immediate past or future time (extension of the present): recently, presently, shortly, from now on. Aabaad, adj. 1. settled (as a colony, a town); under cultivation (land). 2. prosperous, flourishing; full, abundant. 3. inhabited, populous. ~ karnaa, to settle, to found; to cultivate (land); to build up (as a town, or a couple); to cause (the heart) to rejoice. ~ rahnaa, to be flourishing, or prosperous. ~ honaa, = ~ rahnaa; to be occupied (a house); to have the prospect of children (a family). -aabaad, suffix (forms place names of settlements, eg. made populous by Allaah: Allahabad) Abhii [H. ab + hii], adv. at this particular time; now, just now, immediately; yet, still. ~ kaa, adj. & adv. recent, contemporary; immediately. ~ tak, adv. up till the present moment; as of this moment. ~ to, adv. as of now, as yet. ~ se, adv. from now onwards, starting now. Main ~ aayaa thaa, I had just arrived; I had already arrived. ~ - ~, adv. just recently, just (right) now. Abhii to, adv. as of now, as yet (p50) Abhi-bhuut, adj, defeated; in subjection; overwhelmed Abhi-maan, m. 1. pride. 2. unjustifiable pride ; arrogance, vanity, conceit. ~ karnaa, to behave proudly Abhi-maanii, adj. & m. 1. adj. proud. 2. arrogant3. a proud person. 4. an arrogant person. Abhy-aas [S], m. throwing towards, adding : 1. practice; drill, repetition; repeated reading, study, study. 2. habit. 3. familiarity (with/kaa). 4. mil. Manoeuvres; an exercise Acchaa, adj. 1. good; excellent; pleasant; fine, nice; healthy (climate, locality). 2. serviceable; useful. 3. sound; healthy, well; fit; recovered. 4. genuine; unadulterated; of quality. 5. virtuous; kind, benevolent, humane; well-behaved. 6. skillful (in or at/mein). 7. proper, suitable, fitting; favourable, propitious; matching (as colours). 8. fortunate; prosperous; happy. 9. adv. Well; very well etc.10. m. pl. the good: senior or distinguished men; forefathers. 11. interj. good! very good! well! oh! is that so? all right! P 16 Aa-cchaadit [S.], adj. covered; shaded; protected. 2. concealed A-cal [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. not moving; not able to move. 2. immovable; firm; fixed. 3. changeless; constant. 4. m. a mountain. Acaanak, adv. Suddenly; unexpectedly; by chance, inadvertently

Aa-caar [S], m. 1. manner of life; conduct, behaviour; good or virtuous conduct. 2. custom, usage; tradition. 3. rite, ceremony. 4. interchange (as of letters) Aa-cara [S], m. 1. conduct, behaviour. 2. custom, usage; rule or norm of conduct. 3. religious observance Aa-caary [S], m. a spiritual preceptor or guide. 2. a founder, or leader of a sect. 3. (esp. as a title) a man of distinguished learning; a senior professor; principal, &c. Aa-caaryaa [S], f. 1. a spiritual preceptress or guide2. the wife of an aacaarya. Adab, m. 1. good manners, politeness; civility; urbanity. 2. belles-lettres. ~ karnaa, to show deference or respect (to/kaa). ~ dikhaanaa, id. ~se, adv. politely; respectfully. Aa-dar [S], m. 1. respect, esteem; honour; reverence. 2. respectful treatment; notice, attention; deference. Aadat, f. 1. habit. 2. manner; knack. 3. custom Aadhaa: half Aa-dhaar [S], m. 1. base, foundation. 2. basis; premise. ~ par: on the basis (of/ke). 3. support, prop; object (as of remark); fig. supporter, patron. 4. a hollow (for water) made round the foot of a tree; water-channel. Aadhi- pref. above (from adhi) Aadhidaivik a. supernatural, arising from divine agency. adhiSTHaataa AiQaYzata presiding deity (not in dico) Adhik [S.], adj. 1. increased, exceeding; more (than se); many; much; very much, or many; great; abundant. 2. excessive; too much, too many. 3. additional. ~se~ at most. Aur ~ , adj. still more p25 Adhiktar [S], adj. 1. greater, preponderant; very many or much, &c. 2. adv. To a great extent; much; frequently; usually. ~ log, m. pl. most of the people (involved). Adhuuraa, adj. 1. incomplete, unfinished; imperfect, not fully formed; immature (a foetus; an adolescent; a plant). 2. ineffective Adhy-ayan [S], m. 1. reading. *2. study p28 Aadi, m. & adj. 1. m. beginning; origin. 2. adj. first, prior; primary; original. 3. primeval; early; primitive. 4. pre-eminent. 5. in comp. beginning with, and so on. 6. adv. Etcetera Aadii, adj. 1. accustomed (to/ka). 2. habitual

Aafat, f. 1. misfortune; disaster; trouble, turmoil. 2. hardship, misery Age , adv. 1. in front, out in front; ahead; further, further on. 2. confronting; opposite; in view, in sight. 3. in the future; again, in future. 4. next (time or place); afterwards, later. 5. previously, first; already; formerly. . furthermore. 7. (ke/se) in front, out in front (of) p81 Advanced Agya*: as you command. See aa-jaa Aham [aham, aham-], pron. 1. the self, the ego 2. m. egoism Ahamkaar, m. sense of self, egoism; pride; arrogance; self-respect Aisaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. of this sort. 2. m. such a thing (as this). 3. ppn. like. 4. adv. In this way A-jar [S], adj. not subject to age or decay; unchanging; ever young Aa-jiivan [S], adj. lifelong. Aa-jaa [S], f. 1. command, order; rule, sway, writ. 2. commandment, precept. 3. permission, leave. Ajuubaa [A ujuuba], adj. inv. & m. 1. adj. wonderful. 2. m. a miracle. 3. object, or person, of great interest or admiration. Aak [arka-], m. swallow-wort, Calotropis gigantean (a medicinal plant = madaar) Aa-kaakaa [S], f. 1. wish, desire; ambition. 2. intention. 3. hope, expectation. Aa-kaar [S], m. 1. appearance. 2. form, shape; a statue. 3. expression (of the features). 4. type; way, manner. 5. size; bulk. 6. format (of a book) Akarta: The One who accomplishes actions, but is totally detached from the fruit of those actions, from those actions, as if He was not doing any actions. Yes, this is the correct meaning, Baba gives this clarification. Aakarsa [S], m. 1. attracting, attraction. 2. attractiveness, charm Aa-karsit [S], adj. drawn, attracted; fascinated. Akartavy see Kartavy unworthy, irresponsible A-kaatyaa, adj. incontrovertible. A-kha [S], adj 1. unbroken, undivided, entire; unlimited. 2. uninterrupted, continuous. 3. indivisible, indestructible.

A-khataa [S], f. wholeness, entirety; integrity. Akhbaar: newspaper Akhiir, adv. aakhir Aakhir, adj. & m. 1. adj. last, final; latter. *2. adv. finally, at last; eventually; in the end, after all. 3. m. end. 4. outcome. P79 Aakhirii, adj. 1. last, final, having to do with the end; latter. 2. final, irrevocable Aksar, adv. 1. usually. 2. for the most part, generally. 3. often. ~ karke, adv. = ~ A-ksar [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. imperishable; unchangeable. 2. m. a character of a syllabary or other writing system; a syllable; letter. 3. pl. a writing system, syllabary, alphabet~shodhan, m. proof-reading.p11 Akoni/akohiii [ad. akauhiii-], f. an army Akauhiii (AL) 1. army consisting of 1,09,350 foot-soldiers, 65,610 horses, 21,870 chariots and 21,870 elephants. 2. vast army, legion A-kem [S], m& adj. 1. m. misfortune. 2. adj. unfortunate, wretched. A-ksunn, adj. unbroken; continuing. Alag alag prakar: different types Alankaar, m. 1. ornament, embellishment. 2. rhet. An ornament of sound or sense; figure of speech. 3. a decoration (military, civil) Aalasy [S], m. 1. laziness. 2. inactivity, inertia; drowsiness. Alaavaa [A.ilaava], adv. (as ppn. often inverted.)sg laid on top: 1. in addition (to/ke), over and above. 2. apart (from); moreover. Aalay, m. esp. in comp. house, abode, place Albelaa, adj. 1. charming, beautiful, handsome. 2. showy (in dress, manner). 3. strange, odd. Albelaapan [cf. H. albelaa], m. charm, &c Algaav [cf. H. alag, algaanaa], m. 1. separate state. 2. detachment, aloofness. 3. apathy. 4. alienation (from/se). 5. segregation; isolation. (algaanaa = alag karnaa) Almast, adj. 1. drunk. 2. lustful. 3. furious, infuriated. 4. mad, crazed. *5. transf. carefree Alp [S.], adj. 1. small; little (of amount), few; short. 2. insignificant, unimportant. 4

Alpkaalik/ alpkaaliin, adj. short-lived; short-term, temporary A-mar [S], adj & m. . 1. adj. immortal; eternal. 2. m. a divine being Amaanat, f. 1. sg. entrusted, deposited or assigned; a deposit; a security. 2. charge, trust, guardianship Aamdanii, f. 1. income; revenue. 2. proceeds, profit. 3. imports importation Aguuthaa [agustha-], m. 1. the thumb. 2. the big toe Amn [A], m. tranquillity, peace. A-mogh [S], adj. unerring, unfailing (a stratagem etc.) A [S], m. 1. part, portion; Brbh. Part or mwnmber of the body. 2. section, division; group; digit (of the moon). 3. share; inheritance. 4. fin. a share. 5. stake, bet. 6. an amount due, fee. 7. extent, degree. 8. degree (of rotation, temperature). 9. numerator (of a fraction). 10 pith, marrow; substance. 11. strength, vigour Aanaa, vi. 1. to come; to approach; to arrive; to reach (a place, or point). 2. to enter; to appear. 3. to be acquired (skill, knowledge:by, ko). 4. to be perceived or felt (by/ko: thoughts, emotions). 6. to grow, to develop (as crops, fruit); to come into vogue (a word or usage); to be inflamed (as a boil). 7. to take on a form or a guise. 8. to rise, to overflow. 9. to sit well (on/men), to fit. 10. to beseem, to grace (one/ko). 11. to be intent (on/par). 12. to issue, or to be voided. 13. to be completed, perfected (a dish; a work). 14. to be contained, held (in/men); fig. to be taken in, deceived (by). 15. to be obtained; to be purchased (for a price: men, or ko). 16. m. coming, arrival p 87. An-abhi-j [S], f. unaware, ignorant An-abhi-jtaa [S], f. unawareness, ignorance Anaadi: eternal Andaaz, m. 1. rough estimate. 2. conjecture, guess. 3. manner, style; gait; gestures. 4. affectation. ~ karnaa or algaanaa (kaa), to estimate; to evaluate; to conjecture. Andhaa, adj & m. 1. blind. 2. benighted, foolish. 3. hoodwinked, deceived. 4. dim (as a lamp, a room, a bad mirror, or a dry or overgrown well). 5. transf. filled in (a well). 6. a blind man. ~ karnaa, to blind; to blindfold; to trick, to deceive. P 7 Andhkr [S], m. 1. darkness. 2. benightedness. Andhkrmay, adj. dark, etc. An-honii, sg improbable, or impossible.

Ag [S.], m. 1. limb, member; organ. 2. the body. 3. part, constituent; branch (of knowledge); genre (of literature); section (of a whole). 4. member (of a society, group). 5. side, aspect (of a question). 6. gram. Base. P2 (ex) An-ginat, adj.1. uncounted. 2. innumerable. An-ginaa [cf. H. ginnaa], adj. 1. uncounted. 2. innumerable. Ajli [S], f. 1. the hollowed hands placed together and raised to the forehead (in salutation, or entreaty). 2. a double handful p4 Ajaam [P. anjaam], m. end, completion, conclusion. 2. result, upshot. ~ paanaa, to be finished, &c. ~ denaa (ko), to finish, &c; to manage, to carry out (a task) Ak [S], m. 1. a number, a figure. 2. a mark, spot, line; stamp; brand; price-mark. 3. sthg written: a letter, syllable; marginal annotation. 4. number, issue (of a publication). 5. numerical position: place, or mark (as in a class); valuation. 6. act (of a drama). 7. point (in a game). 8. hip (of a mother as when carrying a young child), lap; embrace. 9. the body Ansh matr: not even a trace Antaraal, m. & adj. interval; interior; internal, central Antim [S.], adj. last; final; ultimate. Au [S], m. & adj. a particle, fragment, tiny amount; speck. 2. an atom. 3. a molecule. 4. adj. minute, microscopic. Anu-bhav [S], m. 1. perception; consciousness. 2. feeling. *3. experience (of/kaa, se); impression (of) Anu-bhuuti [S], f. 1. perception. 2. realisation. *3 feeling; sensitivity (of feeling) Anu-kuul [S], adj. 1. conformable to; in accord with. 2. favourable; helpful. 3. welldisposed. 4. ppn. (w. ke). In accordance (with); according to. Anu-modan [S], m. 1. approval. 2. encouragement, incitement. 3. seconding (a motion). Anu-saar, m. conformity to usage: 1. ppn. (w. ke). According, conformably (to); answering (to); following, like. 2. adv. In comp. id. Niyamaanusar, in accordance with rule or habit. Anu-aasak [S], m. 1. one in control; governor; administrator. 2. preceptor. 3. proctor. Anu-aasan [S], m. 1. control; discipline. 2. control; management. 3. directive, precept

Anu-aasanhiin a. undisciplined Anu-aasanhiintaa f. indiscipline Anu-haan [S], m. carrying out, undertaking (an activity). 2. beginning, inception. 3. observance, rite, practice. Any. Adj. other; different A-ny-aay, m. 1. injustice, wrong. 2. oppression, outrage. A-ny-aayii, adj. & m. 1. adj. unjust, wrong. 2. oppressive; wicked. 3. m. an unjust person. 4. a wrong-doer. Aa-pdaa [S], f. 1. misfortune, disaster. 2. distress p88 Ap-maan [S], m. 1. disrespect; disparagement; slander. 2. dishonour, disgrace; libel. 3. insult. 4. contempt Apke agya ho*: if you permit A-paar [S], adj. 1. shoreless. 2. unbounded; infinite. 3. impassable. 4. unsurpassed, incomparable. 5. excessive. Aapas [cf.aatman-], f. kindred, brotherhood; intimate group Aapas rehna: to live in harmony; to live as man and wife Aapas me: together Apnaanaa, vt. 1. to make (a person or thing) ones own, &c (= apnaa karnaa). 2. to follow, to adopt (an attitude or a course of action) Apnaapan, m. 1. kinship. 2. affinity, intimacy. 3. self-respect Apne aap, refl. Pron. oneself; adv. on ones own, &c. (= aap se aap, aap hii aap) Aql, f. understanding, good sense; mind; wisdom A-raajaktaa [S], f. anarchy Aaraam: confortable Aaanaa, [see arnaa below], vt. 1. to cause to stop, to check; to obstruct. 2. to ram, to thrust (into/men); to push, to shove (against/se). 3. to stop up, toplug, to cork. 4. to jam, to wedge (objects together); to give support to. 5. to use pressure or force; to compel. 6. to suspend, to postpone Acan, f. obstacles, hindrance, difficulty (in the matter of/mein)

Anaa, vi. 1. to come to a stop, to stop; to stick. 2. to be obstinate; to jib; to be obstructive. 3. to intervene, to interfere (in/men). 4. to be determined (on/par). 5. to be or to become jammed, locked, wedged, or entangled. 6. to knock, to jostle (against/se). 7. to be in pawn Arpan, m. 1. delivering, entrusting. 2. placing in or upon. 3. an offering; sacrifice; gift. ~karnaa, to present, to offer (a gift); to devote (to/ko); to dedicate (to) (voir samarpan). Ar [A `ar], m. U. 1. highest heaven. 2. throne Arth [S], m. 1. object, purpose; motive; interest. 2. advantage, profit. *3. sense, meaning. *4. substance, wealth; assets; worldly prosperity; finance, finances; in comp. economy (of a state). 5. gram. mood. 6. (in comp.) for the purpose, or the sake, of. 7. for the sake (of/ke) p 56 Arthaat: meaning Arth sahit: with meaning Aarzuu f. wish, desire, longing, craving, yarning (= aarjuu) Aaaa [S], f. 1. hope, expectation; prospect. 2. trust, reliance (on/par or kii). 3. wish, desire Aa-sakti, f. 1. attachment, attraction (to/se). 2. devotion (to); infatuation (with). Aasaan [P], adj. 1. easy; simple. 2. manageable; convenient Aasan [S], m. 1. sitting; posture. 2. a seat; mat of cloth, grass or skin (as used to sit on in prayer). 3. place, seat (as of an ascetic). 4. a posture (as in yoga) A-aant, adj. not at peace, restless; disturbed A-aanti, f. 1. restlessness, anxiety; concern. 2. disturbance; disturbed situation Asar [A], m. footprint: 1. effect. 2. impression; influence. ~ karnaa/panaa (par or mein), to have an effect (on), to be effective Aasaar, m. 1. tracks, traces. *2. signs, indications; symptoms. 3. relics, monuments. 4. foundation (as of a building). 5. breadth (of a wall). Aasiin [S], adj. 1. seated. 2. installed, ensconced (in/par); occupying (a post). Aaiq, m. loving: a lover. ~ honaa, to be or fall in love (with/par) Aaiq-maauuq, m. pl. lover and beloved, lovers. Asl, m. f. & adj. 1. m. f. origin, base source. 2. substance, essence; original or real nature. 3. stock, lineage. 4. m. a man of good family. 5. an original (document &c). 6. principal (amount: as opposed to interest).

~ mein, adv. In fact; positively, absolutely. Asliyat, f. 1. reality. 2. essential quality. 3. originality. 4. genuineness; purity. Aslii, adj. 1. original; primary, basic; primitive; indigenous. 2. real, essential; actual. 3. genuine; unadulterated, pure. 4. inherent, innate. Aasmaan, m. the sky; the heavens (p98 expressions) A-spar [S], m. hind. Non-contact: prohibition of physical contact (of one who has washed, before worship or eating, and of a woman in her period) A-raddhaa [S], f. 1. disbelief, want of faith. 2. lack of reverence or esteem. Arafii, , f. var. /aarfii/. A gold coin formerly current worth variously between sixteen and twenty-five rupees. A-sthaayii [S], adj. 1. unfixed, impermanent; of short duration. 2. small (works) Aastiin [P], m. 1. sleeve. 2. cuff. Astr [S], m. 1. a weapn (esp. any missile: spear, arrow, &c). 2. armament. 3. transf. means, resources. Aasur [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. pertaining to an evil spirit. 2. m. an evil spirit Aasuri [cf.aasura-]. Adj. = aasur. Aau [S.], adv. swiftly Aauto, adj. easily pleased; ; soon appeased Aaknaa, vi. 1. to be stopped, hindered or checked; to be withheld (as pay). 2. to hesitate, to falter (as in speech). 3. to delay, to linger. 4. to stick, to catch. 5. Brbh. To be caught (by/se). 6. to be fastened, attached (to/men, par). 7. to be entangled, or infatuated (with or by/se); to have an affair (with/se). 8. fig. to be dependent (on/se); to be under the control (of). Aatam, Brbh. Av. (chiefly in comp.) = aatmaa Aa-ttaayii [S], m. one whose bow is drawn: 1. one intent on violence: a dangerous criminal (as a murderer, poisoner, incendiary). 2. a tyrant; oppressor Atvaa [S.], conj.or A-thaah [asthaagha-], adj. & m. 1. adj. bottomless, unplumbed. 2. beyond a mans depth, unfordable (water, a river). 3. fig. imponderable. 4. a depth, abyss.

Arthat Aqaa-t It means

ca/kkuk =to comfort

fookl fnykuk=to reassure] <k<+l

But the Father has given this assurance (aathat) to everyone. Ati, adj&f. chiefly in comp. 1. adj. very much, very great. 2. excessive. 3. beyond (in point of time or space). 4. excess, immoderateness. Aty-aa-caar [S], m. 1. transgression (of rules, propriety). 2. excess, outrageous action; atrocity. 3. tyranny Aticaar, m. 1. trespass 2. defiance 3. violation Aatmaa p84 Aatmaanih, adj. concerned with the self (and its relation to the ultimate being); subjective. Aatmik [S.], adj. 1. having to do with the self, or with the soul. 2. spiritual. Augha [cf. H. ghahnaa], adj. 1. misshapen. 2. awkward, ungainly; uncouth. 3. strange Aulaad [A.: pl of valad], f. children; offspring; descendants Aur [apara-], conj. & adv. 1. conj. And; moreover. 2. but, still. 3. adv. Besides, additionally; further, again. 4. otherwise, else. 5. adj. other, different. 6. extra, additional. ~ ~, adj. others besides; various, different. ~ ek, adj. another. ~ ka ~, adv. Quite different; quite changed; contrary, reversed. ~ kuch, something different; something further, some more. ~ koii, another, a different; someone else. ~ kahiin, elsewhere. ~ kya, adv. What else? Of course! You know! ~ to ~, adv. Others apart; what of others? ~ bhii, adv. Again, further; still more; furthermore. ~ hii, adj. quite different. ~ hii kuch, sg. quite new, unexampled. Aur ek: another Aur ka aur: quite different, quite changed, contrary Aur kahin: elsewhere Av-gaah [S], adj & m. /Av-gaahan [S], m. Av. 1. adj. deep, bottomless. 2. unattainable. 3. m. bathing. 4. plunge, dive. 5. immersion (as in thought). Avgaahan karnaa v.t. to get immersed, to investigate Av-gu [S], m. 1.defect, fault. 2. vice Aa-vaah- [aavaahayati], vt. Brbh. To call, to summon. Aa-vaahan [S.], m. 1. calling, summons. 2. invitation; an appeal. 3. invocation. Av-jaa [S], m. disregard, disrespect (as for a person, or an order); neglect; contempt. 10

Av-mnt [S], f. disregard, downgrading (for, of/kii) Aa-vartan [S], m. 1. turning motion, rotation; turn; return. 2. recurrence. Avashy, adj. unrestrained, uncontrolled. 2. adv. Necessarily, without doubt; at all costs; without fail. 3. certainly, of course. Av-sthaa, f. 1. state; condition; circumstances, situation. 2. stage (of life, progress); age. Aavaaz (f): voice, sound Aaveg: haste, fit of anger A-vidyaa [S], f. 1. ignorance. 2. false understanding, error. 3. transf. illiteracy. 4. stupidity Aa-vRitti [S], f. 1. recurrence, repetition. 2. rehearsing, learning by heart (a lesson, &c.) 3. (new edition of a book) A-vy-yakt [S], adj. 1. unmanifested; unknown. 2. unclear. 3. imperceptible. Aayu, f. 1. span of life, age; long life. 2. period of time; term .BBB. Baat, f. 1. sg. said, a word, remark; speech, talk, words; conversation; discussion. 2. a matter, topic, subject, concern; fact; thing. 3, news, account; report p722 Bhii, adv. & conj. . encl. 1. also; too. 2. as much as, even. ab ~, even now, still. ek ~ nahin, not even one. 3. besides, additionally; still. 4. furthermore. 5. of any quantity or identity, kuch ~ ho, whatever it may be. 6. by any means, by all mean; at all events. ~ ~, both and. To ~, but even so Aur bhii: moreover, likewise Bhii nahin: not even Kuch kahoo bhii to: please do say something. Cup bhii raho: really shut up Baitho bhii: do sit down Babuul [babbuula-], m. f. the acacia tree Bachiyaa, f. 1. a calf (female). 2. colloq. girl, child (term of endearment) Bacnaa [vacyate], vi. 1. to be saved, to be safe; to escape (to escape (from/se); to survive; to be spared (by fate, illness); to recover. 2. to be left over; to be saved (as money, food).

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3. to turn away (from); to avoid (as error, vice); to avoid (as an unwanted visitor); to keep clear (of:as of vehicles) p697 Bacpan: childhood Badalnaa [cf. H. badal], vi&t. 1. vi. To change, to be changed; to vary; to be transformed. 2. to be exchanged (for sg else). 3. to be removed; to be transferred; to be transplanted. 4. to change for the worse; to look older; to fade. 5. vt. To change (sg), to alter; to transform; to disguise. 6. to exchange..8. to misrepresent (meaning, intention) p703 Badhaaii, f. 1. congratulation(s). 2. festivity, festivities. 3. congratulatory gift. 4. growth, increase. ~ denaa (ko), to congratulate (one: on/par, ke liye, kii) Badlaa [cf. A. badal], m. 1. exchange. 2. substitute. 3. recompense; compensation; restitution. 4. return, retaliation; revenge; reprisal. 5. ppn. (w. ke), in exchange or return (for). Baadaah m. sovereign, monarch, king; emperor. Baadaahat [P], f. 1. sovereign rule, sway. 2. empire, kingdom. Baadaahaanaa [P. paadaahaana], adj. inv. & adv. 1. adj. regal, royal; pertaining to the crown (as land, court); imperial Badtar: worse Bagair, adv (ke bagair): without, excluding, except. Bagar, m. reg. (W.) 1. a house. 2. enclosure for cattle Bagarnaa, vi. Reg. to spread, to scatter. Bagulaa, m. = baglaa Baglaa [cf. baka-], m. 1. heron. 2. ? crane. Baglaa-bhagat, m. false devotee, hypocrite (expl why p 697) Bahaadur, adj & m. 1. adj. brave, bold. 2. m. hero. 3. (affixed to a name) a partic. Honorific title. Bahaanaa, m. 1. excuse, pretext. 2. evasion, subterfuge. 3. affectation. ~ karnaa, to make an excuse; to sham; to prevaricate. Bhane, adv. under the pretext, &c. (of/ke). Bahaanaa [cf. H. bahnaa], vt. 1. to cause to flow; to put forth or out; to shed (tears, blood); to express (liquid). 2. to cause to float; to set adrift ( a boat etc.); to launch. 3. to wash away (as dirt , or sin). 4. to sweep away, to ruin (as a reputation). 5. to drive away (clouds). 6. to squander (money). 7. to sell very cheaply.

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Bahnaa [vahati], vi. 1. to flow. 2. to float; to drift; to glide. 3. to overflow (as a tank). 4. to run, or to ooze (as a wound). 5. to melt, to run (as wax). 6. to blow (a wind). 7. Av. To carry. 8. to be carried away; to be separated, dispersed; to fly (in the wind: a kite). 9. to slip, to fall or to fly from place (a piece of clothing). 10. Brbh. to wander, to stray. 11. esp. w. calnaa. to be ruined, depraved. 12. to be squandered (money). 13. to exist no more (an attitude). 14. to become watery; to dissolve. Bahaar, f. 1. spring. 2. flourishing state; youth; prime. 3. beauty, splendour; elegance. 4. delight. 5. mus. Name of a raaginii Bahit [P. bihit], f. paradise. ~ kaa, adj. Fig. delightful, refreshing (as climate, &c.) Baithnaa, vi. 1. to sit, to sit down. 2. to board, to mount. 3. to brood (a hen) 4. to sink; to decline, to be impaired; to grow hoarse (voice); to founder (as a business). 5. to subside (as a swelling); to settle (a precipitate). 6. to collapse (a building). 7. to grow lukewarm (in support). 8. to take up, to assume occupancy. 9. to be expended (on/par, money). 10. to take part. (in/mein: a class); to sit (an examination) 11. to take root, to grow (a crop). 12. to alight, to settle; to take (as a graft); to take up residence. 13. to sit idle, unemployed. 14. to set (as the sun). 15. to pair, to couple (with/ke saath: animals, birds). 16. to lose quality, taste, flavour etc. 17. to weigh (on a scale etc.); to amount to (in weigh, value). 18. to strike home, or true (a blow, shot). 19. to be placed, to sit (on/par: as a hat). 20. to have force. 21. to become practised (as the hand, in a skill) Bajnaa, vt. To sound, to resound: 1. to be played (a musical instrument). 2. to be struck (a bell, gong etc.); to be clapped (the hands). 3. to strike (a clock). 4. to be fired, to go off (gun etc.). 5. to chatter (teeth). 6. to be wielded violently (swords, staves; or shoes: against/par). 7. fig. to be known (as), to go under the name (of) Bajaanaa, vt. To cause to sound: 1. to play (instrument, recording). 2. to strike (bell, gong); to beat (drum); to clap. 3. colloq to shoot off, to fire (gun) Bajraa, m. 1. a keelless, round-bottomed passenger boat (used for river travel). 2. a barge. Bajraa, m. reg. (W.) millet Baal [balaa-], adj. & m. 1. adj. young. 2. m. a young person; child, boy; youth; infant. 3. a minor. A juvenile. 4. one yet immature. 5. a young animal; a colt; young elephant. Baal [baalaa-], fig. girl. Baal [vaala-], m. 1. a hair. 2. a crack, hairline (in glass, porcelain; or in a pearl). 3. pl. the hair of the head. Baal [valla-: Pk. vaalaa-], f. ear or spike of corn. Baal [P.], m. wing Baalak [S], m. a child, a boy Baaluu [vaalukaa-], f. sand, gravel. ~ kii, adj. sandy (soil) (Baalui: sandy)

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Badhnaa, vi & m. 1. vi. To be fastened, bound, tied (to/se, ke saath). 2. to be enclosed, confined; to be imprisoned. 3. to be caught, ensnared. 4. to be under obligation, to have no choice (in a matter). 5. to be built, erected. 6. to be continuous, uninterrupted (as thought); to be kept in mind (a memory; to be regular or constant. 7. to be fixed (as a wage). 8. to be customary. 9. to be involved, entangled (with/se). 10. m. cord, string, thread. 11. wrapper; needlecase Baasurii [cf. vaii-], f. pipe, flute Baan, m. 1. arrow; projectile. 2. an implement used in scotching cotton. Ban [vana-], m. 1. forest, jungle; scrub country; wood; grove, thicket. 2. reg. cotton in the field, cotton crop. 3. reg. payment in kind for field-work (as weeding, reaping). 4. pl. price paid for pasturage p 704 Bannaa, vi: to be made (from/se; of/kaa). 2. to be created, formed; to be composed; to be invented. 3. to be constructed. Built. 4. to be established. 5. to be prepared; to be cooked. 6. to be finished, completed; to be managed, or achieved. 7. to turn out right; to fit. 8. to be possible, contrivable. 9. to be fixed, settled (a matter). 10. to be set to rights; to be repaired (as a watch); to be operated on successfully (a part of the body); to be adjusted; to be improved, to improve; to be trimmed (hair, beard); to be decorated (a garment. &c.); to be dressed up. 11. to become; to be appointed (to a post). 12. to be assumed (a air, a disguise); to act (a part). 13. to be changed into (from/se). 14. to be gained, made (as profit). 15. to come about, to happen. 16. to continue. ~ rahnaa, to carry on (in present state); to remain unchanged; to be still alive, or in health. 17. to be suitable or appropriate (for a purpose, an occasion). 18. to prosper; to get on well or harmoniously (with) unmein khuub bantii hai, they get on very well. 19. to be healthy, robust. 20. to make oneself look foolish; to be ridiculed. ~ aanaa, to have good fortune; to succeed (as a venture); to come to pass; to turn (on/par) Banaanaa: to make (p 705) Banaava, f. make, construction; structure. 2. build (of body). 3. nature, character; composition (as of soil). 4. form, appearance. 5. show, display; affectation. 6. artifice, art. 7. a fiction, pretence; forgery; an imitation. Band, adj. & m. 1. adj. fastened, tied, bound. 2. enclosed; confined. 3. closed, shut. 4. stopped (as a mechanism); turned off (appliance, electricity etc). 5. come to an end; stoppedprohibited..8. filled (hole, gap). 9. heavy, oppressive (air atmosphere). 10. m. a fastening, or tie; belt; lace, draw-string; bandage; band, strip, ribbon, knot. 11. joint (of the body); knuckle. 12. dam; embankment. 13. confinement, imprisonment p692 Band karna: to stop Bandaa, m. 1. servant; slave. 2. your servant (self deprecatory term used in addressing a superior

14

Bandaa, m. reg. 1. pl. a grain-store. 2. W, the roof of a grain-store. Bandhan, m. 1. fastening, tying togetherp693 Bandhu [S.], m. 1. relative. 2. brother. 3. friend Baannaa: to share (T?) Baaqii [A], adj. & f. 1. adj. remaining, enduring, extant. *2. left over. 3. still to happen. 4. remainder. 5. surplus, credit balance. 6. balance outstanding, arrears, sum due. 7. adv. but yet, nonetheless Baraa: adj. 1. big, large; great. 2. great (in prestige, standing); noble, eminent; important; wealthy. 3. senior (in years); elder; adult. 4. chief, principal (in rank or standing); senior; upper, high (as a court). 5. important (a matter, occasion); grave, serious. 6. adv. Very, exceedingly; excessively Baraabar [P. baraabar], adj. & adv. 1. adj. abreast, level (with/ke); equal (as a score); even, quits (as rivals). 2. adjacent (to); neighbouring; opposite (to). 3. comparable, equal, exact; approximate. 4. uniform, similar. 5. smooth all over, level; filled in (a ditch); levelled, razed; finished (as work); brought to nothing, squandered (as a fortune). 6. parallel. 7. adv. leading directly, direct (a route). 8. constantly, regularly; continuously; straight on without interruption. 9. without delay. Baraaii, f. 1. largeness; bulk, size; volume; extent. 2. prestige, standing. 3. seniority; rank. 4. praise, commendation; self-praise, boasting Barapnaa [cf. H. barpaanaa], vi. To be set afoot, to be stirred up. Baraat (or baaraat) [varayaatraa-], f. 1. marriage procession or journey (of bridegroom to brides house). 2. transf. marriage party, wedding guests. 3. troop, crowd. ~ karnaa/men jaanaa, to take part in a marriage procession Baar baar: again and again Barf, f. m. 1. ice. 2. snow; hail. 3. an ice-cream p711 Barhnaa [vardhate], vi. 1. to increase; to grow larger; to be extended; to be prolonged (a period). 2. to grow (living creature, plants). 3. to rise; to swell; to rise in price. 4. to be quickened (gait, pace). 5. to be advanced; to develop (as an activity). 6. to be extended (as influence). 7. to prosper, to flourish. 8. to go forward or ahead; to be let loose or free (as a kite). 9. to be stretched out (a hand etc.). 10. to surpass, to go beyond (se). 11. to be acquired12. to be stopped (as a supply); to be checked. 13. to taken off (bangles, by a widow). 14. to be closed (a shop, a stall). 15. to be extinguished (a lamp) Barhaanaa: to extend, make increase, advance, grow

15

Barhiyaa, adj. inv. 1. excellent, good (of quality), fine; nice. 2. fertile (soil). 3. highpriced (2nd meaning: a kind of stone obtained at Chunas) Barqaraar rakhnaa [in: bar (5)], to establish, &c; to uphold; to confirm, to ratify Barqaraar, fixed, established maintained Barobar, adj. & adv. corr. = baraabar Barsaat: rain Basaanaa [cf. H. basnaa]. Vt. 1. to cause to dwell; to settle (a country, a region). 2. to bring into cultivation (land). 3. to take into ones house to stay (a traveler, &c). 4. to found (a town; a household or family) p714 Baat, f. p722 1.something said, a word, remark, speech, talk, words ; conversation ; discussion. 2. a matter, topic, subject, concern; fact; thing Bataanaa, vt. 1. to inform ; to state, to tell ; to relate (to/ko) ; to describe. 2. to point out, to explain; to show (as a road); to indicate by gestures. 3. to indicate (as facts a conclusion). 4. colloq. To teach (one) a lesson, to punish Bataur adv. 1. as, like. 2. in the nature of Baiyaa, f. reg. narrow path or passage. Baiyaa, f. 1. a small weight. 2. a small stone (as for grinding weighing). 3. a lump (as of clay, stone); idol. Battii [vartikaa-], f. 1. wick; fuse. 2. light, candle; match; taper. 3. lamp; light (on a vehicle). 4. bundle(of thatching etc.); faggot. 5. stick (of sealing-wax). 6. lint. 7. twisted folds (of a turban etc) Bavaaraa, m. = bavaaraa, m. 1. division, sharing (as of assets); partition (of land, territory). 2. allocation, distribution. 3. split, division, schism. Baudhik praani: intellectual creature Baazii, f. 1. game, play; a game, contest. 2. a game of chance; gambling. 3. wager, bet. 4. turn, play (in a game). ~ badnaa, or algaanaa, to lay a bet (on/kii); to stake Be-, pref. without: in-, un-, im-, dis-, less-, &c. p744 Becaaraa, adj & m. without means or recourse, helpless; poor, wretched; a wretched person. Begaanaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. strange, foreign, alien. 2. m. a stranger, foreigner; outsider

16

Bekaar, adj. & m. = bekaam; without force, invalid; unoccupied (time); an unemployed person. ~ karnaa, to render useless, &c.; to invalidate; to thwart, to frustrate (as a plan) Bekaam, adj. useless, ineffective; worthless; without work Behaal a. 1. miserable 2. indisposed 3. distressed 4. afflicted 5. on the verge of death Beqaayadaa, adj. not in order; irregular; improper. Besamajh, unintelligent, stupid Betaal, adj. out of time (in music); out of time, rhythm Bhaag [S], m. 1. part; share; division; section. 2. math. Fraction. 3. degree (of angle). 4. math. Division. 5. fate, lot. 6. ? distribution p 763 Bhaagnaa [cf. bhagna-1], vi. 1. to run away, to flee. 2. to run off, to vanish. 3. to keep clear (of/se), to avoid (a task, &c) Bhagaanaa [cf. H. bhaagnaa], vt. & vi. 1. vt. To cause to flee: to chase away, to put to flight. 2. vi. Brbh. Av = bhaagnaa / bhaag se jaanaa, to abduct; to elope with Bhaagiidaar: business partner Bhagvaan, adj. & m. 1. adj. glorious, divine, to be adored; worshipful. 2. the supreme being (esp. as equated with Vishnu-Krishna). 3. title of a venerated deity (as the buddha). 4. any revered person (term of address). Bhagvaanaa [cf H. bhaagnaa], vt. to cause to be chased away (by/se); to put to flight. Bhaagy [S.], m. 1. fortune; fate; destiny. 2. chance Bhagyaalii, fortunate, lucky Bhagyaaliirath: m. the maker of fortune Bhal -, adj. good. Bhalaa [cf.bhalla- ], adj & m.& interj. 1. adj. good; excellent. 2. honest, righteous. 3. kind, kindly. 4. in good health. 5. m. welfare. 6. advantage, benefit. 7. interj. Well! How lucky! 8. indeed, in truth. ~ hii, adv. let it be the case: even if; it may well be (but) Bhaan [bhaana-1], m. 1. appearance. 2. consciousness (of/kaa); recollection Bhaannaa, vt. esp in comp. = bhuunaa: vt. 1. to roast; to parch (grain); to bake. 2. to fry . 3. to scorch, to burn; to cause suffering (to)

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Bhaati, f. 1. way, manner. 2. ppn. w. [kii]. In the manner of, like. ~ ~ ke/kii, adj. pl. various kinds (of) Bhagii, m. 1. name of a community of sweeper. 2. a man of the bhagii community. Bhar [cf. H. bharnaa], adv. & pref. & m. 1. adv. the amount of; the whole of. 2. at most, just. 3. pref. (usu. w. verbal elements.) the amount of ; the whole of. 4. m. load; bulk, size Bharnaa, vi & vt. 1. vi. to be filled, to fill; to be full (of/se). 2. to be finished, complete (as days, time). 3. to abound (in/se); to be covered (with: as a table with books; or as a face with pock-marks). 4. esp. with jaanaa. to be blocked up. 5. to be loaded or charged (a firearm). 6. to be loaded (as burden: on/par). 7. to be covered, clogged, coated (with/se). 8. to be put or poured (into a container or space, so as to fill it wholly or partly: mein); to be cast (in a mould). 9. to be daubed, applied (as paint: to/mein). 10. to be paid, remitted (a full amount: as feed, tax); to be refunded, or maid good (a loss). 11. to fill, to ripen; to come to a head (as a boil). 12. to fill out (the body). 13. to heal (a wound). 14. to swell (as the feet from walking). 15. to be mated. (a female animal); to conceive. 16. to be satisfied. 17. (w. aanaa) to be moved (by feelings, emotion). 18. (w. jaanaa) to be overcome. 19. vt. to fill (with/se). 20. to perform. 21. to complete, to live out (ones days). 22. to bestow in abundance. 23. to load (on to: par/mein). 24. to coat liberally (with/se: as the feet with lac). 25. to put or to pour (an object or substance into a container or space so as to fill it wholly or partly). 26. to insert (into/mein); to cram (in). 27. to load (a firearm). 28. to stow away (in/mein); to hoard. 29. to pay (a full amount: as fees, tax); to refund or to make good (a loss); to deposit (a pledge). 30. Brbh. To steep, to soak (in/mein). 31. to daub, to apply (on or to/mein); to paint; to paint a vivid or exaggerated picture (of). 32. to wind, to twine (on/mein). 33. to give, to depose (evidence etc.). 34. to pay (the penalty of ); to suffer in full measure for. 35. esp. w. lenaa. To exact a payment (from/se). 36. to satisfy. p760 Bharaanaa [cf. H. bharnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be filled. 2. to fill out (a form). 3. to feed its young (a bird). 4. to have made pregnant (a mare by a stallion) Bharapuur: 1. brimful (dbordant), abundant, replete (rempli, rassasi), prosperous. 2. adv. Fully, thoroughly Bhaaratvarsh, m. BaartvaYa- region of Bharata; India Bharmaanaa [cf. H. bhram], vt. & vi. 1. vt. To cause to stray, to mislead; to deceive. 2. to confuse; to tempt, to allure. 3. to alarm. 4. Brbh. Vi. To be confused, &c. Bhaarii, adj. 1. heavy. 2. massive; vast; crowded (a gathering). 3. great, grand, vast; high (as hopes); large, great (as an amount, an expense); momentous (as a topic). 4. burdensome, difficult; grave (a responsibility, a problem); grievous (as a blow); dire (danger, disease); tiresome; oppressive (as climate). 5. of weight or substance (as an authority, proof, evidence). 6. precious, valuable. 7. heavy, sluggish (as the head, the

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energies); slow (of pace). 8. loud-sounding; deep (voice); hoarse. 9. burdened, dejected p765 Bhaaaa [S], f. 1. language, speech. 2. a language; a dialect. 3. vernacular usage (as distinct from a classical or semi-classical standard) Bhasm [S], m. ashes ; cinders. ~ honaa, to be reduced to ashes; to be utterly destroyed Bhaasn, m. 1. a speech; a lecture; talk. 2. speaking, utterance, speech Bhaasnaa [bhaasati], vi. To appear, to be known. Bhaaknaa, vi. 1. to stray, to wander. 2. to lose the way. 3. to err. 4. to be restless, to pine (for/ke lie). bhaaknaa phirnaa, to wander about (aimlessly, or lost) Bhautikvaadii: materialistic Bhavisy, adj. & m. 1. adj. future. 2. m. the future. 3. gram. future tense. Bhav [S.], m. 1. being, existence. 2. natural state, character or quality; disposition, temperament. 3. way, manner. 4. intention, purpose. 5. meaning, purport. 6. astron. Aspect (of heavenly bodies). 7. mind, heart, soul. 8. emotion, feeling; instinctive goodwill; implicit belief; inclination. 9. notion, idea. 10. outward indication of emotion or meaning; expression; gesticulation. 11. gram. Mood. 12. price; going rate, rate of exchange. Bhav-bhangii, f. = bhav, 10; partic. manner, mannerism Bhavan [S], m. 1. place of being or abode: building (esp. a public); chamber (legislative); mansion; palace. 2. coming to being, birth. Bhay [S.], m. fear; misgivings. ~ karnaa, to be afraid (of,se), ~ khaanaa (se), id. ~ dikhaanaa, or denaa (ko), to put in fear; to intimidate, to threaten. ~ lagnaa, fear to be felt. ~ honaa, fear to be felt (by, ko). Bhay-bhiit, adj. frightened, afraid. Bhayaatur, adj. fearful. Bhayankar [S], adj. fearsome, terrible Bhed [S], m. splitting, separating: 1. difference, distinction; peculiarity. 2. kind, species. 3. discrimination (between/mein; against/, ke saath). 4. secret matter, mystery. 5. division (as between allies); breach, rupture (in relations). 6. fissure Bhe, f. 1. meeting (with/se); visit. 2. an interview. 3. present (as to a superior; an offering (to a deity). 4. a votive hymn Bhii, adv. & conj. . encl. 1. also; too. 2. as much as, even. ab ~, even now, still. ek ~ nahin, not even one. 3. besides, additionally; still. 4. furthermore. 5. of any quantity or

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identity, kuch ~ ho, whatever it may be. 6. by any means, by all mean; at all events. ~ ~, both and. To ~, but even so Bhii nahin: not even Bhiikh, f. 1. begging. 2. alms. ~ maangnaa, to beg (from/se) Bhikhmagaa [H bhiikh + H. maagnaa], m. beggar Bhinn [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. divided, separated; separate. 2. distinct, different; other. 3. split, broken. 4. open (a flower). 5. m. a fraction Bhii, f. 1. a crowd, crush. 2. transf. great quantity (of work, or troubles) p768 Bhoktaa, m. inv. Enjoyer: 1. consumer (of food); good liver; epicure. 2. one who makes use of (goods, a service, etc.). 3. one who experiences. Bhog, m. 1. enjoyment; pleasure in food; eating. 2. use; benefit (of funds, property). 3. experiencing (an emotion); pleasure, gratification; suffering. 4. sexual enjoyment, sexual intercourse. 5. any object of enjoyment: food; food offered to an idol. 6. astron. Presence (of a planet in a partic. constellation). Bhognaa, vt. 1. to enjoy. 2. to suffer for (as for sins). 3. to experience; to suffer; to endure. Bhogii, adj. & m. 1. adj. enjoying, using, experiencing, &c. 2. voluptuous. 3. m. one who enjoys the pleasures of the senses. 4. a voluptuous person. Bhojan [S], m. 1, eating; a meal. 2. food. ~ karnaa, to dine; to give food (to/kaa). Bhojanshaalaa, f. eating-place; kitchen. Bhojan-suucii, f. menu. Bhojanaalay, m. eating-place; restaurant (esp. vegetarian) It is the food prepared or eaten in remembrance by the Brahmins. It is called Brahma Bhojan because we remember the incorporeal in the corporeal one (i.e. Brahma). Bholaa, adj. 1. simple; innocent. 2. silly Bholaa-bhaalaa, adj. = bholaa Bholaanath, m. title of iva Bhram- [ad. Bhramati], vi. Brbh. 1. to wander. 2. to err. Bhra [S], adj. 1. fallen. 2. corrupted, corrupt. 3. debased; polluted; violated Bhraaacaar, m. depraved or corrupt conduct or behaviour Bhraaacaarii, m. a depraved person, &c

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Bhuu [S], f. 1. th earth, the world. 2. land, ground. 3. place; site. Bhuukamp, m. earthquake. P771 Bhuul, f. 1. forgetfulness, oversight; omission. 2. mistake, slip, error. ~ karnaa, to make a mistake et. Bhuul-cuk, f. = bhuul 1. , bhuul-bhulaiyan, f. maze, labyrinth. Bhuulnaa: to forget Bhuul gaya: forgot Bhuut (m): ghost

Hk;adj terrible bhayankar

Biibii, f. 1. lady; wife; elder sister; sister-in-law. 2. a term of endearment:lady, &c. Biic, m. & ppn. 1. m. middle. 2. intervening space, or time; distinction, difference, separation. 3. average, mean. 4. mediation. 5. ppn. w. ke. Between, among. 6. during Bicaaraa = becaara Bichanaa vi. 1. to be separated (from/se); to be parted. 2. to turn away, aside (from). 3. transf. to be sprained (a joint) Bicchuu, (p731) m. scorpio. 2. the sign Scorpio (of the zodiac). 3. colloq. HSS. A stinging nettle. 4. pl. a kind of firework. Bicuurnaa, vt. Reg. to pull to pieces, to break (sg) up. BigaRnaa, ibagaD,naa vi. 1. to be spoiled, to deteriorate 2. to fail, to go wrong 3. to be corrupted; to become depraved. 4. to be damaged; to break down (machine); to be destroyed (reputation) 5. to be wasted (money) 6. to grow angry; to become estranged (friends); to quarrel p730 Biij [biija-], m. 1. seed; kernel; grain. 2. roe. 3. foetus, embryo. 4. source, primary cause. 5. kernel, central morif (or plot). 6. symbol, sign, token; a cryptic allusion. biijaaropa, m. sowing seed; planting. Bikharnaa, vi. 1. to be scattered (seed); to be dispersed. 2. to be disarranged; to be dishevelled (hair). 3. to be waisted, spoiled. 4. to become infatuated (with/par). 5. to become angry, enraged Bilkul, adv. Entirely, completely; quite Bilornaa, vt. 1. to stir, to shake about. 2. to churn

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Biitnaa [cf. vtta-], vi. 1. to pass, to elapse (time). 2. to come to pass, to happen. 3. to be experienced (as events) Bitaanaa, vt. To cause to pass, to spend (time) Biivii [P biibii], f, = biibii. Bojh, m. 1. load, burden; cargo; freight 2. weight (esp. weight to be carried). 3. responsibility; onus. Bolii, f. 1. speech, manner of speech; dialect; language; idiom. 2. talk, conversation; words. 3. bid (at auction). 4. song or note (of birds). 5. taunt; ridicule. ~ karnaa/kasnaa/bolnaa/maarnaa (par), to reproach; to make fun (of), to ridicule. Bolii-holii, f. a sarcastic or derogatory remark. Bonaa, vt. & m. 1. vt. To sow, to broadcast (seed); to plant. 2. m. sowing, seed-time. Boriyaa [cf H. boraa], f. dimin. A small sack or bag. ~-bistar, m. esp. pej. bag and baggage Boyar, m. reg. (W) land constantly under cultivation. Brahmacarya, m. religious studentship, the state of a Braahma or student in the first of the four stages of life; asceticism; chastity. Buddhi, f. 1. intelligence, understanding; mind; sense; wisdom. 2. thought, reflection p741. buddhivaad, m. belief in reason Buddhuu [cf. H. buddh], m. iron. Blessed fellow: stupid fellow (other dico: stupid, dull, fool) Bukhaar, m. 1. fever. 2. fig. feverish passion, agitation; anger; animosity; grief; terror Bulaanaa: to call, to invite Bulandii, f. 1. height, loftiness. 2. volume (of sound); height (of ardour) Budkii. 1. a small drop. 2. small mark, speck, dot Buurhaa: old Buurhaapan: old age .CCC. Cabenaa [cf. carvati, carvayati], m. something to be chewed: parched grain (as food)

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Caahe [cf.H.caahnaa], conj. Though, even if. P313 Caahie [cf. H. caahnaa], vi. Usu. Inv. Is wanted (by/ko); is needful (to or for); should, ought Cain [cf.cakati], m. ease of mind, contentment; quiet, peace; repose. Caitany [S.], m.& adj. 1. m. consciousness; the soul. 2. rationality, intelligence; perception. 3. the ultimate being (considered as the essence of all consciousness). 4. adj. conscious; percipient. 5. rational. Caitanyataa [S], f. state or faculty of consciousness Cakkar [ad. cakra-], m. 1. = cakra, 1. -8. 1. a curve, bend. 3. a round journey. 4. fig. perplexity, confusion; trouble, inconvenience p 297 Caalaak, adj. 1. active, quick. 2. dextrous, clever. *3. astute, cunning; vigilant Calan [S], m. 1. going, moving, proceeding, gait; mien. 2. trembling, unsteadiness. *3. currency (of money), circulation (of goods, money); demand (for goods). *4 (occasionally f.) procedure; conduct, behaviour; way, manner; habit, custom; fashion. 5. a ceremony, rite. ~ karnaa (kaa), to introduce, to institute; to make current or fashionable. ~ se, adv. in good manner, well, properly. Calaan = caalaan Caalaan [cf. H. calaanaa], f. 1. despatch, consignment; transportation (of goods); transfer (of money). 2. an invoice; bill of lading. 3. a remittance; memorandum of financial transactions. 4. clearance (as of customs). 5. the sending forward or up, committal (of a case, or a prisoner) Calaanaa [cf.H. calnaa p307], vt. 1. to cause to move or to go, to set or to keep in motion; to make (one) go; Av. to send. 2. to train, to bring up (a child). 3. to impel, to urge; to drive (a vehicle); to work (a machine, an implement); to wind (a watch); to stir, to agitate (a liquid). 4. to discharge (a weapon); to fire, to shoot (at/par); to throw (as a stone). 5. to use, to employ; to wield (as a weapon or fists); to turn to, to take up (as guile, fraud, force). 6. to give currency to, to put in circulation; to originate; to publicise or to propagandise for; to talk about (kii). 7. to give effect to, to enforce (as an order); to inaugurate, to establish (as a society); to institute (a law-suit); to serve, to offer (food). 8. to conduct; to transact, to direct; to run (as a firm, a household); to deal (with a person/ke saath). 9. to carry out, to perform (a task); to manage well or satisfactorily; to puzzle out, to bring to a solution (a difficult matter). 10. to cause to be finished: to ruin Calaaymaan [conn. H. calnaa], adj. 1. in motion, newly under way (as a vehicle). unsteady, inconstant.

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Calnaa [calati], vi. & vt. 1. vi. To go, to move, to work (a machine or appliance); to turn (a wheel); to sail (a ship); to blow (the wind); to flow, to run (water, or a water channel). 2. to set out, to depart; to start; to be discharged (a weapon); to be used, employed; to be wielded (a weapon). 3. to progress, to advance; to flourish (a business, a task); to be satisfactory, to work, to serve.. 4. to be begun, to be current, or in vogue; to be topical, to be prominent (a reputation); to be in force; to be in use (as a road, a canal); to be offered, or served (successive courses of food). 5. to be exchanged, to be felt (animosity). 6. to continue, to endure; to be handed down (as a tradition). 7. to be able to be coped with, or completed (by/se). 8. to conduct oneself, to behave; to be averse or ill willed; to turn (away from/se); to be deceitful. 9. to move towards an end; to be decrepit, or worn out; to be finished, done. 10. vt. To move (a piece, a counter); to make a move, to take a step. Expr. P 307 Caaluu [cf. H caalnaa, caal] , adj. 1. current, in force; continuing, in progress (as a show, a term.). 2. in working order, active; on, available (a service). 3. frequented, busy (a street). 4. pej. cunning Camaknaa. 1. to shine, to sparkle; to glitter; to glow; to glare; to gleam (as metal or light); to be polished. 2. to be dazzled, or screwed up (the eyes, in strong light). 3. to be attractive, or seductive. 4. to prosper, to flourish (as an enterprise); to be brisk (as trade), to go well; to be prominent. 5. to go to the head (alcohol). 6. to be strongly aroused (the emotions); to become enraged. 7. to be startled, to start; to shy (a horse); Brbh. to scatter, or to rush away (to safety). Caman, m. 1. a flower garden. 2. a place lush or abounding in flowers. 3. fig. a flourishing place. Camatkt [S], , adj. astonished Caadii [candrikaa-], f. 1. silver; money, wealth. 2. income; fig. windfall, good luck. 3. the crown of the head. 4. a silvery or whitish object; ash Canaa [cana-], m. the chick-pea, or gram Candaa [candra-], m. 1. the moon. 2. a round piece or slice Candra [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. lunar. 2. m. a lunar month. 3. pl. the fortnight of the waxing moon. 4. moonstone (a pearly felspar [mineral]) Candrmaa [S], m. inv. The moon. Cacaal [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. moving, shaking, trembling; quick, active. *2. unsteady, restless; inconstant, fickle; flirtatious; playful; naughty. 3. transient, ephemeral. 4. volatile (temperament). 5. m. an unsteady or inconstant person, &c.

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Cape, m. 1. a slap. 2. a blow. 3. fig. attack; sudden blow or shock; range, reach (of sg harmful). Cape mein anaa, to be threatened (by/kii: as by sg dangerous); to fall victim (to) Caapnaa, vt. 1. to press Cara [S.],m. usu. pl. and hon. foot; feet. 2. a quarter; section; phase, stage. 3. a foot (of verse); single line (of verse). 4. fig. proximity; attendance; dependence. ~ chuunaa (ke), to touch (a persons) feet in respect. cara kamal, m. pl. (hon.) lotus feet. cara paadukaa, f. a wooden sandal. cara seva, f. massaging the feet. caraaamrit, m. footnectar: the water in which the feet of an idol or of a respected personage have been washed; a mixture of milk, curds, ghii, sugar and honey, considered sacred, and used in the tending of idols and sacred objects. caraaamrit lena, to sip the water in which the feet of an idol, etc. have been washed Carcaa [S], f. (m., U.) repetition: 1. discussion, consideration, reflection; argument; talk, mention. 2. rumour, gossip. 3. smearing (as the body with ointment), anointing. ~ uhnaa, discussion to arise (of/kii); mention to be made (of). ~ karnaa, to make mention (of/kii), &c. ~ calaanaa (kii), to spread, or to deal in, rumours (about/kii). ~ honaa (kii), to be mentioned, talked of, or discussed; to be reported, announced. Carhnaa, vi. 1. to rise, to mount; to clim; to mount (on/par); to embark; to rise (prices, a river); to increase, to grow; to wax (moon season); to mount up, to be in arrears (as pay) 2. to be mounted or set (on or around, par); to be placed (upon); to be applied or attached (to/par); to be fitted (to), to be adjusted or set (a bow string, or the tension of a drum); to be set (a bone); to be spread; to be overlaid (as metal in electrolysis). 3. to be entered (items in a ledger). 4. to be raised up; to be shortened (a lower hem). 5. to be elevated, or promoted; to be exalted. 6. to be offered (in devotion, or as a sacrifice: to/ko). 7. to advance, to proceed; to go (for a purpose:to/par); to be taken or conveyed (to); to progress, to be advanced (of time). 8. to march (against/par); to attack; to assail; to invade. 9. to take effect, to be rampant (as poison, intoxicants, fever); to be dominant (over/par), to possess or to obsess (emotions). 10. to be superior; to excel p300 Carhaanaa, vt. 1. to cause to rise up, to raise; to lift up; to place(upon/par, ke upar); to roll up (sleeves). 2. to apply (to or upon/par: as paint, dye); to affix, to attach, to fit (to); to adjust or to set (a bow-string, or the tension of a drum). 3. to put away, to replace (an object in its container). 4. to enter (as in a ledger). 5. to offer (to/ko: as to a deity); to dedicate; to sacrifice; to devote. 6. to elevate (a persons grade or rank), to promote; to exalte. 7. to cause to advance; to lead in an attack (against/par). 8. to cause to increase, to cause to swell (cf. bahaanaa); to incite (a person). Carhkar, adv. with a rise or increase; baldly, confessedly; by design; excellently, in a superior way or degree Caritr [S], m. 1. behaviour, conduct; manner; ways. 2. an account of a persons life; a biography. 3. character; nature. 4. a character (of a novel)

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cariyaayi-khariyayi

pfj;kbZ&[kfj;kbZ: madness
Chaat [chattra-], m. Av. 1. parasol (as an emblem of royalty). 2. an umbrella Chaataa [chattra-],m. 1. a parasol. 2. an umbrella. Caupaii (quadruped) Caupa, adj & f. 1. adj. open all round; wide open. 2. levelled, razed, laid waste; ruined. 3. fig. depraved, ruined. 4. f. a waste; a ruin CauRaa, adj. & m. . 1. adj. wide, broad; ample. 2. an open or a remote area Cauthaaii : a quarter for a number less than one Cep, f. 1. stickiness. 2. a sticky substance: gum; resin; bird-lime. 3. gummy secretion (in the eye). 4. matter, pus Ceraa [ceta-], m. 1. a servant. 2. a pupil, disciple Ceraaii [cf. H. ceraa], f. service, attendance (upon/kii) Cerii [ceta-], f, a female servant Cetan ( cetanya), adj & m 1. adj. Conscious, aware. 2. rational. 3. alert, vigilant. 4. m. consciousness; the soul (= cetanya). 5. intelligence. 6. living and sentient being Chaanaa [chaadayati1], vt & vi. 1. vt. To cover; to thatch, to roof. 2. to spread, to erect (an awning, &c, as a shelter). 3. to shade (a place); to shelter. 4. vi. To be spread, to spread; to be diffused. 5. to settle (over), to cast a shadow (over); to overcast; to weigh (upon). 6. to settle or to swarm (upon). 7. to be shaded (a place) Chaap, f. 1. a stamp, impression; imprint; mark. 2. an instrument for stamping; a steal; signet. 3. fig. impression, influence, effect Chaapaa, m. 1. a stamp2. an instrument for stamping3. a printing press. 4. the press (as an institution). 5. stamped or printed material; an edition (of a paper). P 342 Chappar [chattvara-], m. 1. a thatched roof. 2. a thatched building; a hut; a shed. ~ phakar dena (ko), fig. to give from on high (in an unexpected, or miraculous way) p 339 Chaapnaa, vt. 1. to stamp; to mark; to print (cloth). 2. to seal. 3. to print (a book). To make an imprint, to copy through, to trace. 5. to make an impression (on/par); to exercise an influence (upon/par)

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Chatr [ad.chattra-], m. 1. a parasol, an umbrella (esp. as held over kings or their thrones, or over idols). 2. a mushroom. Chatr-chaayaa, f. protection, shelter; patronage. P 338 Ched, m. 1. a hole. 2. an opening; gap, crack. 3. cutting, cutting off. 4. cut, section; incision. Chiinnaa [cf.chinna-], vt. 1. to snatch away; to tear, to pluck, or to wrench away. 2. to size; to usurp; to confiscate Chonaa, vt. 1. to let go, to release. 2. to set free; to discharge; to pardon. 3. to leave; to defer (until/par). 4. to put in and leave; to deliver or to post (a letter); to hide (sg) away; to add (an ingredient). 5. to leave alone; to abandon. 6. to give up, to renounce; to resign (a post). 7. to omit, to overlook; to disregard (a matter); to leave (sg) out. 8. to take off (clothes). 9. to discharge (a weapon, a firework). 10. to emit, to give out; to pour out; to spread (manure); to play (a fountain). 11. to set in motion, to start up (an engine, a car). 12. to assign, to detail (one, to do sg: ke liye). ~ aanaa, to leave (as a pers or a thing) at a distant place. Chokar, abs. conj. apart from, except for. Choaa, adj. 1. small. 2. lesser: junior, younger; subordinate; minor. 3. trivial, insignificant. 4. inferior; pej. Contemptible. choe-bae, pl. great and small; young and old; varied, various. choa-moa, adj. little, small Chuunaa [chupati], vt. & m. 1. vt. To touch; to feel. 2. to smear, to smear over (of white wash). 3. to handle, to take up. 4. m. touching, touch, contact. Churvaana to cause to be released (see below) ChuRaaii f. 1. setting free, releasing 2. liberationrescue ChuRaanaa [cf.H. chornaa], vt. 1. to cause to be freed (by se)to releasedismiss rescue 4. to cause to loose 5. to get rid of (habit)p346 Chu, f. 1. deliverance, freedom (from/se), escape. 2. freedom, liberty (to/ko). 3. exemption (from/se); remission; deduction, discount. 4. separation (from/se). 5. leavings, refuse; grains left on the threshing-floor. 6. releasing, letting go. Chukaaraa [cf H. chunaa], m. 1. release; deliverance, relief (from danger, or distress). 2. discharge, acquittal; exemption. 3. escape. ~ denaa (ko), to release (from/se), to acquit; to exempt. ~ paanaa, to obtain release, &c. (from/se); to be freed; to get free from, to be rid of. Chuunaa, vi. 1. to be released, to be let go; to be discharged, acquitted; to be redeemed (a pledge). 2. to come loose; to be loose, or free; to be wielded, brought into play (as fists, or reinforcements). 3. to be free (from/se), to escape; to be rid (of/se). 4. to be omitted; to be given up, or abandoned. 5. to come out or forth; to spurt out (liquid); to come off (dye, paint); to be got rid of (an infection, a cough). 6. to be lost (courage, patience, wits); to

27

end (life). 7. to leave, to depart (a train, &c); to start. Usse gaaii chuu gayii, he missed the train. 8. to fall back, to fall behind; not to prosper. 9. to discharge; to fire, to be shot (a weapon, a syringe); to play (a fountain). Chuii CUT\TI , f. 1. release; permission to go; discharge, acquittal; respite. 2. leave; holiday, vacation; break (during the days work); leisure time. 3. a statutory holiday Cilka: peel, skin Cillaanaa: to cry, call out Cintaa [S], f. 1. thought, consideration, reflection. 2. care, concern; attention; anxiety; apprehension. 3. a matter for thought or concern; risk; danger p 314 Cintan [S], m. 1. thought, the process of thought. 2. thinking, reflecting, meditating (over, or upon/kaa) Cipak, f. 1. adhesion: cohesion. 2. stickiness, &c Cipaknaa vi. 1. to stick, to adhere; to jam, to be tight (as a door); to crowd, to pack (together). 2. to cling (to/se). 3. to be involved (with/se); to have an affair (with). 4. to be absorbed (in or by/mein) Citt [citta-], m. 1. the understanding; the mind. 2. thought, reflection. 3. the soul; the heart Ciaa, adj. 1. bright, clear; white. 2. light-coloured. Citr [S.], m. 1. a picture; a painting; drawing; sketch. 2. a photograph. 3. cine film. Cokhaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. pure, genuine. 2. good, excellent; delightful; beautiful. 3. sound, honest; sincere. 4. sharp (as a knife). 5. keen, pungent; high, clear (a sound). 6. m. a spiced dish of roasted or fried vegetables. Cola, m. 1. a long gown or cloak; a brides garment. 2. a babys first (ceremonial) garment. 3. fig. the body; guise, outward appearance. ~ chorna, to leave the body. ~ badalnaa, vt. To change the body: (the soul) to transmigrate. Cor [cora-], m. & adj. 1. m. a thief; a robber. 2. one who is he or it in a childrens game. 3. a hidden abscess (as a healed wound, or under a tooth); an ulcer. 4. an ulterior motive or intention. 5. adj. hidden, secret (as a room, compartment, door, or way); false, misleading; deceptive, treacherous. Corii, f. 1. theft; robbery. 2. stealth; concealment. ~ karnaa, to steal. ~ kaa, adj. stolen; secret, furtive. ~ jaanaa, to be stolen. P331

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Co , f. 1. blow; wound; injury, hurt, knock; bruise; damage. 2. shock, blow, impact. 3. rivalry, competition. 4. loss (as in trade) p 330 Coii, f. 1. a lock of hair left unshaven on the crown of the head; top-knot. 2. a pigtail. 3. coil of (a womans) hair; a womans top-knot; ornament for (a womans) hair. 4. crest (of a bird). 5. summit, apex; peak, crest (of a mountain); pinnacle; vertex. Cuknaa, vi. 1. to be finished, to be completed; to come to an end; to be exhausted (as a supply). 2. to be settled; to be fixed or agreed (as a price, a rate); to be adjusted (an account, a law-suit, a difference or dispute). 3. to fall short (of/se) Cuuknaa, vi. to fall short: 1. to make a mistake, or blunder; to err. 2. to go astray, to stray (from/se). 3. to fail, to omit (to do something,/se); to miss (a target, &c.); not to achieve (an aim). 4. to be deficient (in/mein); to be omitted (from/se). 5. E.H. to be finished. Cuktaa, adj & masc. being settled, being adjusted, &c; discharged, paid (a debt); balanced (an account); made good. 2. wholesale. 3. m. the paid portion of an account. Cuuki, conj. Since, because. Cunnaa , vt. 1. to choose, to select; to pluck, to gather; to glean; to pick or to peck at; to discard, to cull. 2. to elect. 3. to arrange; to set out. 4. to build up (as a wall); to wall up; to immure (in/mein). 5. to gather, to tuck; to crimp; to crease, to pleat. Cunindaa, adj. inv. 1. chosen, selected. 2. choice, select. 3. gathered, picked Curaanaa [cf. corayati], vt. 1. to steal; to captivate (as the heart). 2. to hide away, to conceal; to withhold; to withdraw or to turn away (the eyes) .DDD. Dabaanaa [cf. H. daabnaa], vt. 1. to press down, to press; to ring (an electric bell). 2. to squeeze. 3. to crush. 4. to restrain; to curb, to repress (as feelings). 5. to subdue; to oppress; to rule. 6. to snub ( a person); to intimidate. 7. to dominate, to overshadow (in importance). 8. to withhold, to usurp (a right, a possession); to encroach upon. 9. to suppress (as news); to secrete; to embezzle. 10. to sow (seed) Daadaagirii, f. pej. Bullying, loutish behaviour. agmagaanaa, vt & vi, 1, vi. To rock, to sway; to tremble. 2. to totter, to stagger. 3. to walk ostentatiously (a woman); to roll (a boat). 4. to waver (as in faith). 5. vt. To cause to shake, &c. Dainik [S], adj. 1. daily. 2. having to do with day, diurnal. Daitya, m. mythol. 1. son of Diti: a demon. 2. a giant. 3. fig. monster.

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akaitii, f. robbery, banditry. aakaa, m. robbery; an attack by robbers. ~ aalnaa, or maarnaa, to commit robbery (in a band) Daakhil [A], adj. & m. 1. adj. entering, arriving. 2. admitted to, joining (a group). 3. entered (in a list); inserted, included. 4. paid, paid over (as a fine). 5. m. entering (upon), taking possession (of). 6. entry (in a book, account). 7. inclusion, incorporation Dakshi Na : south, southern Dal, m. 1. group, band; party (political, sectarian, &c.); detachment; expedition; team. 2. army. 3. flock, herd (of animals). 4. leaf. 5. petal. 6. thickness, bulk, volume. garam ~, m. extremist party. naram ~, m. moderate party. dalbaadal, m. gathered clouds; fig. a vast army Daalnaa [*daal-], vt. 1. to throw down; to cast, to hurl; to sow, to scatter (seed). 2. to pour; to put (as sugar in tea); to lay (upon/par or ke sir: as of a burden, a responsibility). 3. to put, to place, to consign (for safe keeping)p420 Dam, m. 1. breath; life, spirit. 2. breathing or blowing out; puff (as in casting a spell). 3. draw, puff (as at a hookah); wiff. 4. moment, instant. 5. vitality, viguour; mettle; ambition. 6. strength: quality (as of a material); efficacy (as of medicine). 7. sharp edge (of a blade). 8. false hope. 9. state of simmering (over a fire) p 478 Daan [daana-1], m. 1. giving; giving in marriage. 2. a gift; donation; offering; grant; endowment. 3. alms. 4. Brbh. Levy, tribute. 5. exudation (from the temples of a rutting elephant). Daanaa, m. 1. a grain; transf. crumb, speck. 2. a single, small object; clove (of garlic); sg to be threaded (as a bead, a pearl). 3. a pimple. 4. fleck (on the skin: as a freckle, or a smallpox mark; or in cloth); dappling, stippling. 5. grain, corn; food. 6. seed-corn Dand [S.], m. 1. stick, beam; mast. 2. mace 4. transf. punishment; penalty, fine. 5. in comp. judicial procedure; the law. 6. assault, violence p472. Dandaa (m): stick Dantkathaayein: f. legend Daar [P.: present stem of daatan], adj. &m. in comp., esp. as a second member forming adjectives and nouns. Having, holding; possessor, &c.p492 Dh mnch vl: the one with beard and moustache daZ,I

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Darjaa, m. 1. step, stage, degree (as in progress). 2. grade, level (of attainment etc.); extent. 3. quality, standard (as of goods, material, services); type. 4. class (school). 5. rank, standing (of post); class (in examination). 6. position, situation; plight. 7. gradation, degree. 8. compartment (as in a cupboard, or filing cabinet) Dar-kaar, adj. & f. 1. adj. needed, required. 2. f. need. Daran [S.], m. 1. seeing, observing; observation; inspection. 2. sight. 3. usu. Pl. having sight (of); audience (with); visiting (a shrine); worshipping (before an idol). 4. transf. seeing, meeting, visiting (a respected person). 5. law. Appearance (in court, of an accused). 6. appearance, semblance. 7. view (of sg); thought (as of a philosopher or sage); philosophy; specif. any of the six Hindu philosophical systems; contemplation, vision; vision, dream. 8. view, opinion. 9. transfer. mirror Darpan [S.], m. a mirror Darraanaa, vi to go straight and quickly; to go boldly forward. Daaa [S], f. 1. state, condition. 2. situation, circumstances; period or stage of life. 3. astrol. Situation of heavenly bodies; conjunction, or influence. 4. HSS. wick (of lamp). Aisii ~ men, sdv. In such circumstances; in these circumstances Dau [cf H. daunaa], f. running; a run; a gallop. 2. (esp. in comp.) race. 3. course, career; distance to be traversed; flight (of fancy). 4. range, scope, sphere. 5. fig. hard effort, endeavour. 6. raid, attack Daunaa [cf. dravati], vi. 1. to run; to hasten; to gallop. 2. to rush (at, upon/par); to attack. 3. to spread quickly (as news). 4. to spread (over/par; through/men: as a flush across the face, poison through the body). 5. fig. to be obsessed (with/ke piche); to try hard to obtain (sg). 6. to flow, to course (liquid, a current). 7. to turn, to run (as the mind, or fancy, in a given direction) Daur, m. 1. revolving, revolution. 2. passing round (as of wine). 3. circle, orbit; transf. field of authority, sway. 4. a round tour, circuit. 5. passage or change of time, vicissitude; period of years, age, cycle. 6. stage (of a continued process); progress. Daavat, f. a call: 1. invitation (esp. to a meal). 2. party; feast, banquet; reception. Daayraa, m. 1. circle, ring; circumference. 2. circuit. 3. transf.sphere (of influence or effect, or of interests). 4. group (of associates). 5. vicinity. 6. orbit. 7. a tambourine. 8. musl. monastery -Daayii = - daayak [S], m & adj. finally in comp.; simplex Av. = daataa [S], adj & m. 1. adj. liberal, generous. 2. m. a liberal man; donor, benefactor. 3. transf. the supreme being. Deh [deha-], f. m.1. the body. 2. transf. life; birth in human form.

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Dehdhaaran: m. assumption of body, birth. Dehdhaarii: , adj. embodied, living; incarnate. Dehii, adj. & m. 1. adj. possessiong a body. 2. m. a living creature; human being. 3. the soul. Dehii abhimaanii: soul conscious (aatmaa abhimaanii). Dehbhaan: body consciousness Dehlii [dehalii-], f. threshold; doorstep Dekhnaa, vt. 1. to see; to watch, to look at; to look on (as a spectator. 2. to turn the eyes (towards/ke aur); to glance (at). 3. to perceive, to observe. 4. to consider, to think. 5. to see, to attend to (a matter); to superintend. 6. to watch over, to guard; to guard against (sg happening), to take care. 7. to inspect; to search, to scrutinise; to visit (as a patient). 8. to examine, to test, to try. 9. to look for, to search for. 10. to experience. 11. to tolerate (a situation, or a person). Dekhne men, adv. to all appearances, superficially. Dekhne men aanaa, to be visible; to be evident, to appear; to be generally known (as a state of affairs) p509 Dikhaanaa: to show Der, f. & adv. 1. f. a period or lapse of time, interval. 2. delay; lateness; slowness. 3. adv. delayed, late Devtaa, m. inv. 1. a god. 2. transf. an object of worship, or a person held to be sacred; an idol. 3. a revered person. [cf: Daitya] Devii, f. a goddessp511 Dhairy [S], m. = dhiir. Dhairy-dhara, m. steadfastness; patience, perseverance; calm. Dhak [*dhakk-], f. (m., pl.). 1. shock. 2. palpitation; anxiety. 3. surge (of zeal, &c). ~ rah jaanaa, to become motionless from fear, amazement, or consternation. Dhakkaa [cf. dhakkayati], m. 1. shove, jolt. 2. shock; impact. 3. blow of fate, unlucky chance; loss, damage. ~ khaanaa, to suffer a blow; to suffer misfortune, or loss..p 519 Dhaam [S], m. 1. dwelling, abode. 2. splendour, radiance. 3. place of pilgrimage. 4. fig. the body. Paramdhaam, m. Brbh. The supreme abode: the ultimate being; paradise. Dham, f. a loud sound; bang, crash, thud Dhamaacauii, f. turmoil, row; brawl Dhaa dhal [cf. dhandha-], f. 1. cheating, trickery. 2. disturbance; outcry, clamour Dhaan [dhaanya-], m. 1. the rice plant; paddy. 2. unhusked rice

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Dhan, m. 1. property, assets; catle, herds. *2. wealth, riches; money; funds, capital. 3. treasure. 4. mineral resourcesp521 Dhanii [S], adj. 1. rich, wealthy. 2. praiseworthy, virtuous. 3. m. a rich man. 4. proprietor, master. 5. husband. Dhanii-dhorii, m. a person of power or influence; master (as of a household) Dhandhaa [dhandha-], m. 1. craft, occupation; trade; profession; business. 2. work, activity; task hag, m. 1. particular nature or characteristic; way, style, manner. 2. method, means, manner, way. 3. kind, type. 4. style of behaviour, manners. 5. skill, accomplishment. 6. transf. sign, prospect Dhanu [S] m. 1. a bow. 2. a rainbow. 2. the sign Sagittarius (of the zodiac). 4. a measure of length equalling about 1.75 (viz. four hastas, representing the length of the forearm with the extended hand). 5. an arc (of a circle) Dhap, f. m. 1. sound, noise, crack; clack (of a shoe); thud (= dhab-dhab). 2. thump, blow. Dhaar, f, (m., pl.) 1. [dhaaraa-] flow, current, stream; channel (of a river); spring. 2. downward flow; heavy shower (of rain). 3. libation. 4. [dhaaraa-] edge (of blade). 5. edge, end, limit; Brbh. Direction. 6. line, chain (as of mountains). Dhaaraa [S.], f. 1. = dhaar, (1., 2.) 2. current (electric). 3. (esp. law) section, article; paragraph. 4. multitude, mass. 5. = dhaar, (4.) 6. rim, circumference (of a wheel). Dharaa f. the earth Dharaaayii a. fallen aground, razed to the ground. Dharm, m. 1. what is to be held or kept: the complex of religious and social obligations which a devout Hindu is required to fulfil, right action, duty; morality; virtue, virtuous life; justicep525

Dharm Hindi world which is often translated as religion. Dharm means: the complex of religious and social obligation required to fulfill right action, duty, morality, virtue, virtuous life and justice. It is worthy to consider using the word dharm without translation, because its meaning is wider than that of religion in English.

*Dharam ko bhul/bul gaye: they have forgotten their religion Dharmnirapeksh: secular Dharan [S.], m. 1. holding; supporting; possessing; placing; retaining, fastening. 2. seizing. 3. sg which holds: a support; fastening

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Dhaaran, m. 1. holding, keeping; maintaining, preserving (as vow, a memory). 2. carrying. 3. wearing. 4. taking (as food, or medicine). 5. taking on, assuming (a rank, a posture; a loan); acquiring in gyan: to implement, to put in practice, to assimilate. Dharnii, f. 1. the earth; the world. 2. soil, land. 3. a beam -Dhaarii, adj. & m. 1. adj. wearing, carrying, &c. (cf.dhaaran). 2. m. a wearer, &c. Dharnaa, vt. 1. to hold, to keep; to possess; to assume (as powers), to obtain; to fix, to determine (as a time); to suspend (as an undertaking); to hold (as an opinion). 2. to seize; to detain; to restrain; to check, to counter (a stratagem, &c). 3. to place, to put; to deposit; to pawn; to stake (a wager). 4. to to put on, to apply; to wear. 5. to apply (as the mind, or ear) Dhartaa [S], m. inv. 1. one who holds, supports, or preserves. 2. one who assumes (a task, a responsibility). 3. a debtor. Dhartii, f. earth Dher [*dhera-], m. a heap, pile; abundance ~ saare, adj. pl. colloq. lots of. P429 hiilaa a. 1. loose. 2. (of flesh) flaccid, flabby, hanging down, limp 3. (of a person) indolent, lazy, tardy 4. unwell, weak, feeble 5. delicate, soft 6. thin 7. sluggish 8. lenient, mild Dhiimaa, adj. 1. slow, slugghish; lazy. 2. subdued (as sound, voice); soft, low; faint. 3. faint, dim (as light, colour); slight (in intensity), weak; low (as a fever). 4. moderate; abated (as fever, or emotion) Dhiimaaii, adj. slowness, etc. Dhiiraj [ad. Dhiirya-], m. =dhir. ~ denaa, ~banhnaa, ~ rakhnaa, or ~karnaa, to take courage; to be composed; to be consoled; to have patience or perseverance p530 Dhokhaa, m. 1. deceit. 2. false impression; sg seen indistinctinctly; mirage. 3. mistake, blunder. 4. disappointment. 5. uncertainty, doubt; alarm. 6. false appearance; trap, snare; camouflage; a scarecrow. ~ denaa (ko), to deceive; to mislead; to disappoint; to fail (a weapon, a stratagem, medicine) (p534 with other verbs) Dhokhebaaz, adj. deceitful, fraudulent; m. a deceitful person; an impostor Dhonaa: to wash Dhor: cattle Dhorii [dhaureya-], m. 1. ox, bullock. 2. leader 3. pl. cattle (= dhor)

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Dhruv [S], adj. 1. fixed, immovable; stable. 2. constant, permanent. 3. certain. 4. the pole star. 5. a pole (of the earth). 6. terminal (of a battery); electrode Dhulaanaa [cf. H. dhonaa], v.t. to cause to be washed (by/se), to get (sg) washed huuhnaa, vt. To look for; to search out, to find DhuuNDHnaa

ZU^MZ,naa

/kwr to cheat; to deceive; /kwrk : the one (male) who cheats/deceives /kwrh
the one (female) who cheats/deceives; the one who makes [false] stories. baatein bananevala. Dhuvaanaa [cf. H. dhonaa], v.t. = dhulaanaa Dhurandhar [S], adj. & m. 1. bearing a yoke, a burden. 2. strong in supporting: mighty, great (as a leader, scholar, &c). 3. m. fig. prestigious leader, &c. Dhvas [S], m. 1. destruction; demolition; ruin. 2. harm Dhyaan [S.], m. 1. meditation, contemplation; deep thought. 2. consideration, reflection. *3. attention, the mind. 4. keeping (sg) in mind ; thought; memory Dikhaanaa [cf. dekhnaa] vt. To show (to/ko); to demonstrate, to indicate; to reveal; to display, to present Dikhaavaa [cf. H. dikhaanaa], m. 1. show, ostentation; ponp, pageantry. 2. appearance: pretence, disguise Diikit [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. consecrated. 2. instructed, intitiated. 3. m. an instructed person. 4. name of a braahma community Dilaanaa [cf.H. denaa], vt. 1. to cause to be given (by/se, to/ko); to assign; to consign. 2. to put in possession (of); to occasion. fnyks&tku :heart and soul; fig. tooth and nail. fnyks tku ls, adv. It means with full devotion, or full effort. It means heart and soul. It is given in the Oxford Hindi-English dictionary by McGregor, on page no. 497 (under heading [dil]) igaanaa [cf. H. ignaa] , vt. 1. to cause to shake or to move; to cause to slip, or to stumble. 2. to make loose, or unsteady. 3. to shake (as ones faith). Dimaag [A. Dimaag], m. 1. brain. 2. mind. 3. transf. conceit; arrogance; disdain. 4. fancy, whim

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Diaa [S], f. 1. direction; course (as of an aircarft). 2. quarter, region. 3. point of the compass. 4. colloq. = ~ - faraagat. 5. dishi, adv. poet. In (or from) a partic. direction. P 498 Divy [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. divine. 2. supernatural. 3. wonderful; charming. 4. m. an ordeal. 5. an oath Doglaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. of mixed blood, cross-bred; mongrel; illegitimate. 2. hybrid. 3. transf. two-faced, deceitful. 4. m. a person or animal of mixed blood etc. 5. a hybrid. 6. a deceitful person ol; m. & adj. 1. a swinging, rocking. 2. a swing. 3. adj. swinging, &c olnaa; vi. 1. to swing, to rock; to sway. 2. to move, to stir; to move about; to wander. 3. to totter; to shake. 4. to flinch, to waver (a viewpoint, a resolve) Dor [davara-], m. reg. = 2. daur orii [cf. H. 1 dora], f. 1. string, cord; rope; surveyors line. 2. braid, piping. 3. bond, tie (as of affection) DoSh [S], m. 1. fault, defect; vice; sinfulness. 2. blame; reproach. 3. offence; sin; guilt; crime. 4. damage, harm. 5. disorder (bodily); disease DRih [S], adj. 1. fixed, firm; hard, unyielding, tough; strong (of physique); tight (as a knot); close (an embrace); stiff. 2. solid; compact. 3. fixed, firm (a decision, intention, opinion); established (a basis); consolidated. 4. steadfast; persevering; dependable. 5. sound (health). 6. severe, violent. DRihtaa [S], f. 1. firmness; hardness; strength. 2. steadfastness, resolution; conviction. 3. confirmation, corroboration. DRii [S], f. 1. sight. 2. look, glance; gaze; the eyes. 3. the eyesight, vision. 4. view (of sg.), viewpoint; regard; consideration p509 DRiy [S], adj & m. 1. adj. to be seen, visible; evident. 2. worthy of being seen; beautiful, pleasing; picturesque. 3. perceptible; phenomenal (as the world). 4. to do with sight, visual; optic. 5. m. sg. Visible, or perceived. 6. a sight, scene, view; scenery. 7. a picture; view; sketch. 8. scene (in a play). 9. math. a given quantity Duaa, f. 1. invocation: ones wish (for another); pej ill wish. *2. prayer. Dubaaraa dubaaraa: again and again

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Dubanaa, vt. 1. to cause to sink; to immerse. 2. to sink (a ship). 3. to drown (one). 4. to flood (as with water). 5. fig. to ruin, to destroy. Duubnaa, vi. 1. to sink; to set (the sun); to end (the day); to dive. 2. to drown. 3. to be immersed, flooded (ground). 4. to be lost, ruined (as funds, reputation); to be sacrificed to not avail. 5. to be engrossed (in/mein: as in study, or activity); to be sunk (in: as grief, or shame) Dubbii, f. a dive, plunge (= ubbkii) Dugunaa [H. duunaa] adj & m. 1. adj. Twofold, double; twice as much or as many (as/se); twice as large (as). 2. m. twice the amount (of/kaa). Do ~ caar, twice two are four. Duukh [S], duukh m. adj. causing grief, pain, or trouble, &c. Duukhdaayii, duukhdaayii adj. & m. id. duukhprad, adj. = duukhad. (oppressor, persecutor) duukhmaya, duukhmay, adj. grievous, sad (as a time, an event); filled with sorrow (a person) p501 Dukhaanaa vt. To cause suffering or pain; to pain, to wound Dukhnaa [duhkhati], vi. 1. to give pain, to ache. 2. to feel compassion (for: as the heart) 3. to feel compunction or remorse. Duniyaa: f. 1. the world; this world, or life: transf. worldly goods or pleasures. 2. people. Duniyaadaar, adj. & m. worldly; down-to-earth, practical; a worldly person; man of the world. Duniyaadaarii, f. worldliness, attention to or skill in worldly matters; worldly affairs, or goods; wife and children, family; outward courtesy, ceremony; sexual relations. P 503 Duniyaavii: worldly, mundane. Duur, adj & f. 1. adj. distant, remote. 2. removed (as a difficulty). 3. duur- [S]. distant; tele-: e.g. duur-sancaar, m. telecommunications. 4. adv. far, far off (from/se). 5. f. distance, remoteness (= duurii). ~ karnaa, to put or to keep at a distance; to remove (from/se); to conceal; to efface (as a memory); to avert (a calamity); to dispel (a doubt); to solve (a difficulty); to get rid of, to dispossess; to abolish. ~ kaa, adj. distant; future; distant (as a relative); far-reaching (as thought); far-fetched, wild (claim; boast); thorough going (a scolding); requiring careful consideration (a topic). Dur-damtaa [cf. S. durdama-], f. indomitability Dur-damya [S], adj. indomitable. Dus-[S], pref. = dur-. Duster, adj. difficult to be crossed; difficult to reach or to accomplish. P506 (versions of the word)

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Duman, m. enemy; adversary Dumanii, f. enmity; hostility; animosity. ~ aalnaa, to sow enmity or discord (between/ men or ke biic) Du [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. corrupted, depraved. 2. wicked; vicious; corrupt (as a witness); false. 3. base. 4. HSS. vitiated, wrongful. 5. m. a wicked person, &c. 6. a villain; enemy. 7. wretch Dvait [S], m. 1. double nature or entity, duality; ambiguity. 2. philos. Dualism (esp. that between the ultimate being and the universe). 3. Av. distinction, division. dvaitvaadii, adj Dve [S], m. hatred; aversion; spite; enmity .EEE. Eknt [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. secluded, lonely. 2. private; secret. 3. unaccompanied. 4. being exclusive: extreme; excessive. 5. m. a secluded place &c.; the inner heart. 6. privacy. ~ aavashyak, adj. absolutely essential. P141 Ekdam [H. ek + P. dam], adv. 1. in a breath, in a moment; (all) at once; immediately. 2. quite, completely. Ekras m. (a)monotonous (b) unchangeable Eii, f. 1. heel. 2. heel (of footwear). ~ se coii tak, adv. from head to heel. .FFF. Faislaa [A.faiala], m. 1. adjudication (of a case); judgment. 2. decision (as between alternatives) Fakhr, m. 1. glory. 2. just pride. 3. vainglory, boasting Falaa [A. fulaan], adj. inv. & m. 1. adj. such and such, any. 2. a particular, a certain. 3. m. a certain (man, &c). 4. pron. so and so. Faarig, adj. free (of/se: as of a task or burden). ~ karnaa, to make free (from) Faarkhatii, f. see s.v. faarig Farmaan [P], m. an edict, decree; a royal letter, charter Faritaa, m. 1. an angel. 2. a prophet

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Fariyaad [P. faryaad], f. var. /firyad/. 1. complaint. 2. cry for help; appeal. Farq (m): difference Farz, m. 1. musl. A religious obligation. 2. a moral obligation; a duty; responsibility. 3. supposition, assumption. ~ adaa karnaa, to discharge a duty, &c p 678 Fasl, f. division; season: 1. harvest-time; harvest (either autumn(khariif) or spring (rabii)). 2. crop, crops (either standing, or when ready for harvesting). Fauran [A], adv. at once, immediately. Faaydaa, m. 1. advantage, benefit. 2. gain; profit. 3. value, use. 4. convalescence Fikr, f. 1. thought, reflection. 2. care. Concern; anxiety; grief. ~ karnaa, to reflect (upon/kii); to plan (for or about), to provide (for); to feel care or concern (about); to grieve; to pine. Fursat, f. 1. leisure, free time. 2. opportunity (to do sg). 3. respite, rest (from/se); recovery (from illness). 4. reg. leave .GGG. Gaddaa, m. a mattress; a large padded cushion Gahaa, m. 1. a ditch, hole; a pit; crater. 2. a sunken area (as of ground, or of the cheeks). 3. a pitfall Gadhaa: donkey Gady [S], m. prose Gaflat, f. 1. neglect; forgetfulness. 2. inattention. 3. heedlessness. 4. soundness (of sleep); unconsciousness. 5. a fainting fit p255 Gahraa [ghabiira-], adj. 1. deep; intimate (of feelings); sound (sleep); strong (drink); dark; viscous; heavy (with sleep). 2. profound; grave, weighty. 3. harsh, cruel (a blow) Gaal, f. 1. the cheek. 2. Av. cheek, presumption. ~ bajaanaa, to talk haughtily; to boast; to blow air from the cheeks by striking them: as done in the recognition of iva (the sound produced is called bam-bam) p 264 Gahaii [cf H. gahaa], dimin. a pit ; a small pond or tank. Gahraaii: f. 1. depth; profundity, &c. 2. a deep place; cavity; depth, gulf.

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Galaa, m. 1. the throat; the neck; gullet. 2. fig. the voice. 3. neck or collar (of clothes) Galaanaa [cf. H. galnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be melted, to melt; to dissolve; to soften; to smelt (iron). 2. to cause to be wasted; to mortify; to benumb (of cold); to emaciate. 3. to cause to rot. Galat, adj. 1. incorrect, wrong (as a sum, a conclusion). 2. untrue (a remark, &c). ~ karnaa, to determine or to regard as wrong; to annul; to disregard. ~ samajhnaa, to misunderstand. Gaalii [gaalii-], f. 1. abusive language, abuse. 2. a type of indecent song sung at weddings. Gaaliicaa, m. a small carpet Galp [H. gap, B. gappa], m. a tale, story. Gam, m. 1. sadness; sorrow. 2. care, concern. ~ karnaa, or manaanaa, to grieve (for/par). ~ khaanaa, to suffer grief; to feel sympathy (for/kaa); to bear griefp255 Gambhiir [S], adj. 1. deep; low (a sound). 2. peofound; unfathomable. 3. serious, thoughtful; earnest (a person); solemn; dignified. Gaanaa: to sing Gandharva-vivaah, m. marriage by mutual agreement, without any marriage ceremony Ganimat, f. booty: 1. a piece of good fortune. 2. abundance. ~ hai ki, its a lucky thing that Gap, f. 1. casual talk, gossip. 2. baseless or exaggerated remarks; rumour. Gapoaa [cf. H. gap], m. = gap, 2. Gabai [cf. H. gaba ], f. ~ men panaa, to fall into confusion Garbh [S.], m. the womb. 2. the belly. 3. conception, pregnancy. 4. foetus, embryo. Gah [gaha-], m. 1. a fort; a stronghold; castle. 2. socket (of the eye) p252 Gahiyaa, f. 1. [cf. H. gah] = gahii (a small fort, fortification) 2. [cf. H. gahaa] reg. = a small pond or tank. Gariib [A. gariib], adj. & m. 1. adj. poor. 2. humble, modest. 3. mild (as the glance). 4. m. a poor man.

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Gart: pit, ditch, gulf, chasm Gath, f. a song; song of praise Gati [S.],f. 1. going, movement; course, motion; progress, development. 2. ending; death (and transmigration).3. situation, condition; a period of time. 4. manner, way of action; scope, reach. 5. means, recourse; shelter, protection (as offered by a god to a devotee). Gatimaan, adj. in motion; movable; dynamic Gatishiil= gatimaan= gatihiin: adj. motionless; inert Gau/Gaya: f. cow Gavaana [cf. gayamati], vt. 1. to allow to be lost; to lose (a thing). 2. to lose, to miss (a road). 3. to waste, to squander (as money, time, opportunity) Ghabraanaa/ghabaanaa, vi. & vt. 1. vi. To be confused; to be flustered; to be embarrassed. 2. to be perplexed. 3. to be perturbed, or alarmed. 4. vt. to confuse (a person); to fluster; to embarrass. 5. to perplex. 6. to alarm, to dismay, &c. Ghama, m. 1. pride, arrogance;conceit. 2. vanity Ghamaii, adj & m. 1. adj. proud, arrogant, conceited. 2. vain. 3. m. such a person. Ghamaasaan, m & adj. 1. m. a fierce fight or battle; slaughter. 2. adj. fierce, murderous (as a battle). ~ karnaa, to wreak havoc (in, or among/men) Ghan [Ghana-2], adj. & m. 1. adj. solid, dense; hard; coarse, heavy; thick, viscous; impenetrable (=ghanaa). 2. deep (colour, sound). 3. massed (clouds). 4. adj. very much 6. collection, group. P284 Gharbaar, m. house and premises; household goods; family Gharghasth, m. a householder Gharghasthii, f. a household (its members and effects) Ghaii [ghaikaa-], f. 1. a small space of time; spec. a period of twenty-four minutes. 2. a particular moment, or short period of time; a moment, an occasion. 3. an instrument to measure time; a watch; a clock. Ghaii- ghaii, adv. every now and again; repeatedly; constantly Gharvaalaa, m. householder; husband; occupant of a house. (Gharvaaliiwife) Ghaat, m. a landing place; wharf. 2. a slope to water, a river bank; a ford. 3. a flight of steps to water; embankment. 4. a place (as at a river bank) for washing clothes. 5. a mountain pass.

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Ghaata, m. 1. a decrease, decline. 2. a reduction, fall (of prices). 3. shortfall, deficit; loss Ghaat [S], m. 1. killing, murder; destruction. 2. striking down, wounding. 3. a blow. 4. math. power (of a number). ~ karnaa (kaa), to kill; to destroy. Ghat, m. 1. a large water-jar. 2. fig. the body. 3. m. f. the mind; the heart, the soul Ghataanaa, vt. 1. to cause to be lessened: to lessen; to reduce (as prices); to alleviate. 2. to deduct (from/se); math. to subtract. 3. to cause to deteriorate; to impair Ghatnaa, vi. 1. to decrease; to lessen, to be reduced; to fall. 2. to be deducted (from/se); math. to be substracted. 3. to deteriorate; to decline Ghatvaanaa, vt. To cause to be decreased, &c. Ghaav [ghaata-], m. 1. a wound; a bruise. 2. a sore. ~ karnaa (men), to wound (p288) Ghisav, m. friction, abrasion; attrition. Ghisnaa, vi, vt. & adj. 1. vi. To be rubbed; to be worn; to be worn down or smooth; to be scoured (clean). 2. vt. to rub; to rub down, to grind; to scour. 3. to groom (a horse). 4. adj. liable, or apt, to be worn by rubbing (as cloth) Ghor [S], m. 1. terrible, frightful; awesome. 2. extreme, intense; deep (sleep); heavy (as rain); huge. 3. violent, vehement; harsh. Ghoaa, m. 1. a horse (p 292) Ghonaa [S], f. 1. a declaration; annoucement; manifesto. 2. proclamation. Ghotna, vt & m. 1. vt. To rub, to rub down; to polish; to grind. 2. to shave clean. 3. to squeeze (the throat), to choke. 4. to mix, to dissolve; to boil or to cook well. 5. colloq. to go over mechanically (a lesson to be learned by heart)p 292 ghaa [S], f. 1. aversion; hatred, abhorrence. 2. contempt, disdain Ghuumnaa, vi. 1. to revolve; to spin, to whirl. 2. to move in a circle; to go round or about; to travel; to wander. 3. to turn, to bend (as a road). 4. to turn round (a person). 5. to be or to becomedizzy; to be drowsy; to be tipsy Ghusnaa , vi. 1. to penetrate; to thrust in; to enter forcibly. 2. to enter uninvited, or surreptitiously; to creep, to slink (into/mein). 3. to interfere (in). 4. to vanish, to evaporate (a feeling, an attitude) Giida, m. 1. a jackal. 2. pej. a coward

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Ginnaa, vt. 1. to count, to calculate. 2. [x H. gunnaa] to consider, to estimate, to evaluate. 3. to consider of account. Ginaanaa [cf H. ginnaa], vt & vi. 1. vt. to cause to be counted. 2. vi. Reg. to be counted; to be considered Gintii [cf. H. ginnaa], f. 1. counting; calculation; enumeration. 2. reckoning, account. ~ karnaa, to count. ~ ke, adj. countable: a few, only a few. Giraft [P. girift], f. 1. seizing, capture. 2. grasp, clutch; power. 3. a handle Giraavat [cf. H. girna], f? a falling, fall -giirii, noun formant, f. a taking , taking up or on (of an activity: eg. Gumaashtaagiirii, activity, or commission, of an agent). Girna, vi. 1. to fall; to fall down, or over; to collapse. 2. to fall, to drop (on or on top of/par); to rush (upon/par), to attack. 3. to fall (price); to decline (an activity, or health); to drop (heat, wind). 4. to debouch (a river), to be cast (a vote). 5. to befall (a calamity). 6. to be disgraced; to be ruined; to fall (from/se: as from esteem) Girne ke karn: because of falling Glaanii, f. 1. languor; fatigue. 2. depression; remorse. 3. aversion, disgust (from, or at/par) Glaanii: f. compuction glaanii karnaa: vt. to slander, to accuse falsely. Glaanii honaa: vi. to feel compunction. Gocnaa, vt. pl. HSS. To catch, to seize, to stop. Gol [gola-], m. & adj. 1. anything round; a circle Govaa [gomaya-], m. pl. cow-dung, manure Gopniiy, adj. 1. needing to be protected, or preserved. *2. needing to be kept secret, or hidden; confidential. ~rakhnaa, to keep, or to treat as, confidential. Goyaa, adv. so to speak: as if, as though Graha [S], m. 1. seizing, grasping; seizure. 2. mythol. Eclipse (seizure of sun or moon by the demon Raahu). 3. taking, accepting; acquisition; perception, grasp. 4. overshadowing, effacement. ~ karnaa, to seize; to receive, to accept; to obtain; to accede to; to grasp, to comprehend Graahak [S], m. one who takes, receives or values sg.: a customer; a subscriber.

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Gh [S], m. 1. house, dwelling; home, 2. building or room assigned to a special purpose. 3. gh-, the sphere of house or home, domestic sphere Ghasth, adj. & m. being a householder; a householder; a braahma carrying out the obligations of domestic life. Ghasthii, adj. & m. domestic; a household; householder Ghaa [S], f. 1. aversion; hatred, abhorrence. 2. contempt, disdain. Guphaa, f. a cave, place of retreat. Gul, m. 1. a rose; a flower. 2. sg. burned: esp. a burnt wick, or its ash. P 272 Gulzaar [P. zaar], m. & adj. A garden, or a bed, of rose or flowers; blooming, flourishing Gulaab, m. rose-water. *2. a (red) rose Guzaar m. 1. flower bed 2.garden a. blooming Gum [P. gum], adj. 1. lost. 2. wanting, missing (as alertness, intelligence). 3. absent; hidden. ~ karnaa, to lose; to hide. Gumnaam, adj. whose name is lost: of no repute; anonymous; inglorious. P 271 Gumraah, adj. & m. losing the way, wandering; misled; gone astray; one who has lost his way. ~ karnaa, vt. to lead astray Gumaanaa: to turn Gun [S.], m. 1. a quality, a property. 3. philos. Each of the three constituent of nature (viz. sattva goodness, rajas passion and tamas darkness) 5. a good quality, a virtue; a skill, aptitude; a talent. P 269 Gunaa [guaka-], m. inv. & adj. 1. m. a multiplicative quantity. Koii ~ adhik, several times larger, or greater. 2. adj. (with numerals) a multiplicative suffix : -fold, times. Dugunaa, twice as much (as/se) Gunaah [P.], m. 1. sin; fault, offence; vice. 2. guilt. ~ karnaa, to sin; to incur guilt Guhy [S], adj. 1. requiring, or able to be, hidden. 2. secret, mysterious; esoteric. Gupt [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. hidden, secret; kept secret; confidential. 2. m. name of a north Indian community. 3. m. a dissembler, hypocrite. ~ karnaa, to conceal. ~ ruup, adv. secretely. Gupt-car, m. a scout, spy. Gu m.jaggery

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Gussa, m. & adj. 1. m. anger; rage. 2. adj. colloq. angry. ~ karnaa, to be angry (with/par). P 273 Guzaarnaa, vt. 1. to cause to pass; to spend (time or ones life); to complete. 2. to lay (a gift) before (one) Guzarnaa, vi. 1. to pass, to make ones way (past). 2. to elapse (time); to befall, to happen (to/par). 3. (esp. guzar jaanaa). To pass by; to pass away, to die. guzaraa, m. the past. Gyaan: see jaan .HHH. Hii, encl. 1. precisely; particularly (stressing a preceding word); one thing rather than another. 2. just, merely
used to emphasise, express acceptance, limitation, certainty or inaccessibility.

Had, f. 1. boundary. 2. limit, bounds; extent. 3. bar, obstruction. 4. adv. extremely, very. 5. adv. at most; at least (p1058) Haii [cf H. ha-], f. 1. a bone. 2. a spavin. 3. hard core (of a carrot or similar root). 4. family; stock Haahaakaar m. cry of distress, distressful lamentation, tumult, uproar Haajii, m. musl. A pilgrim (to Mecca); one who has been to Mecca. Hal, m. solution (of a problem) Haal [A. hal], m. 1. state, condition. 2. circumstances, situation. 3. present and immediately preceding time. 4. account, story; news. Haal-caal, m. state, routine condition (of a person) Haalaki, conj. That being the case: 1. although 2. however, nonetheless Haal aanaa: to be inspired, to be thrown into ecstasies p1070 Haalat, f. particular state, condition; state of affairs Halcal, f.1. stir, bustle; activity; commotion. 2. confusion; anarchy. 3. alarm, fright; panic. 4. wavering. ~ daalnaa, to strike confusion or terror (in/mein). ~ honaa, bustle, activityto go on or to arise (in). Halkaa: light Hamea [P. hamea], adv. Always, constantly 45

Hamea ka, adj. existing always; eternal Hamea ke liye, adv. For ever Hamlaa, m. 1. an attack. 2. assault (on a person). 3. aggression. ~ karnaa (par), to attack, &c Hagaamaa [P hangaama], m. 1. tumultuous crowd; commotion, disturbance; din. 2. affray; riot Hap, m. the sound of gulping in, or gobbling. ~ kar jaanaa, to eat up, to gobble up. ~ se khaanaa, id. Hap-jhap, adv. greedily, quickly (of eating). Hap-hap, id. Haq, adj. & m. 1. adj. just, proper, right; true 2. m. justness, right; equity. 3. justice. 4. a right; a claim; privilege; franchise. 5. due share; due fee. 6. duty, obligation. 7. behalf, benefit; concern, advantage. Haar , f. 1. a losing, defeat. 2. loss (a of money). 3. tiredness. 4. dejection Haar [haara-], m. 1. a necklace. 2. a garland Haar , m. reg. 1. a field; grazing ground. 2. the outer circle of the fields surrounding a village. Haran [S.], m. 1. taking, seizing; carrying off; stealing. 2. taking away; removing (a difficulty; curing (a disease); ..p1060 Harj [A.], m. 1. trouble, loss, harm; inconvenience. 2. obstacle Harjaa [P. harja], m. damages, compensation. Hara[S], state of ecstasy Harit [S], adj. delighted, joyful; cheerful Hast [S], m. 1. the hand. 2. the forearm. 3. astron. the thirteen lunar asterism Hastii, f. 1. existence; the world; life. 2. wealth. 3. worth, merit. 4. transf. an important person. Hah [S], m. 1. stubbornness, insistence (esp. unreasonable insistence). 2. crossness, sulks (of a child). 3. firm promise, or resolve. 4. force, violence. P1055 Haath [hasta-], m. p 1067/69. ~ par ~ dhare, or rakhe, adv. with arms folded. ~ par ~ dhare baihe rahnaa, to sit doing nothing. Hataanaa [cf. H. hatnaa], vt. 1. to remove; to move away, or aside. 2. to drive back or off, to repel. 3. to remove (from a post). 4. to postpone.

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Hatnaa, vi. 1. to move away, or aside (from/se); to turn aside; to withdraw, to retire. 2. to be driven back (as an enemy). 3. to be remove (from a post). 4. to desist (from). 5. to shrink (from). 6. to go back (on/se: as on a promise). 7. to be postponed Hathelii , f. 1. palm (of the hand). 2. impression made by the palm. Hatyaa [S], f. 1. killing; murder. 2. destruction. 3. a mortal sin. 4. a wretched creature. 5. fig. dire trouble; quarrel. Haul, m. 1. fright, terror. 2. alarm. Hauldil, adj & m. frightened Haul, m. U strength, power. Havii, adj. 1. comprising, including. *2. getting within ones grasp: dominating, prominent. Havii honaa, to include; to dominate or to be prominent (at the expense of/par) Haazir, adj. 1. present. 2. ready, prepared, willing (to/ko, ke liye). ~ karnaa, to cause to appear, to present (a person); to hand over; to make ready. ~ honaa, to be present, or in attendance; to be ready, willing. Haazirjavaab, adj. ready with an answer, quick-witted; pert. ~ii, f. readiness with an answer etc.; repartee. Hii, encl. 1. precisely; particularly (stressing a preceding word); one thing rather than another. 2. just, merely
used to emphasise, express acceptance, limitation, certainty or inaccessibility.

Hijje [A. hijaa], m. syllabification, spelling. ~ karnaa, to spell, &c ; to probe (a matter) ; to wrangle (over a matter). ~ nikaalnaa, to find fault (with). ~ pakaanaa, to find mistakes (of detail: in) Hilaanaa [cf. H. 1. hilnaa], vt. 1. to shake. 2. to swing (legs, stick etc.); to wave (hand); to wag (tail). 3. to nod (the head, in agreement or disagreement). 4. to shrug (the shoulders). 5. to move, to dislodge. 6. to rouse (from sleep; or to action). Himmat (f): courage Hiintaa [S.], f. 1. want, deprivation (of). 2. destitution. 3. deficiency, inferiority; baseness. Hisaab, m. 1. counting, calculation; a calculation. 2. an account (business); accounts. 3. arithmetic. 4. a bill (of charges). 5. rate, price, charge. 6. measure; proportion. 7. calculation; rule, standars. 8. estimate, judgement. 9. calculated manner, manner of thought or action. 10. condition, situation Hissaa [A. hissa], m. 1. part; section, division. 2. portion, share. 3. fin. A share. 4. dividend. 5. fig. sympathy

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Honaa, vi. 1. to be; to exist; to be present. 2. to become. 3. esp. ho jaanaa. To be accomplished, effected, done. Kaam ho gayaa hai, the job is finished. 4. to be committed (as error &c; by/se). 5. to result. 6. to happen. 7. to be born. 8. to serve (a purpose). 9. to be felt, experienced (an emotion: by/ko); to be suffered (as hunger: by/ko). 10. to elapse (time). 11. esp. ho jaanaa. To come to an end. Ho gayaa? Is (the meal, &c.) over? Are you finished? Ho aanaa, to become all at once; to spring up, to arise; to appear, to drop in (on/ke yahan); to have returned from, to have been in or to (a country, &c.). P 1081 Honii, f. 1. being, existence. 2. birth, origin. 3. = honhaar, 5. Ho, m. 1. consciousness, the senses. 2. mind, understanding; the wits. 3. sense, discretion p1042 Hoiyaar, adj. 1. intelligent. 2. knowledgeable. 3. skilful (at or in/men). 4. careful, alert. 5. sensible; sober. 6. knowing, shrewd. ~! interj. watch out! be careful! ~ karnaa, to apprise; to forewarn. ~ rahnaa, to be on ones guard (against/se); to keep watch. ~ ho jaanaa, to reach the age of discretion, to leave the childhood behind. Hujuum, m. a crowd Hukm, m. 1. order, command; instruction. 2. judgement, finding (of a court); order, decree. 3. jurisdiction, authority; rule. 4. leave, permission, sanction. 5. (in cards) spade .III. Icchaa [S], f. 1. wish, desire. 2. will. ~ karnaa (kii), to wish, to desire Ikahaa, adj. 1. collected, assembled; (gathered) together. 2. taken together, totaled. ~ karnaa, to collect; to accumulate; to call together, to convene; to sum up, to total; to concentrate, to consolidate (as resources). Iimaan, m. 1. belief (esp. in God); faith, creed. 2. good faith: honesty; trustworthiness; integrity. 3. honour. 4. conscience p110 Iimaandaar, adj. believing, feeling faith; faithful; righteous, guided by conscience; honest; trustworthy. Inkaar, m. 1. denial; objection (as to an argument); contradiction. 2. refusal; rejection. ~ karnaa (se), to deny; to contradict; to refuse (to); to reject. Intazaam, m. 1. arrangement. 2. order, method; discipline. 3. organisation. ~ karnaa (kaa), to arrange; to arrange for; to manage; to plan. ~ denaa (ko), to impart order (to): to arrange, to regulate. # rakhnaa, to keep order etc. Intazaar, m. expecting, waiting (anxiously). ~ karnaa, to wait (for/ka) Iiryaa [S], f. 1. envy. 2. jealousy. 3. spite, ill-will

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Ii [S], m. 1. lord, master. 2. the supreme spirit. 3. ruler; king. 4. husband Ishaaraa: m. hint, signal, indication, nod, gesture Is par bhi: despite this I [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. desired. 2. cherished; favourite. 3. revered. 4. m. an object of desire, love or reverence; a favoured deity; a beloved person; one favoured by a deity. 5. faith, trust, love. 6. aim, goal. ~-kaal, m. astrol. favourable moment ~ - dev, m. the favoured deity of a family, or of an individual. Iivriiy [S], adj. of God, divine Itnaa: as much as this -iiy [S], suffix (form adjectives, e.g. bhaaratiiya, Indian) Izzat [A. izza: P. izzat], f. honour; good name; esteem .JJJ. Zabardastii cf .ZZZ. Jab, adv. & conj. 1. when , at the time when; while. 2. whereas. ~ kabhii, adv. wherever. ~ kaa, adj. of that time, of the time when: past, previous, last. ~ kaa ~, or ~ kaa tab, adv. at the proper moment. ~ ki, conj. = ~, ~ ~, conj. Whenever. ~ tak, conj. As long as; (with neg.) until; by which time, by that time. ~ tab, adv. sometimes, occasionally. p357 (jhaaduu) the broom Jagah, f: place Jagaanaa [cf H, jagnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be awake, to awaken; to rouse. 2. to make conscious or alert; to stimulate. 3. to kindle, to revive (as a flagging fire) Jagnaa [cf. H. jaagnaa], vi. 1. to wake up. 2. to be awake. 3. to burn (a flame). Jaagara [S], m. 1. wakefulness. 2. vigil. 3. awareness. Jaise, adv. 1. in the way in which, just as. 2. for instance. 3. as if. ~ bane, adv. As well as may be, somehow or other. ~ hii, conj. As soon as; precisely in the way in which, jaisejaise, adv. In proportion as, just as. Jaise-taise, adv. Somehow or other, by hook or by crook, with difficulty

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Jaiv [S], adj. 1. pertaining to living creatures. 2. chem.. organic Jaivikii [S], f. biology Jal [jala-], m. 1. water. 2. (in chronograms) a symbol for the number four. p361 Jalmay, adj. consisting, or filled with, water Jalnaa [jvalati], vi. 1. to burn; to be lit (lamp, stove); to be on a fire (cooking ustensil) 2. to be on fire; to be burned down (building). 3. to be cremated (body) 6. to feel envy, or jealousy. 7. to feel irritation, exasperation, anger. Jalaanaa [cf. H. jalnaa], vt. 1. to burn, to light (lamp, stove). 2. to set on fire; to burn down 4. to inflame (feelings); to cause distress Jalvaa, m. making clear: splendour, lustre; beauty Jaam, m. a goblet, drinking vessel. Jaam [janman-], m. a son. Jaam- [cf. janman-: Pk. jammai], vi. Av. to arise, to be produced, to germinate. Jamaa: A1. collection, accumulation. 2. addition, adding up. 3. capital, wealth. 4. aggregate amount, sum, total. 5. stock, assetsB1collected, accumulated. 2. added. 3. credited Jamaanaa [cf H. jamnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be fixed, or to adhere ; to set or to lay in place (as a brick) ; to spread (a layer). 2. to cause to congeal; to freeze (water); to clot, to coagulate (milk, blood). 3. to cause to take root, to plant. 4. to fix, to lay down; to measure out (a distance). 5. colloq. To deliver (a blow, a slap); to hit (a score: cricket). 6. to collect, to amass. 7. to establish, to consolidate (a position, an activity, an ascendancy). 8. to impress (upon, par: as ones words, or authority). Jamaava [cf. H. jamaav], m. a gathering, assembly. Jaac [yaacnaa-], f. 1. examination, investigation; enquiry; interrogation. 2. test; appraisal, evaluation. 3. verification. 4. research, analysis. Jaacnaa [yaacyate], vt. 1. to examine, to investigate ; to enquire into ; to interrogate. 2. to test; to appraise, to evaluate. 3. to verify. 4. to research, to analyse Jaan, f. & adj. 1. f. life, spirit; animating force (expression showing [jaan], f. in this sense often coexist with equivalents containing [jo], m. ). 2. vitality, viguour. 3. essential quality, essence. 4. adornment, grace, beauty. 5. sweetheart, darling. 6. adj. dear, beloved

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Jan [jana-], m. a living being: 1. a man; a person. 2. an attendant, servant; adherent (of a leader, or a deity). 3. (pl and in comp.) people, folk; community, a group Jagam [S], adj & m. 1, adj. moving, not stationary; living. 2. movable. 3. wandering, itinerant (as a beggar). 4. m. name of a aiva community. Jaanvar (P) m. (a) living being, creature (b) animal (c) beast Jaanaa, vi. 1. go; to depart; to travel; to issue (from/se); to go, to lead (to: as a road); to be sent, dispatched (as a telegram); to go on, to continue; to turn (to/par: as the thoughts); to act, to proceed. 2. to pass, to pass away; to elapse; to be lost; to be spent; to be destroyed or ruined. 3. to diminish, to dwindle, to evaporate (as courage, patience), to vanish; to be gone for good. 4. euph. To die. 5. to be forgotten, or passed over; to be overlooked (as an offence). 6. to be without, or deprived (of/se). p 368 Janaab, m. a title of respect (also euph.): you honour, your excellency; hi honour, his excellency Jannii [S], f. mother, progenitrix Janm [S.], m. 1. birth. 2. origin; emergence. 3. existence: lifetime; incarnation p 356 Janmaaamii, f. hind. The eight day of the dark half of the month Bhaado, the birthday of Krishna; the festival held on that day. Janmaantar, m. another birth, the next life Jaannaa: to know Jantu, m. an animal; a creature; an insect, &c. Jap [conn. Japya-], m. 1. repetition in a low tone of an incantation, or the name of a deity; counting silently the beads of a rosary, &c. 2. a muttered prayer or spell. 3. meditation on the name of a deity Jar [jataa-], f. 1. root. 2. basis, foundation; basic or essential aspect. origin, cause. Ja a. 1. root 2. source, origin. 3. foundation Jar [jada], adj. & m. 1. adj lifeless, inert; unfeeling. 2. composed of lifeless matter, material. 3. senseless, stupid. 4. cold, numb. 5. m. an inanimate or inert body; lifeless matter. 6. a stupid person. Ja, f. 1. inanimate, lifeless, inert 2. sluggish, inactive 3. stupid, idiotic Ja-cetan. a. the animate and the inanimate Javaad. m. materialism Javaadi. a. & m. materialistic, materialist Javat, adj. EH. Inert

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Jaraa [S], old age: infirmity, decrepitude. Jaatv [S], m. = jata [S], f. 1. lifelessness; inertness; insensibility. 2. senselessness, stupidity. 3. torpor, apathy. Jarraa. See zarraa Jaasti tkLrh & T+;knk It means more, much Jaat [ad. Jaata-], adj. born; produced. Jaat [ad. Jaati-], f. birth etc. jaat-paant, f. lineage, family ; community, caste. Jaatvaalaa, m. a person of high caste; a caste-fellow. See jaati p 367 Javaahar [A. javaahir, pl. & sg.], m. pl. & sg. 1. pl. jewels, precious stones. (= javaaharaat/A. javaahiraat) 2. sg. Jewel Javaanii: early adulthood Jhagaa, m. a long, loose garment (specif. as worn by very young children). [Baba says jhangola in the Trimurti one hour course] Jhagaa, m. a quarrel; dispute, row; fight, brawl; quarrelling. Jhagaaluu, adj. & m. 1. adj. quarrelsome, truculent; litigious. 2. m. a quarrelsome person. Jhaa, m. 1. a bush. 2. bushes, undergrowth, bambles; scrub; vegetation. 3. a chandelier. 4. a type of firework Jhaauu, m. a broom. ~ denaa (mein), to sweep (a room etc.); to make a clean sweep, to spare nothing~lagaanaa (mein), to sweep (a room) p 393 Jha, m & adj. 1. m. quickness. 2. adj. quick; adv. quickly, at once. P 389 Jhuknaa, vi. .1 to be bent down, to bend; to droop; to lean, to incline; to sink; to be lowered, to drop (a flag, or the eyes); to nod, to sink (the head). 2. to bend down; to stoop; to crouch. 3. to submit, to yield (to/ke samne, ke aage); to pay homage (to). 4. to be perplexed (the mind). 5. to incline (towards/kii aur); to show an interest (in), or a proclivity (for). 6. to round, to turn (on/par or kii aur). 7. colloq. to be spent or thrown away (in or on/mein) Jhuknaa, vi: to bow Jhukaanaa, vt: to bow (the head)

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Jhu, m. 1. a flock (of animals or birds); a troop; herd; swarm. 2. a crowd, band. 3. clump. Jhuuth, m. & adj. 1. m. a lie; falsehood. 2. adj. lying, false Jhuuthaa, adj & m. 1. adj. Lying; false. 2. insincere, hypocritical. 3. illusory, unsound (belief); vain. 4. counterfeit, forged, spurious. 5. impure (metal, alloy, commodity). 6. unreliable, defective; useless. 7. m. a liar, a false person. Jii [jiiva-], m. (with expressions showing jii there often co-exist equivalents showing jaan, f., or dil,m.; and sometimes man, m). 1. life, spirit; inner self; mind; heart, feelings. 2. spirits, courage, morale. 3. bodily state; health; vigour. 4. affection, regard. Jiibh [jihvaa-], f. 1. the tongue. 2. a flat, projecting part: tongue (of a shoe); nib (of a pen). Jilaanaa [cf. jiivala-], vt. 1. to give life to; to animate; to revive. 2. to allow to live, to preserve alive. 3. to keep (an animal). Jiinaa [jiivati], vi. 1. to be alive, to live; to exist. 2. to enjoy life Jiit [cf.H.jiitnaa], f. winning, victory; a win; a success. Jiite jii, adv. living, alive; in the lifetime (of/ke); to the length of (ones) life. Jiite jii marnaa, to die a living death; to suffer extreme misery or anguish. Jiitnaa, vt. & vi. 1. vt. Overcome, to defeat (an enemy); to conquer; to beat. 2. to win (a battle, contest, prize). 3. to win the favour of, to win (one) over. 4. vi. To be won, to be successful (a case, a suit) Jitnaa, adj & adv. As much as; as many as; however much, however many. ~utnaa (hii), as much, or as many as (just) so much, or so many. Jitnaa, vi. To be conquered or subdued; to be won. Jiivat [S], adj. 1. living, alive; for or during life. 2. [x H. jiivit] lively (a person). Jiivanmukt, adj. & m. released, while living, from future birth; one so released. Jiivanmukti, f. release from future birth, residence of the soul with braahma. Jiivit, adj. & m. 1. adj. restored to life. *2. living, alive. 3. live (as a wire:= garam). 4. m. life, existence. Jiiv-jantu: living creature Jiyaa- vt. Brbh. Av. = jilaanaa

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Jaan [S], m. 1. knowledge; understanding; wisdom. 2. learning. 3. consciousness. 4. philos. understanding of the identity of the self with the ultimate braahma Jo p 381 Jo bhii: whoever, whichever Jor: see zor Jornaa, vt. 1. to join; to unite, to connect, to attach. 2. to attach. 2. to lay (bricks); to set (type); to solder; to set (a bone); to assemble (components); to mend, to patch; to stitch together; to bind up, to heal (a wound, a broken heart). 3. to gather together, to amass; to save up (money); to compile, or compose (a literary work). 4. to make an addition; to add; to count up. 5. to harness (as to a horse: se). 6. to match, to mate. 7. to put a light to: to light (a fire, a lamp). 8. to form, to strike up (a connection, relationship). Jo, m. 1. boiling. 2. heat, excitement; passion; ardour, enthusiasm; rage; frenzy Judaaii, f. 1. separation, parting; absence. 2. estrangement. 3. distinction, difference. Julnaa [cf. *yuati], vi. In comp. w. milnaa, to be joined, to meet; to be harmonious, to agree Juaanaa, vt. to cause to collect, or to combine: to collect; to amass, to obtain Junaa, vi. 1. to join; to adhere; to heal, to close (a wound). 2. to be adjoining, or adjacent. 3. to close (with, se:in fight). 4. to be involved or absorbed (in/mein, or ke piche): as in a task). 5. to be collected, to collect; to come together, to assemble; to get together (as to plot or to intrigue). Junaa [cf. jornaa], vi. 1. to be joined, to be attached; to be added, appended. 2. to cause to be mended, repaired. 3. to be collected ( = Junaa); to come together, to assemble. 4. to be available (to/ko). 5. to be fastened, to be yoked ( = jutnaa); to be stuck together. Jvaalaa, f. 1. flame, blaze. 2. burning sensation Jvalan [S], m. 1. burning, blazing; conflagration. 2. burning feeling: an outburst (as of anger) Jyo, adv. in the way in which; just as; like Jyo hii, at the moment when, as soon as; just as if (p385) - Jyo-Jyo, conj. In proportion as. Jyo-Jyo, adv. somehow or other; with difficulty Jyoti [S], f. light; brilliance, radiance.

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.KKK. Kabhii: p167 Kacahrii, f. 1. a court. 2. a public office. 3. the people assembled, esp. in a court, or office: a crowd; company, group. 4. the business of a court, or office. ~ karna, to hold a court; to carry on official work Kaccaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. uncooked; untreated, raw (as unrefined brick, unslaked lime). 2. unripe, green (as fruit, wood). 3. crude, pertly processed (as paper, raw sugar, pig-iron). 4. immature, crude; undigested. 5. rough, sketchy; preliminary, provisional. 6. unfinished, incomplete. 7. imperfectly known or acquired, or skilled. 8. inexperienced, simple; stupid. 9. deficient; not fast (dye); not permanently confirmed (in tenure: a cultivator); undependable (a person). 10. unsound, false; incorrect, unreliable (as advice); invalid ( a document); discreditable (remarks). 11. unsteady, unstable. 12. timid; tender. 13. m. preliminary work: a plan, sketch, draft; basting stitch. P 156 Kachuaa: tortoise KacaRa, m. = kacra, 2., 3. kacaRa kcaD,a Kacra 2, m. 1. rubbish, sweepings, straw; husks Kadcit [S.], adv. 1. at some time; hardly ever. 2. perhaps. (cf comment Hindi in indications for translations) Kaafii [A], adj. 1. enough, sufficient. 2. a fair or considerable amount of. 3. adv. quite, fairly Kaafir, adj. & m. 1. adj. not believing (esp. in Islam); impious. 2. m. an unbeliever, infidel. 3. pej. base person, wretch; villain. Kahaa [conn. Kasya], interr. Pron., &c, Brbh. 1. what? Which?. 2. rhetor. How? Why? Kahaa [H. kahnaa], m. something said: 1. a remark; remarks. 2. advice. 3. an order. ~ karnaa, to carry out the instructions (of/ka). ~maannaa (ka), to obey. Kahaa-kahii, f. exchange of words. Kahaa-sunii, f. dispute, wrangle. Kahaa, adv 1. where? 2. rhetor. in what (possible) case? how? 3. whither? ~~, where (on the (?) one hand)where (on the other): what a difference betweenand ~ kaa, of what place? Strange, unusual; of no sort. ~ kaa ~, from where to where?: where indeed? Extremely, intensively; far p 184 Kahiim, adv. 1. somewhere; anywhere. ~ bhii, anywhere at all. 2. by some chance; anyhow; perhaps. 3. rethor. By no means. 4. w neg. may it not happen that; lest. 5. to how great an extend: greatly. ~ aur, somewhere else. ~ ~, adv. here and there; at times; at intervals. ~ ~, adv. in one place in another; now now; at intervals. ~ kaa, adj.

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belonging to somewhere. ~ kaa ~, adv. here and there; now here, now there; from one state or place to another, quite transformed. ~ nahin adv. nowhere. ~ se, adv. from somewhere; from anywhere. Jahan ~, adv. wherever. Har ~, adv. everywhere Kahiim kaa: of any place, of some unknown place. Kahiim kaa Kahiim: at the wrong place Kahiim na Kahiim: somewhere or the other Kahnaa p183 *Kaha jaata hai: it is said Kal: yesterday, tomorrow Kaal (m): time, age, period; grammatical tense Kaalaa, adj. 1. black. 2. wicked. 3. fearful, dire. 4. m. a title of Krishna. P194 Kalak [S], m. 1. a spot, mark; disfigurement. 2. blemish, disgrace. 3. accusation, suspicion, aspersion p176 near words Kala, m. = kalsaa [kalaa-], m. 1. a water-pot, pitcher, jar. 2. a rounded pinnacle or a ball, & c., on the top of a dome; crest, finial p177 Kalyaan [S], m. 1. welfare, prosperity; good fortune. 2. a virtuous or auspicious action p180 ~karna: to bring about (ones) well-being or salvation. Kalyankari: adj. auspicious, conducive to ones well-being, &c. Kaam, m. action, act. 2. work, task. 3. occupation; business. 4. matter, business in hand; purpose. 5. a feat. 6. service, use; need (of/se). 7. workmanship; manufacture. 8. needlework. Kaam lenaa, to set to work; to make use (of/se) Kaam [S.], m. 1. desire. 2. sexual desire; passion; lust. 3. the object of desire, &c. 5. kaam. desirous of (eg. satyakaam, adj. desirous of truth, righteous) Kam, adj. & adv. 1. adj. little, few, small (of amount or quantity); deficient, scanty. 2. less (than/se). ~ se ~, less than little: the least, the fewest. 3. adv. little; seldom. P168 Kamaaii [cf. H. kamaanaa], f. 1. the act of earning or acquiring. 2. earnings, gain, profits. 3. due recompense, or retribution Kamal, m. a lotus Kaamnaa [S], f. 1. desire. 2. lust. Kamaanaa, vt. 1. to earn. 2. to acquire; to save, to accumulate. 3. to work (sg): to treat, to tend, to service.

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Kamar [P.], f. 1. the waist, the loins. 2. waist (of a garnment) Kambakhta a. unfortunate, unlucky, miserable Kaahaa [katha-], m. 1. Av. throat. 2. [kahaka-] red and blue ring round a parrots throat. 3. Brbh. edge, shore. Ka [S], m. 1. a particle, small fragment, granule; a grain, seed; drop. 2. facet (of a cut stone) Kacan [ad. Kaacana-], m. gold. Kandhaa [skandha-], m. the shoulder Kagaal, adj. 1. poor. 2. wretched Kaanii [kanya-], f. the little finger. Kanisth, adj. 1. smallest; little (finger). 2. youngest; younger (brother); junior. Kanisthikaa, f. the little finger. Kankar [cf. karkara-], m. 1. a nodule of limestone. 2. a stone; pl. stones, gravel. 3. a hard piece, fragment. 4. an uncut jewel. Kankar-patthar: pebbles and stones, shingle, gravel; fig. rubbish

d.BsA & fdukjk

Kaanuun: see Q

banks or shore. kNza kNzo pr

Kara [s], m. 1. cause; means, instrument. 2. motive, purpose; reason. 3. prime cause; source, basis. 4. (in tantric ritual; and transf.) alcoholic drink. 5. adv. & ppn. w. [ke], because of . is ~ (se), adv. for this reason Karaanaa [cf. H. karnaa], vt. To cause to be done (by/se); to effect (as an introduction, a change); to perform (a sacrifice, &c). That ShivBaba is karanhar (the one who performs actions himself) as well as karavanhar (the one who gets actions performed by others). Through whom is he karanhar? Through Brahma he performs and shows actions. No matter, whether the children would do or they wouldnt. He does himself and shows. This s called karanhar. And then the father is karavanhar too. No matter whether he himself would do or not, but he will get performed by the children. Karaik a. having a cause

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Kaarbaar [P. baar], m. dealings, business; trade; occupation -kaarii [S], adj. formant. Doing, making, performing (eg. karyakaarii, performing an act; executive) -kaarii, f. formant. Work (eg. dastakaarii, f. handicraft) Karimaa [P. kirima], m. wink, glance: 1. wonderful deed; a wonder, phenomenon. 2. talisman, charm; charisma. ~ dikhaanaa, to perform a feat. Kaarkhaanaa, m. factory; workshop; business, activity

Karnighor Brahmins
578 p 3 On the path of bhakti they say: Baba when you come, we will sacrifice everything, we will surrender. It was just like Karnighor. There are Karnighor Brahmins, arent they? When someone dies, the things that belongs to him, however old they are, the Karnighor Brahmins take everything. This Father also has come as a Karnighor Brahmin. But what will the Father do after taking them? They dont die alive (jite ji marna). This is a matter of dying in an unlimited way. The Father takes away the old vices of those who die alive.

Karo, m. ten millions, a crore Kaaru [S], m. poet. a maker, craftsman Kauaa a. bitter, astringent ( = kavaa q.v.) Kauaanaa vi. 1. to become bitter or pungent. 2. to become angry. 3. (aankhe) to burn for want or sleep. Kartavy [S], m. to be done: 1. duty. 2. task p175 Kartavytaa [S], f. sense of duty Kaary [S.], m. 1. action, act; activity. 2. work, task, duty; function, role. 3. occupation. 4. business, matter (in hand); agenda Kai, f. 1. attraction, attractive power. 2. attractiveness, charm. Katakatit: so called Kathan [S], m. 1. narrating. 2. a narrative; an account; statement. 3. utterance, words. 4. a type of literary composition, unbroken narrative by a single speaker. Kahin [S], adj. 1. hard; sharp (a blade &c). 2. harsh. 3. difficult; burdensome. Kathit [S], adj. 1. said, uttered; narrated. 2. spoken (language).

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Kanaa [cf. H. kaanaa], vi. 1. to be cut; to be harvested (grain). 2. to be cut off, or cut away; to be written out (a cheque). 3. to be killed (as in battle); to be killed (as by a train); to be slaughtered. 4. to be deducted (from/se). 5. to be removed (from/se: as a name from a list). 6. to be squandered (money). 7. to be spent (time); to be endured, lived through. 8. to be ended (as tribulations). 9. to disappear, to be removed; to be effaced; to be faded, bleached (colour); to be annulled (sins). 10. to be countered or made inefective (as a playing cards when trumped). 11. to avoid, to shun (another). 12. to run off, to diverge (from/mein se: a branch road, or canal). 13. to be divisible (a number by/se, another). 14. fig. to be hurt, wounded; to be ashamed, or humiliated. p158 Kaanaa [kartati], vt. 1. to cut; to cut into; to carve, to saw; to cut (a crop); to write (a cheque); to cut (cards); to book (a ticket). 2. to cut apart, to divide; to cleave (as waves); maths to cut (one line with another); arith. To divide (one number into another). 3. to bite into (food). 4. to bite (of an animal, a snake); to sting. 5. to gnaw; to eat away (as ants). 6. to wound; to chafe (against/mein: as a shoe the foot). 7. to cut out, to erase; to wash out (dirt, or sin); to delete; to cancel (a ticket, or an item from a programme); to abolish. 8. to disconnect (as a carriage from a train). 9. to cut away, to erode. 10 to spend (time, life); to to while away (time); to complete (a term). 11. to make, to drive (a road etc.); to lay out (road garden)22.to be sharp; to be pungent; to be corrosive, or virulent; to sting (as cold wind). Kaor: strict, stern Kaurav [S], adj & m. connected with the Kurus Kaurii [kapardikaa-:Drav.], f. 1. a small shell, a cowrie (formerly in use as a barter token of very low value). 2. colloq. a small amount of money. 3. a gland; a hard swelling. 4. a white mark on the finger nail Kaayaa, f. 1. the body. 2. body (of an object); trunk (of a tree). 3. outer form, appearance. 4. [engl. body] an incorporated body Kaayaa-kalp, m. rejuvenation (esp. by magical means) Kaayaa palt, f. transformation, metamorphosis; change of body, rebirth; recovery of health (after illness); an elixir of youth. Kaayar: coward kayiyan shariir

dkb;k 'kjhj

frail or skinny body; weak

Kendr, m. centre; middle part Keval, adj & adv. 1. exclusively (ones own), sole; one and only, absolute. 2. adv. Only; solely, merely.

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Khabar, f. 1. news; information. 2. report, notification; message. 3. rumour. 4. fig. heed, care, attention. 5. firg. Good judgment or sense. Khabardaar, adj. & interj. watchful, careful; be careful! Kha, m. 1. a pit; a gap. 2. low ground between hills; a pass, saddle. 3. ravine Khaa, m. reg. 1. a pit; hollow. 2. dimple Khade [cf. H. khadenaa], f. chase, pursuit. Khaad: 'khaad' which literally means fertilizer, but in spiritual terms it means mixturity, just as a cheap metal is mixed with a costly metal to make it cheap, thus reducing the quality. In the murlis, khaad refers to the alloy of vices. Khaak, f. 1. dust; earth. 2. ashes. 3. fig. nothing at all; sg. useless. Kyaa ~ hai, its of no use at all. Khalas, adj. & m. 1. adj. freed; released. 2. needy, poor. 3. m. deliverance, release; discharge (as from service). 4. relief (from any burden) Khaalsaa adj. & m. 1. adj. = khaalis. 2. hist. exchequer, revenue department. 3. hist. crown or government lands. *4. m. the Sikh order or brotherhood established by Guru Govind. Khaalse laganaa, hist. to be appropriated or confiscated (by the government). Khaan, f. 1. a mine, a quarry; source. 2. a store; treasury. 3. ample store, abundance Khaanaa vt&m. 1. vt. To eat. 2. to consume; to swallow; to inhale; to devour 3. to take. To take in, to accept5. to suffer, to endurep235 Khand [ad. Khanda-], m. 1. a piece, fragment; part. 2. a division; floor, or apartment (of a house); region (of a country, or of the world); section, segment; chapter; fascicule Khandnaatmak a.1. segmental 2. repudiative 3. destructive Khandit, adj. 1. broken into pieces; destroyed; split, divided; interrupted, broken off (as proceedings). 2. made imperfect; refuted; contradicted; impugned; disappointed (as trust, hope). ~ karnaa, to break, to destroy etc. Khaar, m. 1. a thorn. 2. cocks spur. 3. fig. rancour; envy; jealousy Khara honaa: to be standing Kharaab, adj. 1. bad, worthless; inferior. 2. spoiled; contaminated. 3. ruined; destroyed. 4. wretched, miserable (state). 5. corrupt, depraved; indecent; wicked. 6. violated (a woman). ~ karnaa, to spoil etc.; to ruin etc.; to corrupt; to violate.

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Kharc , m. 1. outgoings: expenditures, expenses. 2. expense, cost Khaas, adj. 1. particular, special; distinct; express (as a stipulation). 2. specific; personal, private (house, servant, session). 3. choice, best (goods). 4. main, chief (in standing or importance). 5. U. noble. ~ karke, adv. = khaaskar P236 Khaas taur par: especially Khaaskar, adv. in particular, especially. Khaasiyat, f. quality, special property; special nature Khaatir, f. what occurs to the mind: 1. regard, respect. 2. considerate attention; hospitality. 3. ppn. out of consideration (for/kii) Khatm, m & adj. 1. m. end. 2. adj. finished, completed, done; exhausted (as a commodity). ~ karnaa, to finish; euph. To do for, to kill. ~ honaa, to come to an end, to finish, to stop; to be finished, exhausted. Khaaa, adj & m. 1. adj. acid, sour, tart. 2. m. a citrondaat khae karnaa (ke), fig. to give a reverse (to), to discomfit Khayaal m. 1. thought, idea, notion 2. opinion, view Khayaalaat: plural Khayaalii, adj. 1. imaginary. 2. fanciful. 3. illusory Khaso [cf. H. khasonaa], m. a plucking or tearing out. 2. a scratch, tear Khauf, m. fear. ~ karnaa, to be afraid (of/se)p246. khaufnaak, adj. fearsome, terrifying; afraid. Khazaanaa, m. 1. treasury; store. 2. finance, revenue. 3. a treasure. khule khasaane, adv. openly, publicly. Khel, m. 1. play; sport; amusement; dallying. 2. a game. 3. sg. Easy or unimportant: a trifle. 4. a wonder, a spectacle. 5. showing (as of a film) Khidmat, f. 1. service. 2. employment, work. 3. a service, favour Khiicnaa, vt. 1. to pull; to drag. 2. to draw (as a sword). 3. to draw, to attract. 4. to draw (a line, a picture); to take (a photograph) Khitpit: problem (not seen in dictionary) Khonaa [kapayati], vt. 1. to lose. 2. to cause to be lost or destroyed; to waste Khot: 'Khot' means any weakness, shortcoming, defect, etc.

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Kho, m. (f, pl). 1. fraud, falsehood; unfaithfulness, insincerity. 2. wickedness, vice. *3. fault, defect; adulteration. 4. hurt, harm; loss (in trade) Khoaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. false, fraudulent; treacherous; insincere. 2. wicked, vicious, bad. *3. defective: adulterated; counterfeit. 4. m. a false person, &c Khuub [P. Khuub], adj. 1. fine, splendid; lovely, charming. 2. adv. very much, lots (of); very well; fine, splendidly. Khud, refl. Pron. self (myself, himself, itself etc.) Khudaa, m. the supreme being, God p240 Khudaaii [cf. H. khudaanaa], f. 1. digging; excavating; engraving; carving. 2. the cost of or charge for digging, &c. 3. colloq. investigating (a matter) Khudii, f. selfishness; egoism; pride Khulnaa [cf H. kholnaa], vi. 1. to be open, to come loose, to unravel; to be untied or unfastened; to be disentangled; to be scattered (as clouds). 2. to be uncovered or laid bare; to become clear (sky); to be light (a colour). 3. to be cleared (as a drain); to be removed (an obstruction); to be broadened (the mind). 4. to be laid, or split, open; to be dissected; to be analysed. 5. to be freed of restraint (as hand or tongue); to be loosed (as a hawk); to be resolved (a fear, an inhibition). 6. to be solved or explainedP241 Khush [P.khvus], adj. 1. pleased, glad; happy. 2. flourishing; well (of health); prosperous. 3. cheerful (of temperament). 4. pleasing; good Khushbuu [P. dar], f. fragrance. ~daar : fragant Kiica, m. (f, pl.) 1. gummy matter in the eyes. *2. mud, mire, ooze. Kica, m. = Kiica Kinaaraa, m. 1. side, edge, margin; end, limit. 2. shore, bank, beach. 3. a border, hem. ~ karnaa, to hold (oneself) aloof (from/se); to abstain, or to refrain (from). P 196 Kishor : adolescence Kii [S], m. an insectp199 Kiiaau, m. a microbe, germ *Kitne thore honge? how few there will be? Kitaab, f: book Koii bhii: anyone at all

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Koii nahin: no one, not any Koii na koii, pron & adj. someone or another; some, one or another Kos [kroa-], m. a measure of distance (approx. two miles) Kosnaa [kroati], vt. & m. 1. vt. to curse; to abuse. 2. m. a curse Koi [S], f. 1. top, point, end (esp. curved, as of a bow). 2. category; grade, standard. Kram [S], m. 1. a step, pace. 2. degree, stage; position in a series. 3. uninterrupted or regular progress; order, succession, sequence. 4. due method (of procedure). 5. rhet. name of an alakaara. 6. pl. power, strength KRipaa [S], f. 1. grace, favour. 2. compassion. 3. mercy; forgiveness Kruur a. 1. cruel. 2. fearful, fierce Kruurtaa f. cruelty, brutality Kar [S], adj & m. 1. adj. perishing, impermanent. 2. m. anything which must perish. Kara [S.], m. 1. a flowing, distilling, dropping. 2. erosion. 3. corr.? An alkaline product Kshetr [S], xao`~ m. 1. a region, zone, or area; locality, district; precinct. 2. land; an enclosed plot of land, a field. 3. extent, area. 4. any sphere of action or operation; a partic. Topic or area. 5. philos. the body (considered as the field of the indwelling and working of the soul). 6. geom.. a figure, diagram. Ksin, adj. diminished, reduced. 2. wasted, decayed; destroyed, lost. 3. enfeebled; thin, wasted. 4. slight, slender; subtle. 5. miserable, poor Ksipr, adj. swift Kuch: p202 Kuch bhii: whatever, any(thing) at all Kuch na kuch: , pron., adj. & adv. Sg or other; some or other(s); somewhat, a little. Kudi [S], f. 1. evil eye. 2. malicious glance. 3. lascivious glance. Kukku [S], m. a cock Kul [kula-], m. 1. a herd, troop, multitude. *2. a tribe; community, sect. 3. a family, house; lineage. 4. transf. good lineage or pedigree. P 208 Ku-riiti [S], f. misconduct, an improper practice or custom.

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Kukuaanaa, vi &vt. 1. vi. To rumble (as the bowels). 2. to grumble, to murmur (in irritation or anger). 3. to cakle, to cluck (as a hen). 4. HSS vt. to scare birds by shouting. Kual [S], adj. & f. m. 1. adj. skilful, deft, expert. 2. healthy. 3. happy; prosperous. 4. f. m. health, well-being. 5. good fortune; safety, happiness, prosperity Ku-sang [S.], m. Brbh. Av. bad company Kuumb [S], m. 1. family; family line. 2. relatives .LLL. Laad [cf. H. laadnaa], f. 1. load, burden. 2. reg. the stomach; innards. Lag [lagna-], ppn. 1. up to, as far as; until. 2. near; along with. 3. while, during, as long as Lagaam: reins (for the horse) Lagan [cf H. lagnaa], f. 1. attachment, affection, 2. desire, longing. 3.intentness; a craze (for/ki) 4. being attached: contact / perseverance, devotion (to a purpose), assiduity. Lagaanaa [cf. H. lagnaa], vt. 1. to attach; to join, to connect (to/se); to add on (as an appendix to a book). 2. to fix (in place); to put, to set (in or on, mein or par); to fasten (to); to installp880 Lagaataar [H. lagnaa + H. taar], adv. In uninterrupted succession: continuously, constantly. Lagaav [cf H. lagaanaa],m. 1.attachement, connection; contact 2.fellow-feeling; affection. Lagbhag: about, nearly, approximately, almost, roughly lage rahana: to be busy (in something) Lagnaa [cf. lagyati], vi. 1. to be attached or applied (to/se or me); to be joined (to); to be fastened (to); to be added (to: an appendix etc) 2. to be or become fixed (in or on); to take root. 3. to be found, to occur (as in a partic. Habitat). 4. to be applied (to:as paint). 5. to be outlaid or expended (money, time, effort). 6. to be staked, wagered (on/par); to be invested. 7 to be imposed (as a tax). 8. to be accounted for, disposed of. 9. to be put (in or into, mein); to be inserted; to be planted (tree). 10. to be put in order, set out (as wares). 11. to be occupied, engaged (in/mein); to occupy oneself (in). 12. to be intent or set (on). 13. to be engaged, involved (as the heart). 14 (w. obl. Inf.) to begin. 15. to be or to come close (to); to adjoin; to touch; to wear, to rub (as clothing against the skin); to put down anchor (a ship); to arrive (at a wharf). 16. to stick, to adhere. 17. to catch (on to; mein, as fire). 18. to catch (in, mein); to falter (the tongue). 19. to attach oneself (to/ke

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piice: a to a patron or a leader). 20. to close (door, eyelids). 21. to contract (stomach, in hunger). 22. to hit or to strike (against/ko, ke, mein); to chafe, to rub. 23. to be felt (physical sensation). 24. idem (emotions). 25. to seem (to/ko). 26. to be felt (a want, a lack: by/ko). 27. to come to light (trace, clue). 28. to have an effect (upon one); to strike home, to tell (remark). 29. to affect, to attack (disease, or blight on crops). 30. to be adversely affected, spoiled; to be unwholesome (food, water); to be tainted; to rot (fruit); to be burned (a dish). 31. to be successful, to come off well. 32. to come into fashion, or use41. to pertain (to/ko); to concern. P 879 Baba often uses lag panaa, but I am not sure what nuance it gives to the sentence. It literally means they start to become ..... Laaguu, adj. & m. 1. adj. in force, applying (as a regulation); chargeable (as tax). 2. valid (a document, a currency). 3. applying (as a remark: to/par). 4. following, pursuing (as an animal its prey). 5. intent (on), desirous (of/kaa). 6. m. a supporter, partisan (of a person or cause). 7. one who is intent on or in love (with, kaa/kii); a pursuer. ~ karnaa, to give effect to, to bring into force. Lahr [lahari-], f. 1. a wave; surge. 2. loose fold (as of hanging). 3. waving line (as in a pattern). 4. access of emotion; excitement; delight, rapture; frenzy. 5. seizure, attack (of illness or pain); fit, convulsion. 6. breath (of soft wind); wafted fragrance. 7. fig. prosperity, heyday ~ marnaa, to be rough (the sea); to crawl (a snake) p889 Lajaanaa [lajjaapayati], vi & vt. 1. vi. To be ashamed (of/se). 2. to feel a sense of modesty or constraint; to be shy; to blush. 3. vt. to make ashamed; to shame (one) Lajjaa [S], f. 1. shame; sense of decency or modesty. 2. bashfulness, shyness. 3. sense of honour. ~ aanaa (ko), to feel shame, &c. ~ karnaa, to be mindful of the honour (of/kii). ~ lagnaa, to be moved by a sense of shame, or modesty. Lakiir, f. 1. a line; a groove; rut. 2. a streak; stripe. 3. line (of writing, print). 4. fig. line of movement, track. ~ khiincnaa (par), to draw a line; to mark a boundary; to cross out. ~ piinaa, to follow in the track (of ancestors, or conventions) p878 Lak [S], m. 1. one hundred thousand. 2. a mark, object of aim Laka [S], m. 1. a sign, indication: mark or spot (on the body). *2 a characteristic; distinguishing feature. 3. a symptom. Laky [S], adj & m. 1. adj. observable. 2. noteworthy. 3. m. aim, object of aim; target. 4. goal, purpose; plan. 5. indirect or secondary meaning (of a word). ~ karnaa (ko), to aim (at); to allude (to). ~ lagaanaa (par), to aim (at) Lalcaanaa [cf. H. laalac], vt. & vi. 1. vt. To awaken desire in; to tantalise. 2. vi. Brbh. To feel desire or longing (for) (= lalcanaa) Lalcanaa, vi. To feel desire; to covet; to lust for.

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Laam -1, f. mil. 1. a line; line of battle; front. 2. a brigade, army Laam -2 [A], m. the name of the letter l in the Arabic script Laanaa [laati], vt. Used without ne in perf. Forms. 1. to bring, to fetch. 2. to bring forward or in; to bring about; to introduce (an innovation, &c); to bring (a case: against/par). 3. to produce. Phuul ~, to bear fruit (a tree). 4. to purchase (and bring away) Laa, f. 1. affection. 2. caressing, caress; endearment. 3. playfulness (of a child). Laalaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. dear, darling. 2. brought up affectionately. 3. pampered (a child). 4. m. darling. 5. one brought up affectionately, &c. Laaaii jhagre: fights and quarrels Lanaa, vi & vt. 1. to fight (with/se); to quarrel; to struggle (with). 2. to strike (against/se); to collide (with: a vehicle). 3. to rub, or to wear (against). 4. to tally, to correspond (as an account). 5. to be set in contention, or at risk. 6. to be set or measured (against/se) Lakar, m. 1. army. 2. military camp, encampment. 3. crew (of a ship) Laat, f. a kick. ~ khaanaa, to be kicked; fig. to be spurned. ~ calaana (par)/marnaa (par, men, or ko), to kick, to spurn. Laaknaa, vi. 1. to hang, to be hanging; to dangle; to swing. 2. to lean (out of the vertical). 3. fig. to be kept waiting or in suspense. 4. to be or to be kept pending (a matter). 5. to delay, to linger. Lakaanaa, vt. 1. to cause to hang, to suspend, to hang (an object); to swing. 2. to hang (sg) from, to attach (to/par, or par se: as lock to a door). 3. to hang (a person). 4. fig. to keep (a person) in suspense. 5. to keep pending, to defer (a matter) Lataa [cf. H. lataanaa], f. 1. spurning, rejecting with contempt. 2. reviling, insulting. 3. fig. burdensome pressure (as of work). 4. colloq. A kick. Lataanaa, vt. 1. to spurn, to treat with contempt. 2. to revile, to insult. Laathii (f): truncheon (big stick) (gyan ki laathii) Lattuu [cf. H. lattaa], adj. reg. kicking; vicious (a horse) Laukaa, m. the bottle-gourd (= laukii) Laayaq, adj. 1. fit, suitable (for/ke). 2. capable, able (a person). 3. deserving, worthy. Parhne ~, adj. worth reading

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Lekhaa [lekhya-], m. 1. an account (financial). 2. reckoning, calculation. 3. estimation, assessment. Lekhaa-jokhaa, an account; a reckoning; report, account, assessment Lenaa, vt. 1. to take; to receive; to accept. 2. to grasp, to hold. 3. to obtain; to buy; to rent, or to lease; to borrow. 4. to receive (arriving guests). 5. to require, to demand (time, effort, money). 6. to obtain, to get done (as work: by/se). 7. to invoke (a name). 8. esp. w. lenaa. To take possession of; to capture; to conquer. 9. to win (a game). 10. to adopt, to take on (a manner: towards/se); to rebuke. 11. to take (food or drink; esp. medicinally). 12. to engage (an employee). 13. to assume (a burden, a status). 14. to cut, to trim (hair, nails). 15. to make fun of. 16. to give or to supervise (an examination) Lep, m. 1. smearing. 2. an ointment; a medicinal plaster; embrocation. 3. plaster. 4. whitewash. Le jaanaa, to take and go: to take away (a person or thing); to export. Lenaa [leyati], vi. 1. to lie down; to fall (at the feet of). 2. to rest. 3. to sink, to subside; to be beaten down (crops) Liilaa [S.], f. 1. play, sport. *2. the acts of a deity as performed at pleasure (Ram and Krishna); the ways of God in the world. 3. a wonder, an exploit. 4. a dramatic representation, esp. the acts of a deity. 5. reth. Symbolic gestures or actions on the part of a heroine. Lipanaa, vi. 1. to stick (to.mein or se). 2. to cling (to/se). 3. to wrap or to wind (around/mein). 4. fig. to stick (at/ke piche: as at a task). 5. to join (in bodily contact); to wrestle (with/se). 6. to unite (with/se). 7. to be enfolded (by/se); to be embraced (by). 8. to be rolled into a ball; to be entangled, matted, or unravelled. 9. to be involved, engrossed (in/mein). 10. to be implicated (in/mein). 11. to be smeared (= lipnaa) Lipt [S], adj. 1. smeared, spread over; plastered. 2. stained, sullied (by/se). 3. attached (to/se: as to the world of apparent reality); engrossed (in). Lok [S], m. 1. the world; the universe. 2. a world, cosmological region (supra- or subterranean). 3. people, folk; the ordinary people, public; society. 4. mankindloklaaj, f. the honour or credit of a people; regard for public opinion. Loksatta, f. a democracy p901lokik, materialistic Loh [S.], m. 1. iron; steel. 2. fig. Brbh. A weapon. Lohkaar, m. a blacksmith Lohaa [loha-], m. 1. iron; steel. 2. fig. a weapon, blade; arms. 3. an iron (for clothes = istarii). ~ karnaa to iron. ~ bajanaa, weapons to clash, a fight to be joined. ~ maanaa, to aknowledge the calibre (of/kaa); to aknowledge the strength or superiority (of). ~ lenaa (kaa), to size up (an adversary); to measure up (to), to be equal (of)

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Lorii [*loa-, lola-], f. a lullaby Lupt [S], adj. vanished; missing (a word from a text); lost. 2. obsolete (a usage) .MMM. Macch, m. 1. a fish. 2. name of the first avatar of Vishnu Matsyavataar: according to the scriptures, incarnation of Vishnu as a fish; maclii: fish Macaanaa [cf. H. macnaa], vt. To cause, to produce; to stir up (as noise, strife) Maaddaa, m. matter, material: 1. capacity, ability. 2. source, root. 3. pus Madad.f.: help Madhy [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. middle; central. 2. intervening. 3. middling (of quality, position). 4. m. middle, midst; centre. 5. interval. 6. waist. 7. the inside of anything. 8. ppn. w. [ke] in the middle, &c (of); between. Madadgaar. M.: helper

enkj fuHkZj: to depend on

It is a word Baba uses when He wants to say depends on/ based on. Maadhav [S], m. 1. descendant of Madhu: a title of Krishna. Brbh. The month Baisaakh; spring. Maadhur [S], m. HSS. Jasmine Maadhuri [S], f. 1. a type of jasmine, jasminum zambac. 2. sweetness. 3. charm. 4. wine Maadhury [S], f. 1. sweetness. 2. charm. Madhur [S], adj. 1. sweet. 2. attractive, charming. 3. melodious. 4. soft, gentle (as gait, manner). Madhur-sara, adj. moving gently, softly. Magar: crocodile Mahal-mariyaan ataariyaan: Baba uses this expression for big buildings, palaces etc. Mahaan [S], adj. great, &c Mahant m. 1. head of a religious order 2. head priest of a temple 3. a monk

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Mahattv [S], m. 1. greatness. 2. high position or status, authority. *3. importance; significance Mahimaa [S.], f. 1. greatness. *2. grandeur, glory. 3. might, power. 4. high rank Mahsuus, adj. 1. perceived, felt; experienced. 2. perceptible. 3. understood, appreciated. ~ karnaa, to feel, to suffer from; to be sensible of; to realise. ~ honaa, to be perceived etc. (by/ko); to seem (to) Maidaan, m. 1. flat, open field, open area; large lawn; race-ground; playing-field. 2. plain. 3. transf. & fig. field of battle; field of conflict, or activity. 4. a parade Mail: dirt Majbuur, adj. 1. compelled. 2. helpness, having no option. 3. oppressed. Makaan, m. a place, station: 1. a house; dwelling. 2. a flat, apartment Makkhii, [makikaa-], f. 1. a fly. 2. a bee. 3. foresight (of a rifle). P781 Maal, m. 1. wealth. *2. property, possessions, goods, things; luggage. 3. merchandise, goods; produce. 4. material(s) (of or for manufacture). 5. finance (esp. governmental). 6. land revenue. 7. a prize (of money). 8. math. The square of a number. 9. sg. Fine or splendid. 10. colloq. An attractive girl..etc. p809 Maal [maalaa-: Drav.], f. 1. a garland etc. 2. string (of a spinning-wheel, or of a reel etc.). 3. line, row. Maal [malla- : Drav.], m. Brbh. Av. a wrestler ; champion. Maalaa, f. 1. garland. 2. a necklace; string of beads. 3. a row, line~ japnaa, or phirnaa, to tell (ones beads to perform devotions). Malik, m. possessor: 1. master, owner; lord. 2. God. 3. husband. Maaluum panaa, to seem, to appear Mamtaa [S], f. interest or affection for people or things connected with oneself: 1. proprietary interest. 2. affection, attachment; tenderness. 3. pride, arrogance Mamatvaa [S], m. = mamtaa [S], f. interest or affection for people or things connected with oneself: 1. proprietary interest. 2. affection, attachment; tenderness. 3. pride, arrogance Mamzil [A. manzil], f. 1. a halting place. 2. inn. 3. stage (of journey, or progress). 4. destination, goal. 5. storey, floor

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Man, m. 1. the mind (as seat of perception and feelings). 2. the heart. 3. the soul. 4. wish, inclination; will; purpose. 5. character, temperament. Maan, m. 1. good opinion of self; self-respect, honour. 2. pride. 3. honour, respect (to or for other persons or things), regard; heed, obedience; acceptance (as of a view). 4. reputation, prestige; status. 5. wounded honour or pride; anger; caprice (of an offended woman), sulkiness. (other meanings p805) -maan [S], suffix (form adjectives which are properly masculines, chiefly from nouns, having the sense possessed of, e.g. diiptimaan, illuminated, brilliant; shriimaan, voc. Auspicious one, sir: feminines properly in matii). Gyan: svamaan: position of the self? Manaa, adj. inv. Forbidden; prohibited. ~ karnaa, to forbid etc.

euk djuk : to refuse ; though it means to forbid, in contexts like the one above it is used in this sense. When it is used on oneself it will mean to refuse, but when you use it on others it will mean forbid. Ckkck us ckgj [kkus ds fy, euk fd;k gSA Baba has forbidden us
to eat outside.

mlus lkeku ys tkus ds fy, euk dj fn;kA He refused to carry the

things with him. Manaanaa [cf.H. maannaa], vt. To make mindful: 1. to cause to agree, to persuade; to reason with; to prevail on. 2. to console. 3. to conciliate (an opponent, one offended); to placate; to soothe. 4. to invoke (a deity); to worship. 5. to cause to be kept, to celebrate (festival, holiday). 6. poet. to acknowledge (a fault). 7. to meditate, to reflect on Manc (m): stage, platform (rang manc: colourful stage, the world as op. to white subtle world) Maal [maala-], m. 1. disc, circle. 2. ring ; coil (as of a snake) ; band. 3. circular course, revolution; orbit (of a heavenly body). 4. halo. 5. globe, sphere, orb. 6. the vault of the sky. 7. the hrozon. 8. transf. region, district; zone. 9. amphitheatre; circular stage (esp. that on which Krishna round dance is performed). 10. company, circle; society, association, body; sect; committee. 11. a type of mystical diagram. *Mandir (p780) layak: temple worthy

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Malii, f. 1. a small circle, disc, ring or coil. 2. a circle, group, party; society; flock (of birds, animals) Magal [magala-], adj. & m. 1. adj. fortunate, prosperous. *2. auspicious. 3. m. good fortune; prosperity. 4. auspiciousness. 5. well-being. 6. glad or auspicious event (as a marriage); a festival; festivities. 7. a good omen. 8. an auspicious prayer; blessing. 9. an auspicious song (as at a wedding). 10. name of the planet Mars. 11. Tuesday. 12. (in chronograms) the number eight. Magaanaa [cf. H. magnaa ], vt. 1. to send for. 2. to ask for. 3. to order, to obtain (as books etc.); to take (as a newspaper). Maagnaa [maargati], vt. 1. to ask for, to request (from/se); to entreat; to beg (as alms). 2. to demand. 3. to borrow Maanind, ppn. w. [kii] or [ke]. like Maniiaa [S], f. thought, wisdom; intelligence. Mankaa, m. 1. a bead. 2. a rosary Manthan [S], m. 1. churning, stirring. 2. shaking, agitating (the feelings). 3. delving into, sitting through (a matter) Manuaa [manu-], m. reg. 1. a man. 2. a monkey Manytaa [S], f. 1. belief, opinion; pl. values. 2. acceptance (as of a view); authority (of an opinion); validity; recognition (of a body). 3. permission (to/kii) Maaraa, a. 1. beaten. 2. killed, slain. 3. murdered Maaraa-maarii, f. (a) hurrying (b) rush (c) killing maramari means : scuffle, affray; bustle, rush; constant or dire struggle mare [cf. H. maarnaa], ppn, often inverted. Because (of/ke); on account (of) maarg [S], m. roadp808 Maarii [cf. H. maarnaa], f. Pl. 1. a beating. 2. a blow Maarii [maarikaa-], f. 1. any deadly disease (= mahaamaarii); plague; cholera. 2. epidemic. Marnaa, vi. 1. to die. 2. to fade, to wither. 3. to cease, no longer to be felt (hunger, emotion). 4. to go out (fire)p 792.

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Maarnaa, m. 1. to beat; to hit, to strike. 2. to kill.10. to destroy.p808 Martabaa [A. martaba], m. step, degree: 1. time , occasion. 2. position, office. Ek ~, on one occasion. Maryaadaa [S], f. 1. limit, boundary. 2. bounds (of law, usage); custom; convention. 3. correct behaviour; decorum. 4. station, dignity; honour. 5. merit (cf. dharm, 6) Mazbuut, adj. 1. strong (esp. of things, but also of people). 2. fixed, firm; tight (as a tie); steady; immovable. 3. firm (of market prices). Maahuur [A. mahuur[, adj. 1. well-known; public (as information). 2. celebrated; famous. 3. notorious. Mastii, f. 1. intoxication. 2. passion; lust. 3. delight, unrestrained joy. 4. overweening pride. 5. effusion in rut (as of an elephant). 6. exudation (as from trees) Mastik [S], m. the brain. Maauuq, adj & m. 1. adj. beloved. 2. m. loved person Mat [S.], m. 1. opinion, view; feeling. 2. system of opinions; doctrine; persuasion (religious, philosophical, political). 3. fig. sect, party. 4. thought, idea; intention. 5. advice. 6. vote. Mat-mataantar, m. different opinions, variety of opinion Maathaa [mastaka-], f. 1. the forehead; the head. 2. upper part; summit. 3. prow. Maathaa khapaanaa, to rack the brain, ~ khaanaa, to plague, to harass. ~ garam honaa, to be or to become angry. ~ ikaanaa, to rest the head (on the ground: to prostrate oneself) p 804~ maarnaa, to rack the brain, to beat the brow Matlab, m. 1. object, intention; purpose; desire. 2. meaning. 3. sense, point Maatr [S.], adj. & adv. Usu. In comp. of the amount of: 1. adj. mere. 2. sole. 3. adv. Merely, only; just; solely

tks Hkh euq"; ek= gSa] oks lc eu pykus okys gSaA

All the human beings use their mind. (Those who are merely human beings, they are all the ones who use the mind) Here matr does not exactly mean merely but it is a way of saying all those who are human beings mankind; all the humans; praaNii maatr = all the living beings Mauj, f. 1. a wave. 2. surge (of emotion); ecstasy; delight. 3. whim. ~ aanaa (ko), an idea or whim to come into the mind; to be moved, or thrilled. ~ karnaa, to surge (the sea); to be capricious; to enjoy oneself without restraint. ~ maarnaa, id., 2., 3. ~ men aanaa, to become excited, or ecstatic. Man kii ~. F. a whim, an impulse.

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Maujuud, adj. 1. present; at hand, ready; available. 2. existent. ~ karnaa, to bring before, to produce; to provide, to supply. ~ rahnaa, to be present; to remain in attendance; to continue; to exist Maujuu, adj. 1. present; at hand, ready; available. 2. existent Mausam, m. 1. time, season (of the year). 2. the weather. 3. appropriate time, season (for sg). Mausii: aunt (mothers sister) Maut, f.1. death. 2. mortality. -may [S], suffix (forms adjectives having the sense consisting of. Eg. madhumay, sweet, honied) Mazaa, m. 1. taste, relish. 2. pleasure, enjoyment; contentment. 3. amusement, fun; joke. ~ aanaa (ko), relish, or pleasure, &c. to be felt (by: at or in/men) p783 Mazbuut: strong, not easily broken, solid Mazbuut: strong, firm Mehmaan, m. 1. a guest. 2. a son-in-law Mehnat, f. 1. labour, work; toil. 2. industry, application. ~ karnaa, to work hard (for or after/ke piiche) Mehtar, m euph. A sweeper Mel [cf. H. melnaa: or mela-], m. 1. meeting; assembly. 2. mixture, mixing. 3. connection; association (with/se), combination. 4. concord, harmony. 5. reconciliation. 6. consistency, balance, proportion (between parts); similarity. 7. counterpart; kind, sort. 8. balance (as of an account); tally. 9. band, company; union, alliance. Milaa-julaa a. 1. mixed 2. combined Milk [A], f. possession: 1. landed property. 2. reg. (W) a kind of rent free tenure. Milkiyat [P], f. 1. property, possession (esp. real estate). 2. possession, ownership Milaan [cf. H. milnaa], m. 1. bringing together; joining; mixing. 2. comparing, comparison (of); check, verification (as of figures). 3. adjustment (as of differences); reconciliation. 4. [cf. *mell-] Brbh, settlement or camp (for the night). ~ milaanaa (kaa), to adjust accounts (as of land under cultivation). Milnaa [milati], vi. 1. to be mixed or mingled; to mix etc. 2. to be joined or united (persons or things); to join, to adjoin; to meet (as road, boundaries). 3. to be or to become

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connected (with/se); to be adjacent. 4. to be found; to be obtained, available (as an object or a commodity; or as time, or an opportunity; or as any quality, eg. strength, or rest, or peace (by/ko). 5. to be received; to accrue (to/ko). 6. to be found (as an object or goal after search or striving). 7. to be given (as a prize, a punishment). 8. to meet (with a person, se: where intent is implied); to visit. 9. to be encountered (by/ko); to meet, to encounter (by chance). 10. to associate (with/se). 11. to assemble. 12. to be similar (to/se); to coincide; to correspond; to resemble (in respect of/se). 13. to be in harmony (as views, moods); to be in tune (musical instruments). 14. to be reconciled. Miaanaa [cf. minaa], vt. 1. to erase; to obliterate; to cancel (as a decree). 2. to destroy. 3. to eliminate (as an abuse); to mitigate. 4. to allay (as pangs of hunger, or of distress). 5. fig. to be infatuated (with/par). 6. to expire; to be reduced to extinction (a species) Mittii, f. 1. earth, soil; clay. 2. dust. 3. fig. the body. 5. dirt, filth. Mohini*: enchantment Mridul aatmaa: soft, gentle, tender soul Mt [S], adj. dead Mubaarak, adj & interj. 1. adj. blessed. 2. fortunate. 3. interj. Blessings! Congratulations! / auspicious, holy, blessing, interj. Welcome Muhabbat, f. 1. love, affection. 2. warm friendship Muhallaa, m. suburb; quarter (of a town); ward Muhtaaj, adj. & m. 1. adj. in want, needy. 2. m. a pauper. 3. a beggar. 4. a handicapped person; a cripple Mukhiyaa [ad. Mukhya-], adj & m. usu. inv. 1. adj. chief. 2. m. chief, leader, head. 3. village headman. Mukti [S], f. .1. release, deliverance. 2. freedom, emancipation. 3. release of the soul from the body and from further rebirth; salvation. Muktidaataa, adj. & m. inv. Giving freedom, or salvation; deliverer; saviour Muni m. ascetic, sage, hermit Muul [muula-: ? Drav.] m. & adj. 1. m. root. 2. source, origin; cause. 3. basis, foundation. 4. fin. Capital, principal. 5. original (text or language). 6. math. root. 7. a lunar asterism (considered unlucky): the stars in the tail of scorpio. 8. adj. radical, basic, fundamental; essential (as cause, substance, development, contribution); real. 9. ancient, of long standing (as a home, a people). 10. principal, chief, main; primary (as a source); dominant

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Muulyaa [S], m. price, &c. muulyavaan, adj. valuable; precious. Muqaablaa, m & ppn. 1. confrontation, challenge. 2. opposition, resistance (as of enemy forces). 3. competition, rivalry. 4. comparison; contrast. 5. ppn. w. ke. In comparison (with/me) Muqarrar [A], adj. 1. adj. settled, fixed, determined; assigned (as a share); imposed. 2. appointed (to a post) Murdaa I. a. dead, lifeless II. M. dead body, corpse Muriid, f. U. a follower, disciple. Murjhaanaa, vi. 1. to wither; to fade. 2. to become dispirited; to pine. 3. to feel faint; to swoon. Murnaa (intr.): to turn Muurt [S], adj. having material form: tangible, perceptible; incarnate. Muurti [S], f. 1. any body having material form; figure; form. *2. idol; statue; image. 3. embodiment, manifestation ; personification. Musafir [A.musaafir]. m. 1. a traveller. 2. a passenger Musiibat [Amusiba : P. musiibat], f. 1. a misfortune ; a disaster. 2. trouble, adversity Muskaraahat [cf H. muskaraanaa], f. a smile; a grin; a smirk Muut paliti: dirty clothes Muut, m. urine Muhii [mui-], f. 1. the fist. 2. clutch, grasp. 3. a handful. 4. fetlock (of a horse). 5. a hands width. 6. a babys teething-stick~ bhar, adv. a handful. ~ men, adv. in the fist or hand (of/kii); in the clutches or power (of)p 821 .NNN. Nagar [S], m. a city, a town; municipality Nagn [S], adj. naked Nahin to: otherwise Nahr [A], f. stream, flow. *2 a canal; an irrigation channel

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Naalaa [naadii-, naala-], m. 1. a watercourse (natural). 2. water-channel (manmade). 3. drain; gutter. Nain [ad. nayana-], m. the eye ( = nayan) Nainaa [nayana-], m. reg. the eye. Naam-nishaan, m. sign, trace, vestige Namrtaa [S], f. 1. bent or bowed state : 1. mildness. 2. humility. 3. submissiveness; obeisance. ~ karnaa, to practice humility (towards/se); to be mild, or meek. Namuunaa : sample Nakkaa [cf. H. naak], adj & m. pl. 1. adj. Nasal. 2. m. one who speak through the nose. 3. a single item: the ace (at card or dice). 4. HSS. The eyr of a needle. Nakkaa-muuh, m. a game played with cowrie shell, &c, odds or evens. Naman [S], m & adj. 1. m. bowing down. 2. salutation, greeting. 3. adj. bowed, bending; stooping Naqlii [A], adj. 1. imitated ; artificial ; synthetic. 2. copied fraudulently; counterfeit; forget. 3. spurious. Naqaa [A. naqa], m. 1. a picture ; portrait. 2. map. 3. plan ; sketch, draft ; diagram ; model, pattern. 4. features (facial). 5. fig. state of affairs, situation; prospects; predicament. 6. a problem (in chess). 7. an image (in the minds eye) Naaraa, m. 1. a shout, cry. 2. slogan. Naarad [S], m. mythol. 1. name of a sage (one of the four sons of Brahmaa, and inventor pf the viiaa; a frien and devotee of Krishna). 2. transf. a tale-bearer, causer of quarrels. 3. an argumentative person. Naa [s.], m. 1. destruction; ruin, devastation; loss. 2. annihilation. Naa karnaa : to destroy, to spoil Naaa [P. naa], m. intoxication; stupor. 2. intoxicant, alcohol. 3. a narcotic. 4. fig. pride; conceit; self-delusion Nasdik: near Nasl, f. 1. offspring, descendant; family. *breed, stock; race

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Naastik, adj. & m. 1. adj. saying naasti: it is not: atheistic. 2. m. an atheist; an unbeliever. Naatak: play Naukar, m. 1. a servant, attendant, retainer. 2. one serving in a post; a government or public servant. naukar-caakar, m. pl. servants Navaabii, adj & f. 1. adj. having to do with a navaab, or with the later Mughal period. 2. f. position or status of navaab. 3. the later Mughal period. 4. anarchy, misrule. 5. princely luxury Nayan [S], m. the eye Nazaaraa, m. 1. look, glance. 2. sight, view; scene. Ni- [S], pref. 1. down, back, into Nibhaanaa, vt. = nibaahnaa: 1. to carry on or through (as a task, a relationship); to complete, &c; to fulfil. 2. to support, to maintain. Aur nibaah-, Av. to carry (sg.) through (to its end) Nico [cf. H. niconaa], m. 1. liquid pressed or wrung out; juice, extract. 2. transf. essence; gist. Niconaa, vt. 1. to to press or to wring out (liquid); to strain. 2. fig, to extort; to milk, to bleed. Ni-svrth [S], adj. selfless, disinterested. Nikalnaa, vi. 1. to be taken out (of/se); to be pulled out. 2. to be extracted (as minerals); to be pressed out (juice); to be distilled. 3. to be removed, taken off. 4. to come out, to emerge; to pour out, to leak out; to flow; to shoot (sprouts); to be shot forth. 5. to turn out, to result (a matter); to prove to be; to be debited or credited as a balance. 6. to go out; to go on its way (a procession); to go away. 7. to be lost (the character or quality of sg); to disappear. 8. to pass by (as time, life); to be wasted. 9. to go ahead, to advance; to go (beyond/se), to exceed, to excel. 10. to project; to be prominent (also fig.)21. to run out (a stock of goods). P557! Ni-mantra [S], m. 1. call, summons. *2 invitation. ~ karnaa, to invite (a person/kaa). ~ denaa (ko), to summon, or to invite (a person: to/ka) Niid [nidraa-], f. sleep. Nimitt [S.] m& ppn. 1. m. cause; motive, reason. 2. sign, omen. 3. share, allotment; fortune. 4. ppn (w. ke) for the sake (of); for the purpose (of). /AD m. cause, reason. 2.

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object, purpose, motive, goal, aim. 3. (bahaanaa) excuse, pretext, pretension. Adv. (ke nimit) for, on account, because of, with a view to, for the sake of. Nimit kaaran m. instrumental or material cause. Gyan: instrument. Nir-aa-kaar [S], adj & m. 1. adj. formless; without form (as the ultimate being). 2. malformed. 3. m. the ultimate being. Niraakaarii Niraalaa, adj. 1. adj. separate, apart; lonely (a place); solitary (a person). 2. distinct; strange, unusual; peculiar, odd. 3. rare; extraordinaire; unique. 4. m. a lonely place. 5. a private place. Nir-ajan [S], adj. & m. without collyrium: 1. untainted, pure. 2. a title of the god iva. 3. a title of the ultimate being. Nir-antar [S], adj. without gaps or intervals (esp. of time): 1. continuous; uninterrupted. 2. eternal. 3. similar, identical. 4. contiguous. Nirbhay - fearless / nir=without, not; bhay= fear Nirgun. a. devoid of or beyond all qualities or propensities, without attributes (sat) goodness and purity, (raj) materialism, (tam) darkness and ignorance. Nir-lep [S], adj. not smeared (with) or tainted (by) Nir-lipt [S], adj. 1. unsmeared, unanointed. 2. uncontaminated. *3. detached (from the world) Nirog, adj. & m. 1. adj. not ill, in good health (= niirog). 2. m. good health Nirogi, adj. & m. 1. adj. = nirog. 2. m. a healthy person Nir-mal, adj. clear (as sky, water); pure / AD a. 1. free from dirt or impurities, stainless, spotless. 2. clean, limpid. 3. pure. 4. unblemished. Nirmal aakaash m. clear sky Nir-mam [S], adj. selfless: 1. disinterested, indifferent. *2. without tenderness; cruel. Nirmaan: not found in dictionary. Gyan: humble?? Nir-maa [S], m. 1. building, construction; building works. 2. manufacture. 3. creation, development, nurture (as of views, attitudes). 4. a structure, building; measuring. Nir-moh [S], adj. 1. free from illusion. *2. not moved by affection or love; cold, harsh.

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Nir-vaah [S], m. 1. carrying on or through; accomplishing, fulfilling. 2. continued existence; subsistence. 3. conclusion Nir-vair [S], adj. peaceable Nir-vaan, adj. & m. blown out: 1. adj. dead. 2. m. death, extinction; eternal bliss (in reunion with the ultimate being); annihilation (of the personality, at death) Nirvighna, adj. m. 1. adj. unobstructed; untroubled, secure. 2. m. lack of obstruction, smooth course. Gyan: free from obstacles. Nir-vi-kalp, adj. not allowing for distinction or difference, changeless (as the ultimate being) / (AD) without an alternative or option. 2. recognising not such distinction as that of subject and object. 3. changeless (as the ultimate being). 4. unborn, innate. 5. doubtless, unquestionable, without misgiving. 6. absolute, transcendental. Gyan: free from sinful thoughts. Ni-vtt [S], adj. turned back: 1. free (from/se). 2. detached (from); abstaining (from). 3. discontinued; refrained, or abstained (from); retired. 4. [= nivta-] checked, stopped, hindered. 5. [ = nirvrtta-] finished, completed. Niaan, m. 1. sign, signal; marker. 2. flag, standard; colours. 3. mark; impression. 4. scar. 5. trace; trail; clue. 6. vestige; monument. 7. address. 8. mark, target. Niaanaa [P. niaana], m. 1. mark, sign; impression. 2. a target, mark; bulls-eye. 3. aim (as of a shot). 4. butt (of jokes). Niaanii, f. 1. a distinctive mark; sign, evidence. 2. a token, souvenir. 3. a memorial (pillar etc.). 4. a secret sign. Nisaar, m. 1. offering, sacrifice. 2. devotion. ~ karnaa, to offer etc.; to devote oneself (to/par) Ni-cal [S], 1. motionless; immovable, fixed. 2. unwavering, unfluctuating. 3. absolute (a majority) Ni-cay [S], m. m & adv. 1. m. ascertainment; verification, proof. 2. determination, decision; firm opinion. 3. assurance, certainty. *4. decision, resolve. 5. adv. certainly, definitely. Ni-cint [S], adj. 1. free from care, or anxiety. 2. at peace, at leisure. 3. thoughtless, inconsiderate; unconcerned (about,se) Ni-cit [S], adj. 1. ascertained; not subject to doubt. 2. determined, fixed, settled; definite, decided.

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Nissankoc- without hesitation/ nis=nir; sankoc contraction, shyness, bashfulness, hesitation -ni-sth. adj. formant, characterised by (e.g. sanskritnisth, sanskritised (vocabulary)). Ni-haa [S], f. firm position: 1. certain knowledge: faith, belief. 2. reverence; devotion (to/ke prati, kii or). ni-haa-apth, f. oath of allegiance. ni-haa-vaan, adj. believing, faithful; reverent, devout; fulfilling all religious duties. Niiti [S], f. manner of conductiong oneself. 2. right, or moral conduct; morality. 3. ethics. 4. prudent counsel, policy; polity (of a state). 5. political wisdom; statesmanship. Ni-vaas [S.], m. 1. residing; residence. 2. dwelling-place, residence. Ni-vaas karna: to dwell Nivaaz a. showing kindness or favour, cherishing. Bandaanivaaz: cherisher of servants Ni-vtt [S], adj. turned back: 1. free (from/se). 2. detached (from); abstaining (from). 3. discontinued; refrained, or abstained (from); retired. 4. [= nivta-] finished, completed. Ni-vtti [S], f. returning, return: 1. release (from/se); escape; release from rebirth. 2. suspension, discontinuation. 3. abstinence. 4. retirement Nuktaa, m. a (sharp) point: 1. a pointed or witty expression. 2. a nice or subtle point; point of criticism; a particular point, matter Nundha: fixed, predetermined (not in dico) Nuqsaan [A. nuqSaan], m. 1. loss. 2. harm; damage Nuqtaa, m. 1. a point; diacritical point, or dot. 2. a dot, spot. 3. a cipher, zero. 4. transf. point, location (as on a map). Niyam m. rule, precept, law Ni-yaamak [S], adj. & m. 1. sdj. Restraining; controlling; regulating. 2. restrictive. 3. determining, defining. 4. m. one who restrains or controls; coachman; steerman. Nyaaraa, adj. & m. 1. adj. separate, distinct; different. 2. unusual; rare. 3. removed, distant. 4. waste (from the refining of precious metals) Ny-aay [S], m. 1. right or fitting manner, or method. *2. justice. 3. law; entitlement, right. 4. just or proper act, or judgment. 5. adjudication, decision (in a case). 6. philos. The Nyaaya system; logic. 7. demonstration, fitting illustration (of a case) .OOO.

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Or, f. side, direction. 2. end, limit, extreme, boundary. 3. ppn (w. kii) in the direction (of), towards. .PPP. Paccii, adj. & f. 1. adj. joined, sticking; flush (with sg.). 2. fixed, firm. 3. f. (-paccii) troubling, tormenting. ~ honaa, to be joined; to be stuck together (as two surfaces); to be jammed, or wedged; to be intimate (with); to be hand in glove (with); to be lost in, invisible against (a background) pacchar maal

iPNM+eky

a person who kills and also eats animals

Pachaanaa, vt. 1. to throw flat on the back. 2. to dash down; to beat (clothes on a stone). 3. fig. to overpower; to overcome. Pachtaanaa, vt. to repent; to regret. Paad [S], m. 1. foot. 2. leg 3. a pace. 4. fig. lower or lowest part; bottom; root (of a tree); foot (of a mountain); foothill. 5. quarter; a quarter of a stanza, or of a verse; a line of verse. Paad-graha, m. touching the feet of a brahma, or a superior, in respect. p 622 Pad [S], m. 1. foot; step, pace. 2. footprint; trace; mark, sign. 3. place, abode; position; square (of chess board). 4. position, rank; status. 5. appointment, post; office. 6. gram. a word; stem. 7. pros. A quarter unit; a foot; line; couplet. 8. a verse of devotional poetry (esp. intended to be sung). 9. sg having properties of its own, an object. 9. law. topic, matter, head. P598 Padaarth [S], m. 1. meaning of a word. *2. an object. 3. a substance, material: phys. Matter. 4. a product. 5. aim, end. P598 Padma m. 1. lotus 2. a military array in the form of a lotus. 3. one thousand billion Pady [S], m. verse, poetry Paagal, adj. & m. 1. adj. insane, mad. 2. crazed; rabid (a dog). 3. foolish. 4. m. a madman. 5. a fool Pahannaa [*pinahati], vt. To put on (clothes); to wear Pahaa, m. 1. mountain, hill. 2. rock. 3. fig. anything huge or overwhelming; sg. burdensome or daunting; a very difficult problem. ~ uthnaa, a weight to be lifted (from the mind). ~honaa, to be burdensome (a task etc.)

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Pahcaan [cf. H. pahcaanaa], f. 1. recognition. 2. distinction, discrimination (of or between/kii); judgment. 3. distinguishing mark or feature(s); characteristic; sign, token (of sg); identity. 4. acquaintance (with/kii: as with a person, or with a topic) Pahcaan karna: to recognise, to identify Pahcaannaa, (pron. pehecan) vt. 1. to recognise; to identify. 2. to perceive; to understand. 3. to distinguish, to discriminate. 4. to be acquainted; to know well pahuunc, f. 1. arrival; acknowledgement (of arrival: of a letter, goods). 2. access (to/ke paas, tak). 3. reach, scope (of intelligence or knowledge); capacity; capability. 4. scope (of a work). pahuuncnaa, vi. 1. to arrive, to reach; to reach (as far as/ tak, mein, par, ko) Paida, adj.inv. & f.. 1. adj. born. 2. produced. 3. arisen; become evident. 4. acquired; earned. 5. f. earnings, income. ~ karna: to create; to produce; to occasion; to raise, to breed; to originate, to invent; to acquire. ~ hona: to be born; to be created; to be produced; to be occasioned (as a dispute); to be acquired. Paidaai, f. 1. birth; origin, rise. 3. profits, earnings. Paigaam , m. 1. message. 2. news, information. 3. proposal of marriage arrangement (by the boys family, to the girls) Pakaanaa [cf.H.paknaa]. vt. 1. to cook; to bake; to boil. 2. to ripen. 3. to fire (bricks, earthenware). 4. fig. to cause distress to (the heart). 5. colloq. To arrange, to sttle in full (a transaction ). 6. to get or to learn (sg) by heart. Paka pakaR pkD, [cf. H. pakanaa], f. 1. seizing; hold, clutch. 2. seizure, capture. 3. bout (as wrestling); set-to. 4. colloq. gain, profit; haul. 5. fig. alertness, intelligence; grasp (of a subject). 6. occasion for criticism (in a work) Pakanaa, pakaRnaa pkD,naa vt. 1. to seize, to catch; to check. 2. to capture; to arrest. 3. to come up to; to overtake. 4. to catch (a train). 5. to detect (as a sound, or a fault); to discover; to object to (faults); to carp at. 6. to acquire, to take on (a habit, or an attribute). 7. to grasp mentally. 8. to catch (fire). 9. to afflict (one/ko: a disease) Pakhaarnaa, vt. To wash; to rinse clean. Pakkaa [pakva-], adj. 1. cooked; boiled; baked; cooked in ghii. 2. transf. ripe, mature; experienced, knowing; astute. 3. processed; baked, fired (bricks, earthenware); refined (as sugar, oil); boiled (water); of high quality. 4. complete, finished, well-made; made of bricks or stone with mortar (a building); metalled, or sealed (a road). 5. grey or white (hair); dark (complexion). 6. fast, firm (a colour). 7. ripe (as a boil). Genuine, real;

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thoroughgoing, solid (work); inveterate, incorrigible; reliable (advice, or calculation); fixed, standard (amount, price, weight, quality); nett (gain, profit); classical (music). 9. undoubted, proved. 10. fixed, determined, definite; firm (as a resolve); of binding force. 11. finalised, revised (as accounts, work in preparation); audited. Pak [S], m. 1. side (of the body); flank. 2. transf. side, party; wing. 3. side (of an argument); case, thesis. 4. aspect (of a question). 5. direction, quarter. 6. wing (of a bird). 6. either of the halves (light and dark) of a lunar month. ~ karnaa, to take the side (of/kaa); to support, to favourpakpaat, m. partiality, preference; favouritism Pakii- [S] birds Pakii [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. winged. 2. transf. siding (with/kaa). 3. partial, biased. 4. m. a bird. 5. supporter, adherent Palanaa, vi. & vt. To turn over; to overturn. 2. to turn back, to return; to retreat (from/se: as from an undertaking). 3. to rebound; to ricochet (as a bullet). 4. to be changed, transformed (a situation). 5. vt. To overturn, to capsize. 6. to send back, to return (as goods); to transfer (a person). 7. to change (one thing for another); to exchange, to barter (goods). Paliit, adj. = paliid, 1. adj. polluted, impure; foul; . 2. m. a foul or base person. Palnaa, vi 1. to be reared or brought up. 2. to thrive; to grow fat, or sturdy. 3. to become tender or soft (as ripening fruit). Paltaa, m. 1. turning over. 2. turning back, return; retreat. 3. change, transformation. 4. return, retaliation Paltaa khaanaa: to be turned upside down; to suffer a reverse Paa v [paada-], m. 1. foot. 2. legp618 -pan [cf. tva], suffix (forms m. nouns from nominal stems, eg. bacpan=childhood; siidhaapan, m. simplicity, directness). Paanaa [praapayati], vt. 1. to get, to obtain; to receive; to accept. 2. to win, to gain; to earn. 3. to come upon, to find; to meet, to overtake. 4. to feel, to perceive, to experience; to enjoy; to suffer. 5. to find to be, to gauge as ; to fathom (sg, obscure). 6. (as dep. Auxil. Or with obl. Inf.) to manage (to); to result (in). 7. to equal (one/ko; at/mein) Paaav [S], adj. & m. hist. mythol. 1. adj. having to do with the Paaavas. 2. m. a descendant (esp. one of the five sons) of Paau. Paaity [S], m. learning, erudition. ~puur, adj. erudite.

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Paap [S], m. 1. sin; evil; wickedness, wrong; moral guilt. 2. transf. difficulty, suffering (seen as arising from sin)p623 paapaacaar, m. sinful conduct, etc. Par [S], pref. (chiefly par-). 1. distant, removed. 2. previous, former; ancient. 3. subsequent, future; next; latter. *4. other; different; foreign. 5. belonging to another. 6. pre-eminent, supreme p601 Par, ppn. colloq. or reg. var, [pai]. 1. on, upon; over. ~ kaa, adj. the one, the thing, on 2. (esp. of a somewhat precise orientation in space or time) at, in; near to; by; to; on. 3. for, at a cost of. Par [para-], conj. but; still Parakhnaa, vt. 1. to inspect; to assay. 2. to investigate. 3. to judge, to assess (a matter). Param-paraa, m. & adv. 1. a series, succession. *2.tradition. 3. family line Paran-tu, conj. But; however; nevertheless, yet, still Pare, adv. 1. beyond; further off, away. 2. on the other side. 3. beyond reach. 4. afterwards; in the hereafter7. apart (from). ~ karmaa: to move (one) on, or away; to keep (one) awayp610 Parean, m. 1. disordered; dishevelled (as hair). *2. troubled, distressed; worried; embarrassed; perplexed. ~ karnaa, to cause trouble (to/ko), to distress etc.; to disarrange. Pahaaii, f. 1. study. 2. teaching. 3. tuition fee Parhaaii (f): study, studies Parhnaa, vt. 1. to read; to read out (an announcement, a poem). 2. to repeat aloud (as a text being learnt); to speak. To say (a talking bird). 3. to study. 4. to utter (a prayer); to cast a spell (on/par) Parii f, fairy Paricay (m): introduction Pari-dhi [S], f. 1. circumference; circle, ring. 2. enclosing wall, fence &c. 3. halo. 4. transf. sphere (of action, responsibilities); scope (of a work). Paarijaat: one of the 5 trees said to exist in paradise parikriyaa (method, process) Parkaa [S], f. 1. inspection, investigation, examination. 2. experiment; test, trial. *3. examination (of a student). 4. trial by ordeal

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Pari-pakv [S], adj. 1. fully cooked, or prepared; fully fired (a brick). 2. fully digested. 3. quite ripe; mature (as of skill, art); highly cultivated, or educated (a person). Pari-puurn [S], adj. 1. quite full, brimful; entire, complete; replete. 2. quite satisfied, fulfilled. Pari-kaar [S], m. 1. cleansing, purification. 2. finishing; adorning, embellishing = Pari-kaaraN Pari-sthiti, f. circumstance, circumstances Paarivaarik [S], adj. having to do with family, or with a family. Parivarjan m. 1. inhibition. 2. restraint. 3. giving up. 4. avoidance Pari-vartan [S.], m. 1. change. 2. exchange (of goods, objects) ; conversion (of funds, currency). 3. transformation Parivaar, m. 1. family, dependants; relatives. 2. attendants, retinue. Parnaa, vi. 1. to fall. 2. lie; to lie idle or useless. 3. esp. w. jaanaa. To be laid, spread. 4. to fall to the lot (of/ko). 5. w. infinitives. To have to . 6. to be met with, to be found. 7. to have an abode (in/mein); to stay (in a place). 8. to halt, to camp. 9. pej. To be dependent (on/par); to sponge (on). 10. to be, to become (by unassisted process); to prove to be. 11. to occur; to take place; to come round (an event); to arise (a matter, an opportunity). 12. to fall (on/par), to befall (a calamity, a punishment); to be struck (a blow). 13. to affect (one: as a longing, a wish, a habit). 14. to intervene, to interfere (in/mein). 15. to concern (one). 16. to amount to (a sum); to stand credited or debited (to/ko or par: an amount). 17. to suit, to agree (with/ko). 18. to resemble; to be the image (of/par). 19. to be digested. 20. to follow intently (after/ke piiche): to plague (one). 21. to copulate (a male animal: with/par). pa rahnaa, to remain lying; to be idle; to be prostrate; to be helpless, destitute. paaa, adj. horizontal (plane, surface, line). paaa cakkar, m. parallel of latitude. (p595 for the examples) Parvaah, f. care, concern. ~ karnaa, to care (about/kii) p604 Parvari, f. 1. fostering, rearing (a family, &c.); nurture. 2. maintenance, support Pasarnaa [prasarati], vi. 1. to be spread out, stretched out. 2. to stretch (oneself) out. 3. to be set (on: as the heart) Pashuu: animal, beast Pat, f. good name, reputation; honour.

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Pataa [P. pata], m. 1. trace, track, clue. 2. information; particular mention. 3. address; whereabouts. ~ calna: to become known (to/ko: a matter etc.) ~ dena (ka), to give the clue, or information (to sg)p596 Paataal, m. mythol. 1. one of the seven subterranean regions; the underworld, hell. Fig. chasm; deep hole. Patan [S], m. 1. falling. 2. settling, subsiding. 3. decline. 4. falling (in battle) Patit, adj. & m. 1. adj. fallen. 2. fig. degraded; abject. 3. lapsed (from religion); sinful. 4. outcast. 5. m. a fallen person, &c. Patit paavan, adj. purifying the sinful: a title of the supreme being. Paatr [S], m. 1. vessel; dish; gobelet; bowl. 2. finally in comp. fit vessel: recipient; proper object (of esteem etc.). 3. character (in a literary work); actor (in a drama). Paatrtaa [S], f. suitability, worthiness (as for a post, an honour; eligibility. Pattaa [pattraka-], m. 1. leaf. 2. a leaf-shaped design. 3. leaf-shaped ornament worn in the ear. 4. a playing card. 5. a banknote Pattii [pattrikaa-], f. 1. leaf; leaves; hemp leaves (used to make bhaamg). 2. petal. 3. a leaf or thin plate (of metal); blade (of knife, razor). 4. share, portion; specif. share of land. Paudhe: plants Paunaa, adj & m. 1. adj. less by a quarter. 2. the multiplication table of three-quarter. ~ do: one and three quarters; paune do sau: 275. Paavan [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. purifying. 2. pure; holy. 3. m. the name of various purifying or cleansing things, esp. fire; water; cow-dung. 4. the nuts of the tree Elaeocarpus ganitrus (from which rosaries and bracelets are made). 5. fig. repentance; penance. Per, m: tree Pe: stomach Phailnaa, vi. 1. to spread, to strech out; to be spread or extended. 2. to be spread out (objects); to be scattered, dispersed. 3. to be opened wide (mouth, eyes). 4. to increase (in size)6. to be spread, to become current (rumour, practice) p689 Phal [phala-], m. 1. fruit. 2. produce; crop; yield. 3. result. 4. gain; advantage; return, rewardp678 Phalan: so-and-so (?) see falaa

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Phalaanaa, vt. to cause to bear fruit; to make fruitful. In the same dictionary look at the next word Q+ykuk = Q+yk so look in Q+yk it says such and such, any, a particular, a certain, so and so etc. Phalnaa [phalati]. Vi. 1. to bear fruit; to be in fruit (tree, shrub). 2. to have issue, heirs (a couple). 3. to thrive (as an activity). 4. to prove successful or advantageous (to/ko). 5. to break out in blisters, pimples (skin) Phaa si, f. 1. noose; halter. 2. hanging, death by hanging. 3. transf. gallows (gibet). ~ carhnaa, vi. A nose to be put on the neck (of/ko); to be hanged Pha snaa, vi. 1. to stick, to sink (in or into/me: as in mud). 2. to be struck (in: as in a crack, or a narrow place). 3. to be caught, snared; to be tricked, cheated. 4. fig. to be entangled (in difficulties); to be involved (as in a suit); to be implicated. Phaaknaa, vi. 1. to pulsate; to flutter; to quiver, to twitch (as the eyelids, or the side or arm: an omen); to throb. 2. to welter (in blood: a wounded person). 3. to be agitated, or passionate. 4. to yearn (for/ko or ke lie) Phat, m. a sudden movement, or sharp sound. Phataaphat, adv. Quickly, &c. Phanaa, vi. 1. to be torn, to be torn open; to be dispersed (as clouds). 2. to split, to crack. 3. to feel pain. 4. to feel grief, or vexation. 5. to burst (as a dam). 6. to be separated, detached. 7. to separate out: to be clarified (as butter); to turn sour (milk); to clot (blood). 8. to suffer strain: to be bloodshot (the eyes); to become hoarse, or to break (the voice) Pheknaa, vt. 1. to throw; to hurl, to cast. 2. to throw down. 3. to throw out or away; to discard. 4. to launch, to fire (an arrow, a shot). 5. to launch (at/par: a hawk at game, a horse into charge (at)). 6. to cast off, to shed (a burden: on to/par). 7. to shed, to spill, to pour out. 8. to squander. 9. to flail with (the limbs); to brandish, to wield (a staff, &c). 10. fig. to disregard, to make light of. Phel [Engl. fail], adj. 1. failed. 2. failed, out of order. 3. ineffective (measure). Phir [cf. h. phirnaa], adv.1. anew, again. (~ se) 2. thereafter afterwards; next; then. 3. furthermore; but. 4. in that case ~ aanaa: to come back, to return ~ bhi: even so, nonetheless Phirnaa, vi. 1. to turn, revolve; to move (shadow). 2. to turn in a circle; to whirl 3. to go or to move about; to walk to and fro; to wander; to travel. 4. to circulate (call, information). 5. to turn away; to turn (right or left)9. to turn over, to roll. 10. to be applied, spread on (paint)p 683

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Pichaai, f. 1. rear, hind part. 2. hind legs (eg. of a horse). 3. ropes by which hind legs of a horse are tied Piiche [cf. H. piichaa], adv. & ppn. 1. adv. Behind, at the rear.. 2. afterwards, later; then, next. 3. back 4. ago. 5. ppn. (usu. W. ke) behind, & c.; behind the back (of); after; out of concern for, for the sake of; as a consequence of p632 Pichlaa, adj & m. 1. adj. back, rear. 2. last; late, past, old; previous. 3. latest, recent Pi [S], m. 1. a lump; a ball. 2. a mouthful of food. 3. cake or ball of meal, flour or rice offered to the spirit of ancestors; oblation to ancestors offered by nearest surviving relatives. 4. lump, ingot (of metal). 5. a body; the human body. Pironaa [parivayati], vt. 1. to string (as pearls: on, men). 2. to run a thread, or string (through/men); to thread (a needle). Pokhraa [paukara-], m. pond, pool, tank. Poa [S], m. 1. nurturing, bringing up. 2. encouraging (a hope, or an attitude). 3. maintenance . ~ karnaa (ka), to bring up (a child); to encourage (a view, &c); to maintain. Pra-bandh, m. 1. connection, tie. *2. arrangement, organisation (of an activity); management (company); administration. 3. measure, step (to an end)p661 Pra-bhaav [S.], m. 1. power, might: majesty. *2. influence (upon par); effect; impression.p662 Pra-bhav [S.], m. 1. production, birth. 2. origin, source Pra-bhaavit [S], adj. influenced (by/se); impressed (by) Praaciin: ancient Prad suff (forms adj from nouns) giving Pra-daraan [S], m. showing; exhibiting. 2. a demonstration. 3. exhibition. Pra-daraanii [S], f. 1. an exhibition. 2. pl. fee (to an officiant at a ceremony) Pra-darit [S], adj. 1. shown; exhibited; pointed out, declared. 2. pl. HSS. prophesied Pradesh: m. state, region Pra-dhaan, adj. & m. 1. adj. chief, principal. 3. m. chief, leader, head. 4. minister, counsellor. 5. headman (of a village). 6. principal thing, prime object.

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Pra-dhaantaa [S], f. 1. pre-eminence, leading status. 2. leadership; guidance (of an enterprise). Pra-duuaN [S], m. damage, pollution (to or of the environment) Prajvalit a. 1. set on fire, ignited, burnt. 2. shining, resplendent, radiant, sparkling Prajvalit karnaa v. t. to ignite, to cause to burn Pra-jvalit [S], adj. 1. flaming, blazing. 2. bright, radiant. Pra-kaar [S.], m. 1. kind, sort, type. 2. way, manner, methode. 3. special feature or features (of sg). 4. gram. Mood. P652. Pra-kaa [S.], m. & adj. 1. m. brightness, light, splendour. 2. daylight, sunshine 3. transf. display, pomp. 4. appearance, disclosure 5. vision, eyesight p652 Pra-kaataa [S], f. Pl. HSS. 1. brightness. 2. visibility. 3. transf. fame Pra-khar [S.], adj. 1. very hot; biting; acrid, pungent. 2. very sharp; piercing (glance); cutting, barbed (remark); keen (intelligence). 3. very hard. 4. fig. huge, vast. Pra-khartaa [S.], f. fierceness, keenness, etc. Pra-khyaat [S], adj. 1. celebrated (= vikhyaat). 2. pej. notorious. Pra-kriti [S.], f. 1. original form or state. 2. nature, character; temperament. 3. nature, the natural world. 4. philos. A force or principle evolving the material world. Pra-kriyaa [S], f. 1. manner, method; technique. *2. process; processing (of/kii). 3. procedure. 4. rite, observance. Pra-kRist, p`kRYT adj. pre-eminent; chief, best. ???? (I dont know this word; I donot have it in a dict. I know: prakaashit (brought into light); there is the word: prakaSHT which Baba uses, but I am not sure about its meaning in English This is ptobably the second one, I look in the dico what Baba says. Pra-lay, m. hind. 1. dissolution of the world at the end of a kalpa. 2. disaster, catastrophe Praaley, adj. poet. Mythol. Having to do with the dissolution of the world (as flood) Prni-, having to do with living creatures; zoo-; bioPrapac. M. 1. illusory creation, this world 2. the network of worldly or mundane affairs, earthly mirage. 3. trickery. 4. delusion. 5. fabrication. 6. artifice. 7. manipulation Prpt, adj. 1. obtained; acquired; incurred. 2. come upon, found; arrived at (as a situation). 3. befallen (as a misfortune); endured.

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Prpti [S.], f. 1. obtaining, acquisition; attainment (to a goal, a level); fulfilment (of a request). 2. gain, advantage; income. 3. receipt (of a letter etc.) reception (of guests). 4. transf. perception. Prrabdh, adj. & m. 1. adj. begun. 2. caused by fate. 3. m. deeds performed in an earlier birth. *4. fate, destiny. Prrabdhi, f. 1. beginning. 2. destiny Prrabdhii, adj. of good destiny, fortunate Pra-sann [S.], adj. 1. clear, bright; pure. *2. pleased (with/se); delighted. 3. contented; cheerful; flourishing, well. 4. propitiated (as a deity); gracious, well-disposed (to/par) Prasanncitt, *2. pleased (with/se); delighted. 3. contented; cheerful; flourishing, well. Prasanntaa [S], f. 1. pleasure, &c. 2. contentment. 3. favour Pra-asaa [S], f. 1. praise; commendation; eulogy. 2. fame, glory. ~ karnaa (kii), to praise, &c. Pra-sag [S], m. 1. attachment; connection. 2. subject, topic; section of a book (on a partic. Topic); context. 3. occasion, motivationg cause; opportunity. 4. Pl. sexual intercourse. Pra-sagpraapt, adj. relevant (to a matter). P666 Pra-siddh [S], adj. 1. well-known. 2. celebrated, famous. 3. pej. notorious. Pra-taap [S], m. 1. ardour; vigour, energy; valour. 2. brilliance; majesty, glory; prowess; possession of rank and power. 3. transf. magnanimity; generosity Praatah, m. early morning, dawn Prathaa [S], f. sg. which has spread, or arisen: 1. custom; institution (social, procedural). 2. particular system (as of government). Prathaagat, adj. customary; institutionalised. Prati [S], f. & pref. & ppn. 1. f. copy (of a book, &c). 2. copy (of an original). 3. section, group (of a larger whole). 4. pref. again, back again, re-. 5. towards, against, anti-, counter- (eg. pratikuul, adj. contrary, adverse); pertaining (to). 6. each, every; per (pratidin, adv. daily). 7. similar to (eg. pratilipi, f. a copy). 8. for, in exchange, by proxy. 9. ppn. w. ke. Against. 10. towards, in regard to (of feelings, opinions) Prati-din, adv. 1. every day. 2. always, continually. ~ kaa, adj. daily, everyday. Pratigya*: vow Prati-yog [S], m. 1. opposition, hostility. 2. controversy. 3. association, cooperation..

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Prati-yogitaa [S], f. 1. competition, rivalry. 2. a contest, competition. 3. hostility. ~ karnaa, to compete (with/se); to be a rival (of). Praty-aks [S.], adj & m. 1. adj. visible, perceptible; clear, evident; vivid; real, actual. 2. express, explicit. 3. direct, immediate; personal (acquaintance)4. m. visible reality; actuality. ~karnaa: to make evident. to reveal Pra-vtti [S], f. 1. tendency. 2. inclination, disposition; taste (for/kii, kii or). 3. application, use; currency (of a practice). 4. hind. active life (as opposed to a life of contemplation). 5. conduct, behaviour (esp. as characterising a group). 6. applicability (of a rule). Prya [S], adv. 1. for the most part, generally; often. 2. approximately; nearly, almost. Prayalop: hidden, hasnt completely disappeared Pra-yaas [S], m. 1. attempt, endeavour; eager pursuit (of an aim, &c). 2. effort, exertion. ~ karnaa, to make an effort, &c (to/kaa) Prraa [S], f. 1. urging; impetus. 2. incitement. 3. stimulus, encouragement. Prrit [S], adj. 1. urged, impelled; moved, motivated (to an action). 2. incited. 3. stimulated, encouraged. Prt [S], m. 1. the spirit of a dead person (esp. before the funeral rites are performed). 2. a ghost, evil spirit, demon. 3. pej. villain. ~ karm, m. funerary ceremonies p671 PRithvii,

pRqvaI f. 1. the wide world, the earth. 2. earth, ground, soil

Priy [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. dear, beloved. 2. agreeable, kind (a person). 3. (often priy) valued; liked (a person, a thing); favourite. 4. priy . approving of. 5. attractive. 6. dear one; husband; lover Priiti [S], f. 1. love, affection; regard. 2. gladness; enjoyment. ~ karnaa, to show affection (for/se); to love P671 Puch, f. 1. enquiry (into/kii). 2. demand, request (for sg needed/kii). 3. attention, respect (for a persons wishes or opinion) p 640 Puckaarnaa, vt. 1. to coax; to stroke, to pat; to fondle. 2. transf. to urge on (a horse). Pukaarnaa: to call out (*bhakt pukaarte hain: the devotees call out) Pukhtaa [P.pukhta], adj. inv. 1. baked, fired (as bricks). 2. firm, strong (= pakkaa); fixed, definite; confirmed (as a misgiving). 3. U. mature; wise 91

Puna [S], adv. & pref. again, anew; re- p 636 Punar-[S], pref. again, anew, rePunarjanm , m. rebirth, transmigration; revival, regeneration. Puyaa [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. auspicious. 2. virtuous, meritorious (an act). 3. holy, sacred (an observance, a duty, a place). 4. pleasing (as a deity to devotees). 5. m. moral or spiritual merit; virtue. 6. virtuous act. 7. welfare (of the individual); happiness. 8. good fortune. Puraa, adv. & pref. Brbh. 1. adv. Of old, formerly. 2. pref. existing of old, former. Puuraa [puura-1], adj. 1. full, complete; satisfied (as desires). Pure ka ~, adj quite complete, etc. 2. entire, whole; made good (as deficiency). 3. completed, accomplished (as a task); spent ( a period of time). 4. fulfilled, kept (as ones word); fulfilling. 5. exact, precise; sufficient. ~ saamaan, m. everything needed (for a purpose) . 6. complete absolute; real (a friend etc.); unqualified, unrestricted; arrant (as a villain) p 641 for expr. Puraan , adj. & m. 1. old; ancient; primeval. 2. a puraana (a class of voluminous work in Sanskrit dealing with aspects of ancient Indian history, legend, mythology or theology). Purii -1 [S.]. f. 1. a town, city. 2. abode; palace. 3. fig. the body. Purii -2 [cf. H. puuraa], f. reg. fullness; completed ness. Puur [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. full, filled, &c. (= puuraa). 2. gram. Perfective. 3. m. a whole (as opposed to a part) Puurti [S]. f. 1. filling. 2. accomplishment (of a purpose, an aim). *3. making good (a want); satisfying, meeting (a need, demand); supply (of a commodity). 4. solving, solution (of a problem). 5. fullness, completeness. 6. math. multiplication. Purus [S.], m. 1. a man, human being. *2. a male. 3. a person, individual. Pl. ancestors. 5. gram. Person. (uttam ~, m. first person. 6. the supreme being or soul of the universe. 7. the primary being, source of the universe. 8. the human soul Purushottam: adj. best of men; the supreme being, a title of Visnu or Krsna. Purushaarth, m. manliness; exertion, vigour; a goal of man, esp. any one of the caar padaarth
The meaning of 'purushaarth' (effort) itself is for the sake of soul. 'Svaarth' means for the sake of one's own chariot (sva rath). Whatever task is performed, whatever we speak, whatever we think for the bodylike chariot, is temporary and whatever is done for the sake of soul is permanent. (VCD 553 p 5)

Puurv, adj. & m. 1. adj. forward, foremost. 2. eastward; east, eastern; first (light). 3. prior, preceding, former. 4. initial; preliminary; pre-. 5. ancient. 6. adv. Before, previously, formerly. 7. ppn. (w. ke/se) in front (of); before, previous (to). 8. m. the east

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 ancestors -puurvak [S], suffix (form adverbs of manner from nouns, e.g. aadarpuurvak, respectfully) Putla, m. 1. a puppet; a doll. 2. an idol; effigy. 3. transf. embodiment. P636 Pyaas [pipaasaa-], f. 1. thirst. 2. desire, craving .QQQ. Qaabiz, adj. taking, seizing; possessing; occupying. Qabr [A], f. grave. 2. tomb Qadr, f. 1. merit, worth. 2. estimation; value set (upon, kii). 3. measure, extent, degree. ~ karnaa (kii), to appreciate justly, to value. Qaanuun, m. 1. a law; regulation. 2. law (in general) Qaanuunan, adv. By law, legally. Qarz, m. 1. a debt. 2. a loan. ~ uhaanaa, to take on a debt (of/kaa) Qayaamat, f. & adj. 1. f. the resurrection; doomsday. 2. calamity. 3. fig. lamentation; commotion. 4. adj. astounding; dire p170 Qaaydaa, m. 1. regulation, rule; law. 2. custom, practice, way; habit. 3. regularity; uniformity. 4. precept, principle. 5. manners, etiquette. 6. a primer, reader. 7. gram. a rule. ~ se, in accordance with rule, or custom, &c; properly. Qaayade-qaanuun, m. pl. rules and regulations. (contrary beqaayda) Qaaym [A qaaim], adj, standing: 1. fixed, established; set up. 2. lasting; remaining in force. 3. stable. 4. steadfast (in respect of/par). ~ karnaa, to set up, to establish; to make permanent; to uphold, to support; to appoint (to/par). ~ rakhnaa = ~karnaa, 1, 3; to keep up, to preserve. P 191 Qilaa, m. a fort; a castle. Qiimat [A. qiima: P. qiimat]. F. 1. price. 2. value, worth. 3. cost Qismat , f. division: fate, destiny; lot Qurbaan, m. 1. f. a sacrifice; an offering. 2. devotion. P206 .RRR.

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Racnaa, vi. & vt. 1. vi. To be created, made or formed. 2. to be composed (as a book). 3. to be set afoot, initiated (as acts, or a scheme). 4. vt. [= H. 1 racaanaa] to create, to make, to form. 5. to compose (as a book). 6. to initiate (an action or a scheme); to prepare; to plan. 7. to celebrate (as a marriage). 8. reg. to arrange in order; to string together. Racna [S], f. 1. creating, forming. 2. sg created or formed; a creation; a literary or artistic work. 3. establishment, arrangement. 4. structure (as part of a literary work) Racayitaa [S], m. inv. 1. creator, maker. 2. composer, author (of a work). Rafaa, m. inv. Removing, ending (a difficulty, a need; or a quarrel etc). ~ karnaa, to remove, to end; to settle (a dispute). Rafaa-dafaa, m. = ~ Raftaar, f. 1. going, motion; gait. *2. pace, speed. 3. manner of proceeding, behaviour. Rag, f. 1. a blood vessel: artery; vein. 2. sinew, tendon; fibre (of the body). 3. vein (in a leaf). 4. fig. inner nature, character. 5. fig. obstinacy Raah, f. 1. road, way. 2. transf. journey, progress. 3. means of access, or of exit. 4. manner, method; custom. ~ par laanaa, to guide on the (right) road; to cause (one) to reform p 864 Rahasya: secret Rahm, m. pity, compassion; tenderness Raahu [S], m. mythol. name of a demon supposed (with Ketu) to seize the sun and moon in his mouth and so to cause eclipses. Raahu-graas, m. eclipse. Raaii [raajikaa-], f. 1. a mustard seed. 2. transf. a tiny particle, grain. 3. a type of mustard having small seeds. Raaii ko parvat ginnaa/karnaa: to make a mountain out of a molehill Raj [ad. Rajas, neut.], f. & m. 1. f. dust. 2. pollen. 3. m. menstrual discharge. 4. = rajas. raj-kaN, m. speck of dust; grain of pollen. Rajavatii, adj. f. menstruating. Raaj [ad. Raajan-], m. 1. king, prince; lord, master, ruler. 2. sg. royal; anything the best or chief of its kind. 3. a mason, builder (= raajgiir) Raaj [rajya-], m. 1. royalty, kingly state. 2. kingdom, realm, state; empire. 3. rule, sway; government. P860 raaj-niiti, f. royal policy or polity: politics Raajdhaanii: f. capital, metropolis. Raajnetaa m. statesman

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Rajiiya, adj. monarchical Raajik, adj. diplomatic Raakaa [S.], f. 1. the day of full moon; full moon. ---->raakesh, m. lord of Raakaa: full moon; a title of Shiva Rakhnaa: vt. 1. to put, to place; to leave (in the keeping of/ke paas); to pledge, to pawn (an article); to deposit (money). 2. to submit, to depose (as proof, an argument, a charge: to/ke samne). 3. to keep (in a place); to keep (as a trademan his stock); to keep (animals); to collect (partic. articles). 4. to keep ( in a partic. state). 5. to keep (a concubine). 6. to keep or to hold back (as facts, information; or money, goods); to put aside (money). 7. to protect; to preserve; to care for; to put up (guests). 8. to possess, to have (in ones possession); to have (as of right); to feel, to harbour (emotions). 9. esp. w. denaa. to engage, to appoint. 10. w. denaa. to assign (to a sphere of duties). 11. to apply (a reference: to/par). 12. to ascribe, to impute (a fault, &c.: to/par)p850 Rama [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. delighting. *2. m. a lover; husband. 3. delight, dalliance. 4. sexual intercourse. Ramiik [S], adj. = ramaiiya Ramaiiya [S], adj. lovely, charming Ramaiiytaa [S], f. 1. loveliness, charm (of a young woman). 2. charm (of nature) Ramnaa, vi. 1. to wander happily, to roam; to stroll; to go (ones way). 2. to take pleasure or delight (in); to be attracted (to), or engrossed (in). man ~, to take delight (in); to be distracted (the thoughts). Rang manc: the scene (theatre) Ragii [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. impassioned. 2. devoted (to). 3. m. pl. HSS. An actor. 4. pl. HSS. a dyer Raas [S], m. 1. noise, din. 2. a dance of cowherd. 3. specif. the round-dance or Krishna with the herdgirls of Braj. 4. a Krishna festival including enactment of the round-dance, celebrated in the month Kaartik. 5. a type of popular drama dealing with exploits of Krishnaa. Raas-triiaa, f. /raas-liilaa, f. Krishnas dalliance and dance with the herdgirls of Braj. Raai, f. 1. heap, mass. 2. sum, total. 3. fund (of money). 4. a sign of the zodiac. Ra [cf. H. ranaa], f. 1. repeating, repetition; rote-learning. 2. a worn-out slogan, or a familiar claim. ~ algaanaa, colloq. To repeat the same old things. Raant [cf. H. ranaa], f. continued repeating, rote-learning; parrotting (sg).

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Raatri [S], f. night Rath [S], m. 1. chariot. 2. vehicle (as of the gods) Rathii [S], m. 1. charioteer. 2. warrior who fights from a chariot. Ratn [S.], 1. jewel, precious stone; treasure. 2. sg. Precious or excellent. Raurav, adj. & m. 1. adj. fearsome, terrible. 2. m. mythol. A hell; transf. hellishness. Rasnaa [rasati 2, and H. ras], vi. 1. [H. 1 risnaa] to drip. 2. Brbh, to feel delight, or ecstasy (see ras). Raay [P. raaii], f. 1. opinion, judgment. 2. advice. 3. an individual vote (in an election) Raaz [P.], m. a secret; a mystery Ritaa, m. string, line: 1. connection, relationship (with/se). 2. relationship (of blood or marriage) p865 Ritedaar/ii, m/f. a relative Rivat [S], f. a bribe p865 Riiti [S], f. going, course: 1. manner, way: fashion, style. is ~ se, adv. in this manner; accordingly. 2. mannerism (the attitudes and style dominant in Hindi verse on poetics in the 16th 19th centuries). 3. usage, custom; rite. 4. rule, regulation. ~ se, adv. according to custom Rivaaj, m. being in demand: 1. currency, usual occurrence. 2. custom, practice [Advance learners] usage, vogue, fashion, convention Rog, m. 1. illness; disease; an illness. 2. fig. an evil, worry, plague. 3. a bad habit. Rogii, adj. & m. 1. adj. ill; ailing, unwell; diseased (plant, seed). 2. an invalid; patient. Romaanc, m. curl or thrill of the body hairs. Thrill (of ecstasy or of horror). P 873 Roni, f. 1. light; brightness; illumination (as of a building). 2. brighteness (of the eye); clearness of sight. 3. a light, lamp; electric light bulb. 4. enlightment Roz, m & adj. 1. m. a day; a day of 24 hours. 2. adv. daily. ~ kaa, adj. daily (work, bread); everyday, ordinary (as an event) Ruuii, f. 1. cotton (carded or cleaned). 2. cotton-wool

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Ruknaa [cf. H. roknaa], vi. 1. to stop, to halt; to come to an end (as rain, flood). 2. to be hindered, stopped or prohibited (an event) Rudr [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. fearsome. 2. m. mythol. A title of a Vedic storm-god. 3. a title of Shiva. Rudr bhuumi, f. Shivas ground: a cremation site. Rudraksh, m. Rudra-eyed: the tree Elaeocarpus ganitrus, and its berries (used for rosaries) Ruuhaanii, adj. 1. having a soul or spirit. 2. spiritual Ruup [S], m. 1. form, shape; appearance; aspect. 2. face, features. 3. beauty, handsomeness. 4. manner, mode. 5. character, nature; species; type. 6. gram. A form. 7. esp ~ ruup, adj. formant. Having the form of; consisting ofruup-rekhaa, f. sketch, outline (of a topic) p868 .SSS. Sa- [S], prefix. 1. together with, along with. 2. having, possessing. 3. equal, same. P971 Sabaq, m, lesson p 983 Sabhaa [S.], f. 1. assembly, meeting, gathering. 2. a society, association. 3. a deliberative body: council house, assembly (of parliament). 4. place of assembly etc.: council, hall; levee. 5. fig. deliberation Sabhii/sab hii, adj. & pron. every single (one), absolutely all. Sabhiit, adj. fearful, afraid; timid. Saabit, adj. 1. established, confirmed; proved. 2. sound, valid. ~ karnaa, to establish, etc.; to prove; to substantiate. Sabuut (m): proof Saccaaii [cf. H. saccaa], f. 1. truth; the truth. 2. authenticity. 3. truthfulness. 4. honesty, sincerity (as of intentions). 5. faithfulness (to an original). Sadaiv (= sadaa): ever Saadhan [S], m. 1. the act of accomplishing, or achieving. 2. an accomplishment, achievement. 3. means; expedient Saadhaaran: ordinary aadii [P. aadii ], f. delight, glad occasion: marriage; a wedding. ~ karnaa, to have (a person) married (to/se), to arrange a marriage. ~ honaa, (ones) marriage to take place (to/se)

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Sa-dr [S], adj. 1. like, similar. 2. fit, proper, suitable; worthy. 3. ppn. W. [ke]. Similar (to); after the manner (of) Saaf, adj. 1. clear, fair (as sky); bright (light). 2. clean. 3. unadulterated. 4. unobstructed (way). 5. clear (voice). 6. sincere, open (of manner); simple, innocent; clean (game). 7. plain, clear (any matter); lucid (language, ideas); express, flat (a refusal); peremptory. 8. correct, true (a statement, account); exact (a calculation); fair (a likeness). 9. legible. 10. blank (paper). 11. flat, level. 12. practiced (hand). 13. adv. Clearly. 14. completely. 15. safely, unharmed; lightly Sagiir: clever? Sah- [S.], pref. 1. with, along with, together with. 2. united; common; coSaha-j, adj. & m. born together: 1. innate; natural, instinctive. 2. unforced, unaffected (manner). 3. easy, simple (as a task). 4. m. a full brother. 5. natural state or disposition. 6. E.H. the unqualified absolute (as perceivable intituitively in the heart); Brbh. the supreme being p997 Sahaaraa [sahakaara-], 1. support. 2. dependence, reliance. 3. encouragement. 4. assistance, aid. Saahas [S], m. 1. boldness, courage; spirit, vigour. 2. resoluteness Sahyak [S], adj. & m. going with: 1. adj. assisting, assistant. 2. auxiliary (force, service); gram. auxiliary (verb); secondary (industry); supplementary (list, table; benefits). 3. tributary (a river). 4. m. an assistant; companion. Sahii, adj. & f. 1. adj. sound, right, correct; real, actual. 2. arith. Whole. 3. adv. (it is) quite right, or correct; really; exactly. 4. very well, all right. 5. f. colloq. Confirmation, corroboration; signature Sahit, ppn. With or without ke. 1. accompanied (by); attended by. 2. along (with), together (with) Sah-yog [S], m. cooperation; collaboration. Saikaa, m. & adv. 1. m. an amount of a hundred. 2. the hundreds position (in a series). 3. adv. Per cent. aitaanii, adj. & f. 1. adj. devilish, fiendish. 2. f. wicked or fiendish behaviour; naughtiness aiyaa in kanton kii aiyaa: bed of thorn

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Sazaa, f. worthy, deserving: 1.punishment. 2. retribution Saakaar, adj. having form or shape; real, visible (not imaginary). 2. incarnate Sakhaa [S], m. inv. Friend, companion Sks, adj. having eyes. Sksaat, adv. & adj. & m. before the eyes: 1. adv. In the sight or presence (of). 2. visibly, manifestly. 3. adj. visible, evident, veritable; incarnate. 4. m. a (face-to-face) meeting. Sksaatkaar, m. a meeting, interview Sksi, adj. & m. 1. adj. observing, witnessing. 2. testifying. 3. m. an eye-witness. 4. witness (in law). 5. a spectator. akti [S], f. 1. power, strength (physical, or otherwise); energy; transf. electric power. 2. ability, capacity. 3. phys. A force. 4. pol. A power, nation. 5. the energy of a deity personified as his wife (as Durgaa or gaurii of iva, Lakshmi of Vishnu). 6. the female genitalia (as counterpart of the phallic representation of iva; worshipped by shaktas) Salaah, f. 1. advice. 2. consultation Saaligraam or aal-graam, m. hind. aalagraam stone: a kind of stone containing one or more ammonites which is supposed to be pervaded by the substance of Vishnu, and is sacred to Vaishnavas Also supposed to be a grain of rice with the husk. Baba use the image to represent the soul. Saltanat, f. 1. sovereign power, dominion, rule. 2. a sultanate, kingdom. amaa, m. 1. a wax candle. 2. fig. a lamp (= battii) Sam-aa-caar [S], m. proceeding, practice or behaviour; state, condition: 1. an occurrence. *2 (often pl.) news, information. Sam-aa-dhaan [S], m. putting together: 1. solution (of a problem); resolving, resolution (of a doubtful matter); decision, determination. 2. the act of satisfying, propitiating. 3. deep meditation, contemplation. Sam-aa-dhaankaarak, adj. decisive (step, argument); definite (an answer). Saamaagrii [S], f. collected materials, stock, implements etc. Samajh (f): understanding Samajhnaa: to understand, to perceive, to think, to consider p984 Samjhaanaa: to explain Samjhaanaa parta hai: have to be explained

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Samaalnaa, vt. pronounc var. = sambhaalnaa Samaan [S]. adj. & ppn. 1. like, similar; equal. 2. even, level. 3. common, general. 4. ppn. w. [ke] similar (to), equal (to); just as Samaanaa [samaati], vi &vt. 1. vi. to be contained or held (in/mein); to fit (into). 2. to take up the available room or space (in); to fill; to pervade. 3. fig. to sink (into: as into the earth, in shame). 4. vt. To place or to pour (objects or liquid into a container: ke andar, or mein) Samaar, m. reg. (Bihar) 1. a second ploughing. 2. cross-ploughing (of a field: as opposed to ploughing by circuits). 3. covering seed sown in a furrow by ploughing a second furrow beside it. Samaaroh: ceremony (opening) Sam-arpan, m. 1. entrusting. 2. handing over, &c (see samarpit); dedicating, dedication. 3. law. Assignement, transfer. For Baba: surrender. Sam-arpit [S], adj. 1. entrusted, committed (to/ko). 2. handed over, presented; surrendered; dedicated (to). 3. law. Made over, assigned (to). 4. consigned, dispatched. ~ karnaa, to entrust, &c. Sam-arth [S.],adj. 1. capable, competent. 2. suitable (for a purpose). 3. powerful. Sam-arthak [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. lending strength, supporting; favouring. 2. supporter; seconder. Sam-arthan [S.], m. 1. support (in [mein]: as in an effort, an endeavour). 2. confirmation. Sam-arthniiy [S.], adj. deserving support. Sam-asyaa [S], f. junction, union: 1. the latter half of a verse (provision of a first part for which forms a test of poetic skill). *2. a problem Sam-aave [S], entering, penetration: 1. inclusion, incorporation. 2. pl. HSS. Possession (by evil spirits). ~ karnaa (ka), to include, to incorporate (in/mein) Sam-ay [S.], m. 1. time. 2. proper time; opportunity; due time, term. 3. period, season; age; times (in general). 4. date, dates (as of a writers birth and death). 5. leisure. 6. obs. Chapter, canto (of a narrative poem). ~ par, adv. on time, punctually. ~ ~, adv. from time to time. ~ ~ par, adv. id.; at certain times; according to the times. P 985 Sam-bandh, m. 1. connection; relationship (with/se). 2. relationship (of blood or marriage). 3. a connection (mail, air, telephone). 4. gram. Possessive case

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Sam-bandhit [S], adj. 1. connected. 2. concerned (with), involved (in). ~ karnaa, to connect (with/se or ke saath) Sambhalnaa = sambhaalnaa, vt. 1. to support; to sustain (as expenditure, or an attack); to hold up. 2. to adjust (clothing). 3. to hold, not to let go. 4. to take care of, to look after. 5. to maintain (as family, relatives). 6. to assist (one). 7. to see to, to settle (a matter). 8. to superintend. 9. to regulate (as expenses, revenues). 10. to curb (the feelings, the tongue). 11. to correct (a child); to punish. Sam-bhav, m. & adj. 1. m. birth, origin. *2. adj. possible; probable Same, f. gathering together, rolling up. Samenaa, vt. 1. to gather up or together; to scrape together. 2. to roll up or together; to wrap up. 3. to finish, to dispose of; to wind up (a business). Sahaar, drawing together: 1. total destruction, or ruin. 2. killing; slaughter, carnage. 3. mythol. Final destruction of the world. Other pron: /senhar/, /saghar/ aamil, adj. 1. included (in/men). 2. involved (in), participating. ~ karnaa, to include, to incorporate (in); to attach (as papers to a file); to include (one in a group); to involve (in an activity). Samiiptaa [S], f. nearness, proximity ( = saamiipya) aamiyaanaa, m. 1. a large tent. marquee; pavilion. 2. canopy, awning Samjhaanaa, vt. 1. to cause to understand, to explain (to/ko). 2. to give (one) to know, to impress on the mind (of); to convince. 3. to advise; to console. 4. to admonish. 5. to correct; to punish Sam-maan [S], m. 1. honour, esteem; veneration, homage. 2. an honour; a decoration. ~ karnaa, to honour, to show esteem, &c (for/kaa) Sa-ny-aas [S], m. 1. laying down, abandonment; specif. renunciation of the world, becoming an ascetic. 2. the fourth stage (aaram) of life, life of a wandering ascetic. 3. HSS. Complete exhaustion; coma. ~ grahaa karnaa Sam-pann [S], adj. 1. prosperous, thriving; rich. 2. accomplished, effected, completed. 3. esp. sampann. Abundantly endowed (with), possessed (of: as of wealth, learning). ~ karnaa, to bring to a successful conclusion; to endow abundantly (with) Sam-park , m. mixing together: 1. contact; liaison. 2. relationship, connection Sam-patti [S], f. 1. wealth, riches; property, possessions; resources. 2. success, prosperity. 3. completion, accomplishment.

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Sam-pra-daay [S], m. 1. an established doctrine, persuasion or system of teaching. *2. a religious sect; school (of thought). 3. a religious community Sam-puurn, adj. & m. 1. adj. complete; unlimited. 2. entire, whole, all. 3. full (the moon). 4. completed (as a task, an activity). 5. mus. Any scale or melody in which all the notes of the partic. Raag or raaginii are used. Sam-raat [S.], m. emperor Sam-ddh, adj. 1. prosperous, thriving. 2. wealthy. 3. enriched (as a language, a literature) Sam-ddh i, f. prosperity Sa-saar [sa-saara-], m. 1. cycle of births or states, transmigration. 2. transf. the world; the universe. 3. life in this world; worldly concerns; illusion as to worldly reality Sa-sarg [S], m. mixture, union: 1. contact, touch. 2. m. association, dealings. 3. cohabitation Sa-ay [S.]; m. 1. uncertainty, doubt; hesitation; mistrust. 2. apprehension (of) 3. anxiety; fear Sa-sthaa [S], f. 1. an institutional body; institute (of learning, &c). 2. an organisation; an association, society Sam-uc-cay, m. 1. assemblage, aggregate, mass. 2. collection; anthology. 3. gram. An assemblage of words or sentences. Samudra : m. sea, ocean Sam-uuh [S], m. 1. a collection, aggregate. 2. multitude, mass (of people). 3. flock, herd (of animals, birds) Sa-ay [S], m. 1. uncertainty, doubt; hesitation; mistrust. 2. apprehension (of). 3. anxiety; fear Sa-sthaan [S], m. = Sa-sthaa, 1. : an institutional body; institute (of learning etc.)

Lkkoyk [svl]: dark complexioned 2. Title of a lover or a husband; specif. of

Krishna Pg. 1001 Sa- yukt [S], adj. 1. connected together; joined, compound (as a verb, a noun); conjunct (as a consonant graphs). 2. joined, united; join (a family; an activity)

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San [A. sana], m. f. 1. year (of a calendar). 2. era. ~ 1974 mein, adv. In the year 1974. is ~ mein, adv. In this year. Iisvii ~ mein, adv. In the Christian era. Sanan karnaa: to bathe Sanaatan, adj. existing from of old, immemorial; continuing, eternal Sa-caalan [S], m. managing, directing; disposing (as of funds). Sang, m. & adv. 1. m. coming together, joining, meeting. 2. association, connection; company, society (of a person or group); attachment, intimacy. 3. a group; a sectarian body. 5. adv. Together (with/ke), along (with). ~ karna: to associate (with/ka) p 962 Sa-gathan [cf. H. gathnaa], m. 1. organised state or condition. 2. an organisation. Sa-gathit [cf. H. gatnaa], adj. organised; integrated. Sa-gh [S], m. group: 1. society, association, body; party; federation, union. 2. sect, persuasion; community (of Buddhist or Jain monks) Saghaar = sahaar Sa-gharsh, m. 1. rubbing; friction; grinding. *2. clash, conflict; hostility; struggle Sa-gha, m. meeting, joining together, union ( = sa-ghaan ). 2. multitude, mass Sa-ghaan [S], m. 1. = Sa-gha. 2. structure, composition Sagii [sagin-], m. & adj. one who is attached, or devoted (to): 1. m. an associate, friend. 2. an accomplice. 3. a desirous, or a lascivious person. 4. adj. devoted (to), fond (of). 5. [ ? gacchati] accompanying; allied (to), connected (with). Sagii-saathii, m. pl. friends, companions Saginii f, 1. female companion. 2. life companion, wife (jiivan saginii ) Saanii, adj. & m. second: a match, an equal. Sa-kalp- [ad. sakalpate, sakalpa-], vt. 19c. to vow (= sa-kalp karnaa); to make a grant, or to give alms in fulfilment of a vow; to bequeath. Sa-kar [S], m. & adj. 1. m. mixing; specif. crossing (breeds). 2. a mixed caste or race. 3. a half-breed; one born of parents of different caste; a hybrid. 4. adj. cross-breed; hybrid. Sa-koc [S], m. contracting, contraction: 1. embarrassment, blahfulness; diffidence; shyness. 2. fear

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Sa-khyaa, f. 1. reckoning, counting. 2. a number. 3. a figure; amount. 4. gram. Number. 5. number (of an issue) Saa-khy [S], m. having to do with number or calculation: name of an Indian philosophical system. San-ni-dh [ad. sanidha-], m. proximity, vicinity. Saannidhyaa, m. 1. vicinity, proximity. 2. presence, attendance. 3. philos. Beatific state in which the soul attends on God. San-taan [S.], f.; m.f 1. offspring, children; descendants. 2. m. f. a son or daughter San- tu [S], adj. 1. satisfied (with/se); pleased. 2. contented (with); not opposed, in agreement. 3. resigned (to); consoled. ~ karnaa (ko), to satisfy; to get the agreement (of); to console. Sanyaasii = sam-ny-aasii [S], m. one who has renounced the world, an ascetic. Sa-phal [S.], adj. 1. fruitful; profitable. 2. successful. 3. fulfilled (in this life) Sa-phaltaa [S.], f. 1. fruitfulness. Successfulness, success. Sapth [S], m. seven days: a week Sapuut, adj. & m. 1. adj. good, dutiful (a son). 2. a mother who has a good son. Saar [saara-], m. f. 1. m. essence, substance, best or essential part; heart; core, marrow. 2. sap. 3. gist, sense; content. 4. essential worth or valuep 1008 Sar [P], m. syn. Sir. p 989 Saaraa: whole, entire, whole araab, f. wine, alcohol. araab-kabaab, m. alcohol and meat. ~ii, m. one who drinks alcohol and eats meat Saraah, f. reg. praise Saraahnaa, vt. & f. 1. vt. to praise; to approve, to approve, to admire. 2. f. praise, admiration Saral [S], adj. 1. straight, direct. *2. simple, straightforward (of character); honest. 3. unaffected, unfeigned. 4. not difficult, simple; easy

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ara[S], f. m. 1. protection. 2. shelter, refuge Saarthii [S], m. 1. charioteer. 2. leader of a caravan or convoy of vehicles. 3. name of a partic. Hindu community. Sardii, f. 1. cold; coolness. 2. esp. pl. the cold season, winter. 3. a cold. Saarhe, adj. pl. (preceding numbers from three to ninety-nine) plus a half. ~ tiin: 3 aariir [S], adj. having to do with the body. ~ vijaan, m. anatomy ariirnirvaah: livelihood of the body (see nir-vaah) Sarjiivan [conn. Sajiivana-], adj. 1. imperishable, immortal, immortal; evergreen. 2. lifeprolonging, life-giving. Sarkar [P. sar-kaar], m. 1. m. master, lord (as term of address) sir, your Honour. *2. f. government, ruling authority; court (of a king). Sarkaarii [P], adj. 1. of or pertaining to the government, or to the state; governmental; official. 2. pertaining to any public authority Sarnaa [sarati], vi. 1. to move ahead, to proceed; to go ahead smoothly (a task, &c.); to be accomplished. 2. to be passed, or lived (time, life); to be finished. Sanaa [aati, Pk. Saa], vi. 1. to decay, to rot; to go bad. 2. to be poisoned, septic (as a finger). 3. to ferment. Saro- [S], lake, pool; tank: (p992) Sarovar, m. large or fine lake, &c. Sarpini: female serpent Sarsat ki vaani: vaani of 67 Sarv- [S], adj. 1. all. 2. whole; entire; total. 3. universal, general; omni-, pan-. 4. adv. most of all, extremely p993sarvottam, adj. best of all Sarvopari: adv. & adj. above all; placed above all, chief, paramount. aasan, m. instructing; command: 1. governing, ruling. 2. rule (of a government, a king); command (of a leader). 3. control (as over emotions); discipline. 4. a government. 5. a command, edict. 6. deed, grant (as a land of privileges). Sa-akt [S], adj. powerful, endowed with strength.

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aastr [S.], m. 1. a work or book dealing with religion, or with any branch of knowledge, which is regarded as of age-old or divine authority; treatise; a scripture p949 Satsang, m. association with the virtuous or the good; good people or company; a congregation to gather and worship bhajans. Sattaa [S], f. 1. existence, being. 2. power, authority (political or administrative). 3. sovereignty. 4. pol. a power, a state p977 Saathi, m. 1. companion; associate; ally; accomplice. 2. attendant, follower. Saty [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. true. 2. real, genuine; sincere, faithful (a friend). 3. pure, virtuous, good. 4. fulfilled, realised (as hopes). 5. m. truth. 6. reality; ultimate reality. 7. goodness, virtue; sincerity. 8. a true fact or conclusion. 9. a statement under oath. 10. mythol. Name of the first of the four ages (yuga) consistuting a recurrent cycle of time (mahaayuga); the golden age. Satyaa-, truth, reality (=saty): satyaanaash, m. total destruction, ruin (of character, or prosperity, or hopes) Saugaat, f. a present given on returning from a journey, a special gift. Saugaatii, adj. 1. suitable as a present. 2. given as a present. Saup [cf. H. saupnaa], f. charge, keeping; custody Saupnaa [samarpayati], vt. 1. to hand over, to entrust. 2. to deposit (with/ko). 3. to hand over (as to police). 4. to hand over, to give up (sg). Saukhy, m. state of happiness, or comfort Savaal, m. 1. asking, questioning. 2. a question. 3. a problem. 4. interrogation. 5. request, entreaty; complaint (to a court) Saavdhaanii [S], f. 1. attention. 2. care, caution; prudence. ~ se, adv. attentively; carefully, &c. Saavdhaan! Attention! Savaarii, f. 1. riding; horsemanship. 2. a vehicle, conveyance. 3. cavalcade, train (of animals or vehicles). 4. a passenger. 5. fare (for a journey). ~ denaa (ko), to give (one) a ride, or a horse, &c. Saveraa [*savela-], m. early morning; morning Sazaa, f. worthy, deserving: 1. punishment. 2. retribution p 974

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Se, ppn. 1. by means of: by; with. 2. because of: of, from, for. 3. (in expressions of manner formed on nouns) with; by, in; -ly. Aasaanii se, easily. 4. (denoting literal or fig. connection) to, with. 5. (in comparisons). Aap un se bae hain, you are bigger than he. 6. in respect of. 7. (denoting separation) from, away from. 8. (referring to passage of past time) since, for p1038 Sehat, f. health Sevaa [S], f. 1. service (p1039) Sevay, f. seva-paraayan, adj. devoted to or conscious in (ones) work Sharm, f: shame Siddh [S], adj & m. 1. adj. accomplished, brought about; realised (an objective, a wish); completed; perfected. 2. obtained, acquired. 3. demonstrated, proved (a fact, a case); substantiated. 4. sound, valid (as usage); mature (as judgement). 5. decided, adjudicated (as a law-suit). 6. accepted (as), famous (as). 7. cooked (food); prepared, concocted (as a dye). 8. thoroughly versed (in a field of knowledge; or in magic). 9. endowed with supernatural powers; perfected or sanctified (as by penance). 10. sacred, holy. 11. m. a semi-divine being of great perfection, said to possess eight supernatural faculties or siddhis. 12. an ascetic of great powers and saintliness. 13. a magician who has acquired superhuman powers. ~karnaa, to accomplish &c; to demonstrate, to prove; to win to (ones) side (esp. by guile); to suborn; to bring under subjection by magic; to settle (a debt)p 1014 ikaayat, f. 1. a complaint; request for improvement or redress. 2. a reproach. 3. an ailment, complaint ikshaa: education Sikhaaii, f. instruction; advice. Sikhaanaa [cf. H. siikhnaa], vt. 1. to teach; to instruct. 2. to advise, prompt, to suggest (to/ko). 3. to teach (one) a lesson, to correct (one) Silaaii [cf. H. silaanaa], f. 1. sewing; needlework. 2. a seam. 3. price paid for sewing. ~ kii mashiin, f. sewing machine. Siimit [S], adj. limited, restricted. Sipaahii, f. 1. soldier; specif. an Indian soldier; hist. sepoyp1014 Sirf, adv. only, merely (often used in conjunction with and supplementing hii). Siirhii (f): ladder

107

iro [S]. the head iromai, m. a jewel worn on the head, or in a head-ornament; one who is supreme, a parangon isy [S.], m. 1. a pupil. 2. a disciple ( = shelaa) iital [S], adj. 1. cool; refreshing. 2. cold Smara [S], m. 1. remembering, recollecting; memory. 2. calling to mind, or meditating upon, the supreme being. 3. counting (ones) beads. 4. mentioning, adverting (to). ~ aanaa (ko), to come to mind p 1048 Smrti, f. 1. recollection, memory; a memory. 2. the body of sacred and profane brahmanical tradition as remembered by men (as distinct from the revealed knowledge of the Vedas) Sivaa, ppn., often inverted. Except (for/ke), apart (from) So [sa], pron. & adv. 1. pron. chiefly obs. Or reg. = vah. Jo ho, ~ ho, what is to be must be. 2. adv. Thus, therefore, hence. 3. conj. Then, next. 4. (introducing a remark) now, well. obhnaa [ad. obhaayate: w. H. obhaa], vi. 1. to be becoming (to); to grace. 2. to befit, to beseem (one) Sojhaa: straight, direct. 2. straightforward (in nature). 3. reg. right, true, accurate ok [S.], m. 1. sorrow. 2. regret; condolence. 3. mourning Sonaa, m: gold Spa [S], adj. 1. clear; distinct. 2. intelligible (as language, wording, thought) p1047 Spaikara m. clarification, explanation. raaddh [S], m. hind. A ceremony in honour and for the benefit of deceased relatives, observed at fixed periods and on occasions of rejoicing as well as of mourning (libations and offerings of pandas are made to the spirits of the deceased and of food and gifts to braahma officiants and to relatives) raddhaa [S], f. 1. faith, reverential belief (in a deity); implicit confidence. 2. reverence, veneration reh [S], adj. 1. best; most excellent, choice. 2. most eminent, high. 3. respected, honoured. 4. senior (in age) Srsti, f. 1. creating. 2. creation, production; invention. 3. the creation, the world; nature

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Sthaan [S], m. 1. place. 2. particular place: locality, situation; site; house, place. 3. position, post, appointment, place. 4. station, position, rank. Sthaapan, m. the act of establishing, etc. Sthaapnaa, f. 1. erection. *2. establishment, etc. 3. establishing (of a fact, a case). 4. presentation (of a drama). ~ karnaa, to establish etc. Sthaapnaa [ad. Sthaapayati: w. H. 2 thaapnaa]. Vt. To place, to set up, to erect; to establish. Sthaayii [S], adj. 1. continuing, permanent (as a post, or any situation); standing (committee). 2. lasting, enduring (as a culture, &c). 3. constant, regular (in attendance). 4. firm, secure, well-based, stable. 5. rhet. Permanent, inherent (a quality). Sthir [S], adj. 1. fixed, firm; unmoving; stable; at rest (water). 2. immovable. 3. lasting, enduring (fame etc.). 4. unchanging, constant; steadfast. 5. decided, determined (a matter). 6. calm, equable (temperament). (*Yuddhistir: Yudh me sthir rehnevala: the one who stays stable in war). ~ karnaa: to stabilize Sthit [S], adj. 1. (also sthit) situated (in, at/mein, par). 2. placed, fixed. 3. resting, remaining. 4. immovable; fig. insistent (on/par) Sthiti [S.], f. 1. state, situation(as of affairs); circumstances. 2. state, condition (of a partic. thing or person). 3. position. 4. place of residence. Sva stithi: self stage: svarag Sthuul [S], adj. 1. bulky, fat. 2. gross, coarse; undifferentiated; outward, apparent. 3. crude, rough (of an estimate). 4. gross (of amount). 5. dense, stupid. 6. philos. Tangible, material (as opposed to suukma, subtle) Stuti [S], f. 1. praise (devout, or lavish); celebration, eulogy. 2. a song or hymn of praise. ~ karnaa, to lavish praises Subhaav [S.], m. good disposition or nature. Suucak [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. suucak. Indicating (e.g. pransuucak, enquiring (as a glance). 2. meaningful (as words, a remark). 3. m. an indicator. 4. narrator of traditional tales. 5. an informer, a spy. Suaar [suupakaara-], m. Av. a cook ubh [S], adj & m. 1. adj. auspicious, lucky; good (as news &c). 2. Brbh. Av. handsome, beautiful. 3. m. ubh. Auspicious; good fortune, welfare ubhkaamnaa, f. good wish. P953

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uddh [S] adj. 1. pure; uncontaminated (a substance, or a tradition, or speech, &c). 2. sinless; virtuous. 3. not ill-intentioned, honest, sincere (conduct). 4. free from errors, correct (as a draft, a proof). 5. nett (profit, return). 6. simple, mere. 7. very, unequalled. Su-dhaar, m. 1. an improvement; adjustment, repair. 2. a reform Sudhaarnaa, vt. to set right: 1. to improve; to correct. 2. to reform. 3. Av. to clean, to polish. 4. Av. to adjust, to arrange (clothing) Sudharnaa [cf. h. sudhaarnaa], vi. To be set right: 1. to be improved; to be corrected; to improve; to come right (situation). 2. to be repaired; to be serviceable. 3. to be reformed. 4. to be or to seem right or good. Sujhaav [cf. H. sujhaanaa], m. 1. suggestion. 2. pointing out (a matter, for consideration); explanation. ~ karnaa (kaa), to suggest. Sukh [S.], m. 1. happiness; pleasure; joy. 2. ease, comfort; convenience. 3. prosperity. 4. rest, relief; peace. Suukhaa [ukaka-], adj. & m. 1. adj. dry; dried up; withered (vegetation). 2. emaciated. 3. dry (manner); terse (remarks). 4. lifeless, dejected (expression); uninteresting. 5. without advantage or profit; without perquisites (a wage). 6. m. dry land. 7. drought. 8. dry leaf (or tobacco or hemp). 9. lung disease: croup; tuberculosis p 1034 Suukm [S], adj & m. 1. adj. minute. 2. slender, thin, fine. 3. subtle (thought, distinction, analysis); searching (investigation). 4. delicate; refined. 5. shrill (voice). 6. subtle, crafty. 7. precise, exact. 8. m. sg. subtle, refined etc. Sulanaa [H su + H ulanaa], vt. To deal with, to settle (a matter in hand). sulaa, adj. direct, straight. Sunnaa: to hear, to listen Sunaanaa: (to make listen) to recite, tell Su-rakaa [S], f. security, safety. Su-rakit [S], adj. well-protected; well-defended uruuat, f. beginning, beginning stage Sust [P], adj. 1. languid, inert. 2. downcast. 3. sluggish; slow (as a train). 4. depressed (as a market). 5. lazy: negligent; remiss. 6. slow, dull (of wit) Sustii [P], f. 1. languor. 2. sluggishness, &c. (see sust). 3. depression (market). 4. laziness etc. 5. dullness. ~ karnaa, to be idle; to be slow, to delay (as with work).

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Sva-bhaav [S], m. own state: 1. nature, character (of a person); temperament. 2. nature, property, properties (of a thing). 3. habit, way; custom, practice. Svacch, adj. 1. fresh, clear (as air); healthy. 2. clean. 3. pure (as the heart); sincere Svaad [S], m. 1. taste; flavour. 2. enjoyment; appreciation; relish Sva-dharm, m. 1. own, or personal duty (as an individual, or a caste member, or as man or woman, &c.) 2. own religion Svapn [S], m. sleep: 1. a dream, dreaming. 2. reverie, fantasy p1049 Svarnim [S], adj. golden; radiant. Svrth [S], m. & adj. 1. m. ones own object or aim; own advantage, self-interest. 2. selfishness. 3. adj. self-interested, selfish. 4. having a meaning. 5. having the same meaning; pleonastic p1052 Svaruup, m. 1. appearance 2. shape, form 3. nature 4. characteristic 5. mask Sva stithi: see Stithi Svata [S], adv. 1. by oneself, on ones own (of performance of an action). 2. of ones own accord or volition. 3. involuntarily; automatically Sva-tantr [S.], adj. 1. independent, free (from/of se: as a nation, or an individual). 2. unrestrained; acting as a free agent. 3. self-willed, refractory. 4. separate, individual. Svaya, pron. adv. 1. pron. self, oneself. 2. adv. By onself, on ones own. 3. of ones own accord. Svayavar, m. (in ancient tradition) public choice of a bridegroom by the bride from among her assembled suitors. Sviikaar [S.], m. making ones own: 1. accepting, acceptance. 2. assent, approval. 3. acknowledgement. 4. admission. P1052 Syaahii, f. 1. blackness; darkness. 2. ink. 3. blacking. 4. stain, stigma .TTT. To, conj. 1. (initially in sentence or clause) then, at that time; in that case. 2. but, however. 3. interj. Well, now. 4. (non initially: introduces an idea complementing, or at variance in some way with what precedes) in fact, actually, but. 5. indeed, certainly, just. 6. at any rate, at least, just. 7. moreover.

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To bhi: conj. Even then, even so, yet, still, nevertheless Nahin to: conj. Otherwise Mein to: as far as I am concerned To: after all
Then; at that time; as far as something is concerned; in that case; but; however; well; indeed; certainly; moreover; in fact; actually. The meaning of this word is: in this situation, then. It can be used to emphasise any part of speech.

- taa [S], suffix. 1. forms f. abstract nouns (eg. viirtaa, bravery, heroism). 2. forms inv. M. agent nouns and some terms of relationship, f. as well as m. (eg. kartaa, a doer, maker; pitaa, m. father; maataa, f. mother) Tab [H. ab: anal.], adv. 1. then, at that time. 2. next, thereafter. 3. therefore, that being so . ~ kaa, adj. of that time. ~ to, adv. Then indeed, then; for that reason. ~ bhii, adv. Even then; even so. Tabhii, adv. At that very time; instantly; for just that reason. Taaba-to, adv. 1. in quick succession. 2. in confusion, helter-skelter. 3. forthwith. Tabqaa, m. 1. U. storey, floor. 2. pl.HSS layer. *3. rank, order; class Taadaad, f. numbering, count: amount, quantity, number(s) Tagaa, adj. 1. sturdy, robust; dependable. 2. forceful, vigorous. 3. valid, strong (an argument) Tagii, f. 1. a thread or cord worn round the waist. 2. a chain, with bells attached, worn round the waist Tahs-nahs, adj. ruined, quite destroyed Taiyaar: ready (?) Taaj, m. 1. crown. 2. diadem, tiara. 3. crest, plume. 4. arch. An ornamental turret. 5. fig. supreme exemplar or exponent; paragon Takaanaa [cf. H. taaknaa], vt. 1. to cause (one) to look at, or to watch over (as fields); to show ( to, ko). 2. to cause (one) to wait, to keep (one) in hope. Taakat: f. strength, power. 2. ability, capability. 3. power, energy (electric, &c) Takht [P takht], m. 1. throne. 2. seat. 3. raised place; stage, platform. Takhtnaiin, a. sitting on a throne, enthroned Taaki [P], conj. So that, in order that.

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akkar, f. 1. striking, knocking (against/se); impact. 2. collision (between/ men or kii). 3. competition, rivalry (between/men); conflict, clash. ~ kaa, adj. equal, comparable. ~ khaate, or maarte, phirnaa, to wander aimlessly, or in a wretched state.(p 400) ~ lenaa (se), to confront, to contend (with) Takliif [A. takliif], f. taking care: 1. trouble, difficulty; inconvenience. 2. distress (emotional or physical); suffering. 3. hardship Taakiid [A.taakiid], f. 1. strict instruction; demand, request. 2. compulsion, coercion. ~ karnaa (se, or ko), to enjoin, to instruct; to caution akkar [akkaraa-], f. 1. striking, knocking (against/se); impact. 2. a collision (between/men or kii). 3. competition, rivalry (between/men); conflict, clash. ~ ka, adj. equal, comparable# ~ lenaa (se), to confront, to contend (with)p 400 akraanaa [cf H. akkar], vi & vt. 1. vi. = akkar khaanaa: to knock (against), to suffer an impact; to collide (with); to be dashed (against); to stumble; to vie (with). 2. to collide (with/se). 3. to oppose, to confront. 4. vt. to knock together, or against; to dash together, or against; to butt. 5. to bring into conflict. Maathaa ~, to bow the head (to the ground in obeisance); to make great efforts. Taal, m. f. 1. clapping the hands, applause. 2. beating time (in music); musical time; rhythm. 3. cymbals. 4. slapping the palms on the arms or thighs as a challenge (in wrestling). P450 Taalaa, m. a lock, a padlock Taalaab [P], m. a pond; tank; reservoir. Talaaq, f. divorce. ~ denaa (ko), to divorce Taalii, f. 1. clapping the hands. 2. applause ~ piitna, or bajaanaa, or maarnaa, to clap the hands (to attract attention, or to show delight, or approval, or derision) p450 Talvaar [taravaari-], f. a sword; sword-blade p 443 Taalluq, m. 1. connection; relationship. 2. concern, reference (with or to/se). ~rakhnaa (se), to be connected (with); to concern, to have reference (to). Taambaa ta^Mbaa [taamra-], m. copper. taambaakaar, m. a coppersmith Taambaii adj. copper-coloured Taamgnaa Ta^Mganaa [*tamg-], vt. 1. to hang up (on/par), to suspend (from/mein or se). 2. to hang (a person). Taam-jhaam, m. colloq. 1. pomp, show. 2. pej. goods and chattels, clobber.

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Tamo-. Darkness: - tamogun, m. = tams, 2. tamsii, adj. & m. dominated in temperament by the quality of tamas; an ignorant, morose, inert or malicious person Taan [cf. H. taannaa], f. 1. stretching, tension. 2. 19 c. knitting (the eyebrows). 3. music. A tone, note; key-note. 4. melody. 5. a stay, guy; spoke (as of a bicycle wheel) Tan, m. the body. Tandurust, adj. of sound body: 1. healthy. 2. vigorous Tandurustii, f. 1. health. 2. vigour Taag, f. the leg; the lower leg p402 Tag, adj. 1. contracted, cramped; narrow (as a lane). 2. tight (clothing). 3. wanting, scarce; stinted. 4. stinting; miserly (hand, heart). 5. in want (of/se). 6. distressed, troubled; sad; vexed; put to trouble. 7. burdensome; awkward (a time, an activity); demanding, severe. ~ aanaa, to be distressed etc., to be in difficulty; to be tired, fed up (of or with/se). ~ karnaa, to tighten; to distress etc.; to put pressure (on/ko); to opress. P431 Tant [? Conn. Tattva-], m. Av. 1. precise moment, moment of truth, nick of time. 2. substance, essence (of a matter). Tantr [S], m. warp (of clothes), weaving: 1. essential part, basis; chief doctrine, theory. 2. arrangement, system; structure; regular order of ritual. 3. specif. a work teaching magical and mystical formulae for worship or the attainment of superhuman power. 4. charm, spell; incantation; oath. 5. means (cf. tant, 2). 6. a thread, string Tap [tapas-], m. ascetic fervour or practice; religious austerity; penance; mortification (p 437) Tapasya [S], f. ascetic fervour or practice, &c ( = tap). Tapas bhumi*: place of tapasya Taaqat , f. 1. strength, power. 2. ability, capability. 3. power, energy Taqdiir [A. taqdiir], f. measuring: fate, destiny, lot Tarah [a. tarh], f. 1. kind, type. 2. manner, mode, way. 3. state, condition p 441 Taara [S], adj & m. 1. adj. causing or enabling to cross. 2. granting salvation. 3. m. means of crossing; a raft, vessel. 4. means of deliverance; saviour (= Viu). 5. crossing over. 6. salvation. ~ karnaa, to enable to cross; to save. taara-taara m. EH. Deliverance (by crossing the ocean of birth and rebirth)

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Taariif, f. making known: 1. praise. 2. fig. merit. 3. the facts which are to be known (about one): introduction (of a stranger) Taariik, adj. dark Taariikh, f. date. 2. law. Date of a court appearance Tariiqaa, m. path: manner (of acting), practice; method. 2. custom, usage; system (of procedure). 3. manner, style (as of life). Tariiqe se, adv. Methodically Tarka, m. a quiver. Tarkaband, adj. wearing a quiver Taarna, vt. 1. to enable to cross, to take (one) across. 2. to save; specif. hind. To save from rebirth. Tatha, conj. & adv. 1. conj. And. 2. adv. In the same way as Tathaakathit: so-called Tathaagat, m. who comes and goes in the same way: title of the Buddha Tathaapi, conj. Nevertheless Tathaastu, so be it Tathev, adv. In just the same way (as) Tathyaa [S], m. sg. Which is so: 1. a fact. 2. a truth, a reality. Tattv, m. 1. real state or nature; essence; the supreme spirit. 2. one of the five traditionally distinguished elementary substances (ether, air, fire, water, earth). 3. cem. An element. 4. a basic principle; an axiom. 5. an element, aspect or factor (in a system). 6. philos. The real nature of the human soul (as identical with the all-pervading supreme spirit). Tej [ad. tejas-], m. 1. spirit, energy; strength; ardour, fire. 2. lustre, brilliance; splendour, majesty, dignity; awesomeness. ehaa, adj. 1. crooked; bent; twisted, twisting; zigzag; awry. 2. slanting; diagonal. 3. unfavourable, adverse; ill-tempered, cross; intractable; rude. 4. difficult, complicated; vexatious ev, m. a habit, a way. Tez [P. tez], adj. 1. sharp (as a blade); piercing (a glance); keen (sight); loud (voice). 2. hot, burning; acrid; corrosive. 3. sharp, spiced; pungent. 4. bright, striking (colour). 5. strong, effective (medicine). 6. fiery, passionate, ardent; angry. 7. quick, swift; agile; deft. 8. inconstant, immature (as reactions, emotions). 9. quick-witted, alert, keen; intelligent. 10. high (price, rate)

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Tezii [P. tezii], f. 1. sharpness, keenness. 2. heat, warmth. 3. sharp taste, spiciness. 4. brightness (colour). 5. potency (medicine). 6. warmth of feeling, passion, ardour; anger. 7. speed; agility; deftness. 8. quick-wittedness. 9. high price.
hag,

m. 1. a cheat, swindler; villain. 2. a robber. 3. hist. a tug: a member of a secret gang of robbers and murderers. (p 409 for words of same family)
hagnaa,

vt & vi. 1. vt. To cheat, to dupe. 2. to rob. 3. fig. to charm. 4. vi. To be cheated. 5. to be robbed. 6. fig. to be charmed
hahar,

m. Brbh. A place, spot.

haharnaa

[cf. * stabhira-], vi. 1. to stand still, to be stationary; to stop; to pause; to rest; to remain; to cease (as rain). 2. to be set in place or position; to be fixed. 3. to stand firm, to resist; not to deteriorate, to keep well (as perishable goods, cloth). 4. to stay, to lodge; to take up quarters. 5. to wait, to remain; to be delayed (the rains); to linger (an illness). 6. to settle, to be deposited (a solid in a liquid). 7. to be arranged, settled, determined; to improve (health). 8. to be ascertained, established, proved (a fact, a case). 9. to prove to be, to turn out; to have the position or status of. Man ~ , the heart to be calm; to be selfassured, self-possessed.
haakur

[akkura-], m. 1. an idol. 2. a deity; the supreme deity. 3. a lord, or chief; landed proprietor; headman; a person of rank or position. 4. an honorific title or form of address p 411 Thaamanaa [cf H thaamnaa], vt. 1. to stand still, to stop; to be still, quiet. 2. to cease. 3. to be restrained, held in check (as the emotions). 4. to be held, kept (in the hand). 5. to be supported, to rest; to recover oneself (as after stumbling). Thand (f): cold Thappa, m. a slap, blow. ~ maarnaa, or denaa (par), to slap; to strike, to strike (at).

BjZ cqn~f/k : tM+ cqf) : dull headed ; it is not in the dictionary

Tharraa m. country liquor Tharraa m. twisted and thick yarn Tharraa m. big half-baked brick Tharraa m. a kind of rough shoe Thartharaanaa, vi. .1 to shake, to tremble (with fear). 2. to tremble, to quiver Thaur [sthvaavara-], m. a fixed or particular place; locality; place of residence; a place, part (of the body) p 415

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Thik: right, true. 2. fit, proper, appropriate, satisfactory; in good condition; well-fitting. 3. correct; exact. 4. regular, in order; harmonious. 5. certain, established, fixed (an arrangement). 6. adv. Exactly, just; correctly; just so. 7. in a proper manner, fittingly hiknaa [cf.*ikk-], vi. 1. to stop; to be detained. 2. to remain, to stay; to lodge, to put up. 3. to be fixed, set (in place); to be supported (by/se); to lean (against). 4. to last, to endure; not to change, to spoil or to wear out quickly. 5. to be concentrated, intent (the mind) hok [cf H. hoknaa p 414], f. a blow hoknaa, vt. 1. to drive in (as a peg); to hammer home; to strike; to tap. 2. to kick, to score (a goal). 3. to strike against (sg); to slap (as the back); to beat (a drum); to clap (the hands); to hammer on (fetters); to pound, to knead. 4. colloq. to beat, to punish. 5. to test, to examine (as goods). 6. to advance, to urge (a claim against someone) hukraanaa [cf. H. hoknaa], vt. 1. to kick against, to kick away. 2. to reject, to rebuff; to spurn. Thora [cf. stoka-], adj. 1. little, small (of amount); a little. 2. few; a few; not many. 3. insufficient, limited; slight; scarce; not enough. 4. adv. Little; rarely; a little, somewhat. ~ ~ karke, adv. A little at a time, by degrees. ~ hii, thore hii, adv. Little indeed; by no means p471 Tiikhaa, adj. 1. sharp etc. 2. smart, sprightly; racy (p 455) Tiik [S], adj. 1. sharp, cutting; high (tone); shrill. 2. hot, burning; corrosive. 3. spiced, pungent. 4. fine, thin (cloth). 5. bright (light). 6. passionate, ardent; angry. 7. quick of mind; subtle. 8. harsh Tiikta [S], f. 1. sharpness, cutting quality; shrillness. 2. heat. 3. pungency. 4. fineness, thinness. 5. passion, ardour. 6. quickness or sharpness of mind; shrewdness. iaa, m. a grasshopper. iii, f. a grasshoper, or locust. iii-dal, m. swarm of locust ikaanaa [cf H iknaa], vt. 1. to cause to stop; to detain; to check. 2. to cause to remain; to lodge, to place; to put (one up). 3. to fix, to set (in place); to lean (against/se or ke saath). 4. to support, to prop up. 5. colloq. to hand or to slip (to). thikaanaa lagaanaa - to bring to a happy end/conclusion.

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Tiik [S], adj. 1. sharp, cutting; high (tone); shrill. 2. hot, burning; corrosive. 3. spiced, pungent. 4. fine, thin (cloth). 5. bright (light). 6. passionate, ardent; angry. 7. quick of mind; subtle. 8. harsh Tiiktaa [S], f. 1. sharpness, cutting quality; shrillness. 2. heat. 3. pungency. 4 fineness, thinness. 5. passion, ardour. 6. quickness or sharpness of mind; shrewdness Tiras-kaar [S], m. placing beyond or beside: 1.censure; scolding; reproach. 2. disrespect; disdain Tiirth [S], m. 1. a place of pilgrimage (esp. partic. Places along the course of sacred rivers, as the Ganges); a bathing place. 2. pilgrimage. 3. fig. a revered personage. Tiivr [S.], adj. 1. strong, intense; sharp, keen; pungent, harsh; swift; sharp (musical note). 2. ardent, impetuous. 3. excessive. To, conj. 1. (initially in sentence or clause) then, at that time; in that case. 2. but, however. 3. interj. Well, now. 4. (non initially: introduces an idea complementing, or at variance in some way with what precedes) in fact, actually, but. 5. indeed, certainly, just. 6. at any rate, at least, just. 7. moreover. To bhi: conj. Even then, even so, yet, still, nevertheless Nahin to: conj. Otherwise Mein to: as far as I am concerned
Then; at that time; as far as something is concerned; in that case; but; however; well; indeed; certainly; moreover; in fact; actually. The meaning of this word is: in this situation, then. It can be used to emphasise any part of speech.

okrii, f. a basket. Tonaa, vt. 1. to break; to snap, to split; to burst; to tear; to sprain. 2. to break into, to break open (a house, a lock); to break up (ground), to plough. 3. to destroy, to demolish; to lay waste; to kill (a bird or small animal); to take, to capture (as a fort). 4. to break, to reduce; to give change for (money); to factorise. 5. to reduce, to beat down (a price). 6. to ruin, to disgrace; to bankrupt (a person); to brake down (a witness); to humble (pride). 7. to exhaust; to exercise, to strain (the body); to run off, to drain away (water); to weaken. 8. to break off, to tear off (from/se); to gather, to pluck; to pluck or to take out. 9. to commit (an outrage, offence: against/par). 10. to break, to interrupt, to put an end to; to check, to discontinue, to sever (a process or activity, an enterprise, a group, a state, a relationship) Trui f. 1. error, blunder 2. omission 3. flaw, defect 4.shortcoming, deficiency 5. breaking of a vow Tucch, adj.1. empty. *2. worthless, insignificant. 3. base, contemptible

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Tuufaan, m. 1. a storm of wind and rain. 2. a disastrous flood. 3. fig. a calamity. 4. fig. storm (of argument); flood (abuse). ukaa, m. 1. a piece, bit; scap; fragment. 2. a part, section. 3. a piece of bread: subsistence. ~ ~, or uke uke karnaa, to break, to tear, to pull or to cut to pieces p 405 Tulnaa, vi & vt 1. vi, to be weighed. 2. to be balanced against, compared, appraised; to be comparable (with/ke saath). 3. to be balanced, in equilibrium. 4. to be suspended. 5. to be drawn up (as confronting armies). 6. to be resolved (upon/par), to be bent (on). 7. vt. to weight, to value, to appraise &c. Tulnaa [S], f. 1. weighing against, comparison. 2. equivalence, comparability. ~ mein, adv. in comparison (with/kii) Tulniiy [S], adj. comparable Tuly [S], adj. equal; similar (to); comparable (in weight or significance). P458 Turant [turant-], adv.1. quickly; in haste. 2. at once. 3. recently. ~ ka: adj. recent, new. Turiiy [S.], adj. fourth 2. having four parts. 3. chief, main Tuut [cf. H.tuutnaa], f. 1. breaking, fracture. 2. a fragment. 3. breach, rupture (as between friends). 4. loss. 5. Av. error, defect (as in a text). tuut-phuut, f. (pl.) pieces, fragments; tatters; (sg) scrap metal; a break, something amiss (as in a machine). Tuutnaa [trutyati], vi. 1. to be broken, to break; to break off; to be cracked; to snap; to burst; to be damaged; to be demolished; to be ruined. 2. to become separated (from/se: an animal from a flock, a member from a community) in the scene . 3. to be broken off ( a relationship). 4. to come to an end; to fail, to collapse (a firm, institution); to subside (a fever, a price)11. to become weak, infirmp 405 Tyaag [S.], m. 1. leaving, relinquishing. 2. abandoning. 3. renouncing; resignation; abdication. 4. separation; divorce Tyo [conn. Ap. Tima], adv. 1. in the same way, thus, so. 2. at the same time. Tyohii, adv. Just so, just then. .UUU. Ud-aar [S], adj. 1. noble, illustrious. 2. generous, liberal. 3. munificent. 4. pol. liberal; moderate. udaarcarit, adj. noble, generous or liberal (in disposition or action). Udaarcit, adj. high-minded; generous, liberal Ud-dhaar, m. raising, removing: deliverance; salvation. 2. release, discharge (from debt). 3. amelioration

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Ud-yog [S], m. 1. effort, exertion. 2. attempt, endeavour. 3. industry Ujaalaa, m. & adj. 1. m. light; daylight; daybreak, day; light of moon or stars. 2. brightness, splendour; glory. 3. adj. light, moonlit, clear (night). 4. bright, radiant. Ujaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. laid waste, devasted; ruined. 2. deserted, desolate. 3. m. devastation. 4. a ruined place, ruin. 5. a deserted place, wilderness. Ujiyaaraa, m & adj. Brbh. Av. = ujaalaa Ul-laghan [S], m. 1. leaping over or across. 2. overstepping, transgression; violation (of a right, or a frontier). ~ karnaa (kaa), to leap over; to transgress. Umag, f. 1. height of feeling: elation, rapture; exultation. 2. strong desire, ambition. Umra, f: age Un-nati [S], adj. 1. ascent. *2. advance, development ; prosperity. 3. improvement, progress Unglii: f. finger Upaadhi, f. sg. Put in the place (of sg else): 1. philos. Distinguishing property, attribute. *2. title, rank; decoration; degree, diploma. 3. nickname Uupar, p137. apne ~ lanaa, to take on oneself (as a task) Upas, reg. bad smell etc. (cf. ubasnaa) Upa-sthit [S], adj. 1. present; arrived; ready (as to assist in a task). 2. at hand, near; impending. 3. actual, existing. 4. presented, made, proposed (a deposition, a motion). ~ karnaa, to present, to show etc. ~ honaa, to be present etc; to arise; to occur. Up-yog [S], m. 1. application; use, service; usefulness. 2. availability, validity. ~ karnaa (kaa), to use, to employ. Uprama, m. 1. abstinence (from worldly desires). 2. ceasing Uaanaa [uaapayati], vt. 1. to cause to fly; to fly (a kite; an aircraft); to let fly (a bird); to let free. 2. to drive hard, or fast (as a horse, or car). 3. to make off with; to rob (of). 4. to squander; to consume or to spend lavishly (food, resources). 5. to indulge (the senses). 6. to disregard (advice). 7. to conceal (from/se: as a secret). 8. to wield effectively (an implement). 9. to scatter (husk, papers); to frighten away (birds, enemies). 10. to blow up; to destroy; to explode (a bomb). 11. to efface, to obliterate, to remove (as a mark). 12. to knock off (an upper portion); to cut off (the head). 13. to spread, to circulate (a rumor).

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14. to unfurl (a sail, or flag). 15. to get rid of, to dismiss. 16. to take off, to mimic; to copy. 17. to play upon, to deceive. 18. to send flying: to throw (in wrestling) (p118) Urf, adj. common parlance: known as; alias Unaa, vi & adj. 1. vi. To fly: to fly up, to soar; to take flight. 2. to move or to go rapidly; to dart; to fly, to rush (at). 3. to disappear, to vanish: to be lost (as a page from a book); to be exhausted (a supply); to fade (colour); to turn pale (the face, from emotion); to evaporate or to dry in the sun (dew); to be lost (the senses: esp w. jaanaa). 4. to be carried off, stolen. 5. to be squandered; to be consumed or spent lavishly (food, resources). 6. to be indulged (the senses). 7. to be wielded (as fists, a cane, a shoe). 8. to be scattered (as papers); to take flight. 9. to blow up, to explode. 10. to be effaced, obliterated. 11. to be worn out. 12. to be knocked off; to be cut off (the head); to be torn off, or away. 13. to waft, to spread (a fragrance); to become current (news, rumour). 14. to unfurl, to fill (sails); to flap, to flutter (sails, garments). 15. w. calnaa, to be vain, or conceited. 16. to be tricked, deceived (by/se). 17. adj. flying, darting: spreading, raging [uaanaa p 118 above] Utaar [uttaara-], m. 1. descent, decline; slope. 2. landing-place ; ford, ferry ; ferriage, toll. 3. decrease, reduction; fall (prices, flood-water)p120 Utarnaa: to get down, to fall Utaarnaa, vt. 1. to cause to descend or to alight; to set down (as passengers, luggage, burden); to disembark; to help to dismount; hind. To send down (an avataar, into the world) 2. to take across; to ferry across. 3. to take down or off; to cut, to tear, to strip or to break off; to remove, to shed (clothes); to throw off (restraint, or shame). 4. to draw, to run off (a liquid); to channel (water); to extract (an essence, a colour); to distil. 5. to lower, to decrease; to depress (as prices); to assuage (a fever, or intoxication, or a fit of anger); to treat successfully (snake-bite); to vent (ire, spleen: on/par)(p120) Ut-tejit [S], adj. excited, stimulated Utejit karnaa: to excite Uthnaa: vi. 1. to rise, to rise up; to stand up; to get up; to recover. 2. to ascentp117 Uthaan: f.1. rise, ascent; act of appearance. 2. beginning, commencement. 3. height, elevation; attitude. 6. summit, height. Uhaanaa, vt. 1. to lift, to raise; to pick up; to pack up (ones things); to finish (a term of work); to start, to set off. 2. to rear, to foster; to hatch; to breed; to bring up; to train; to educate. 3. to bring into being; to devise; to construct, to build; to build up, to develop. 4. to arouse, to awaken; to cause to get up; to arouse (a feeling). 5. to bear (a burden, a responsibility); to be responsible for (an enterprise); to undertake (a task). 6. to undergo, to experience (suffering); to incur (as risk, debt). 7. to derive, to obtain, to enjoy

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(advantage, happiness). 8. to take in (harvest). 9. to cause to disappear: to consume; to waste, to squander; to dispose of (as a body). 10. to efface, to erase. 11. to abolish; to discontinue (an action, a case); to close (premises). 12. to take away, to remove (from/se); to withdraw (from); to remove from (the world); to carry off, to steal. 13. to raise (a matter, an objection); to start (a quarrel); 14. to neglect, to leave undone (esp. neg.). 15. to display, to exhibit; to bring out clearly. 16. to work or to ferment in (as leaven). 17. to throw up, to cause to fly (a kite, a bird). 18. to set aside or to designate (for a purpose); to give, to bestow, to lease, to rent (to/ko). 19. to take up in the hand (anything held sacred): to swear by (as by sacred water) Ut-saah [S], m. strenght, effort: 1. enthusiasm; zeal. 2. morale Ut-sav [S], m. 1. rejoicing, festivity. *2 festival. 3. ceremony. ~ manaanaa, to celebrate a festival. Uttam [S.], adj. 1. highest; supreme; best. 2. choice, excellent. 3. last Uttar 1/ m. north 2/ m. reply Uttarottar: gradually, continuously, more and more .VVV. Vaa [S], conj. or Vaa, sg. obl. Base. Brbh. That, &c. (see vah) Vaa [P], prefix and adv. U. back (see vaapas); again; open -vaa, suffix (form diminutives: chiefly reg. (E)) = -iyaa, 1., 2. Vaadaa, m. 1. a promise. 2. an agreement; contract. 3. stated period (for discharge of a debt or payment of a sum of money) p913 -vaadii [S], adj. & m. formant. Supporting a partic. viewpoint or cause (see vaad, 3: a point of view, theory (specif. as propounded). eg. samaajvaad, m. socialism. Vaahak [S], adj & m. 1. adj. & m. esp. vaahak. Transporting, carrying; carrier, &c. 2. m. a carrier, haulier. 3. porter Vahan [S], m. 1. carrying, conveying, bearing. 2. transport. 3. a vehicle. 4. flowing (as a stream). 5. phys. Convection. ~ karnaa, to transport, &c; to meet (expenditure) Vahiim [H.vaham = hii], adv. 1. in that very place, right there. 2. at that very moment, then and there. Vaibhav [S], m. 1. superhuman power or might. 2. grandeur, majesty. 3. power. 4. wealth Vairaagy [S], m. freedom from worldly desires, ascetism.

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Vaisaa, pron. adj. & adv. 1. adj. of that sort. ~ hii, adj. of just that sort. 2. adv. vaise. In that manner; in fact; casually, for no special reason (= vaise hii). Vaise to, adv. on the whole, altogether; in fact ( = vaise); in other respect, otherwise. ~ hii, adv. just like this: merely, simply; casually examples p 936 vaitarii [S], f. mythol. name of the river dividing earth from the lower regions ruled over by Yama. Vajah, f. face, aspect: cause; reason. Is ~ se, adv. because of this, for this reason. Kis ~? Adv. why? Vakiil, m. one entrusted: 1. a lawyer; barrister; solicitor. 2. agent representative Vakr [S], adj & m. 1. adj. crooked; winding, meandering. 2. curved, bent; crescent (moon). 3. devious. 4. oblique (as a glance); malevolent. 5. m. winding course (of a river); bend. 6. math. a curve Vaaky [S], m. 1. an utterance. *2. a sentence; a clause -vaalaa, suffix. 1. w. nouns and adverbs (these compounds stand in a general adjectival relationship to a following noun, expressed or understood). 2. w. verbs (these compounds have agentive force) p915 examples Vacit [S], adj. 1. deceived, tricked (by man, or fate). 2. deprived (of/se) Vaaii [S], f. 1. speech, language; the faculty of speech. 2. word. 3. voice. 4. a title of the goddess Sarasvatii Vanmansya: hostility Vaanprasth, m. a braahman in the third or four traditional stages of life (who has left his house and family to live in the forest); a hermit Vansh: dynasty, family line, lineage Vamaavalii: f. genealogical table/tree, genealogy, pedigree, the line of a family Vaapas jaannaa: to go back Vaaqaii, adj. & adv. 1. adj. real, actual, true. 2. adv. really, truly. Vara [S], m. 1. choosing, choice; selection. 2. choice of a bride, or of a bridegroom; arrangement of marriage. ~ karnaa (kaa), to choose Vardaan: blessing (only found in the English/Hindi dictionary)

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Vardhan, m. 1. increase, growth. 2. prosperity, success. 3. rearing (children, young) Varg [S.], m. 1. m. clas, group (of similar things or persons). 2. social group, class. 3. section, chapter (of a book) p909. Vaarttaa [S.], f. 1. conversation. 2. discussion; negotiation. 3. report, information; rumour Vartmn [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. existing, present (time, situation); of the present day. 2. current (month, year). 3. present, confronting (one): a situation. 4. m. the present (time) Vars (m): year Vaas, m. 1. residing, residence. 2. place of residence. ~ karnaa, to reside Vaas, m. fragrance Vaas, m. clothes, dress. Vasan [S], m. clothing Vaasan [S], m. 1. clothing 2. a garment Vasan [S], m. dwelling-place Vaiibhuut, adj. see s.v. va. Become subject: helpless, enchanted Va, m. 1. power (= 2. vas). 2. state of subjection. 3. in comp. because of, out of. P910. Vaiikara [S.], m. overpowering, subjugating; enchanting Vaastaa, m. sg. Intermediate or between: 1. connection, business, concern, dealing(s). 2. motive, reason, occasion. P916 Vaastav [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. real, essential; actual; genuine. 2. m. reality Vaastav mein: adv. In reality, actually. Vaastvik [S], adj. real, &c. ~ banaanaa, to realise (an objective, a dream) Vastr, [S], m. 1. cloth; material. *2. clothes Vastu [S], f. 1. anything real or existent; essence, substance. 2. a thing, object, article; pl. goods; possessions. 3. a commodity. P 911 Vasudhaa f. see s.v. vasu Vasu [S], m. name of a partic. class of Vedic gods; wealth: vasudhaa, f. wealth-holder: the earth. Vasumatii, f. having riches: the earth. Vaat [S], m. 1. wind; air. 2. wind as a bodily humour. 3. rheumatism; gout. Vaat-jaat, adj. Brbh. Wind-born: a title of Hanumaan. P 913 Vaataavara, m. air-covering: atmosphere (also fig.)

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Vats [S], m. 1. a calf. 2. (as an endearment) dear child. Vaaydaa m. 1. promise 2. agreement. 3. commitment. 4. bargain. Vaayu [S], f. m. 1. air. 2. wind. 3. one of the traditional airs or humours of the body. ~maal, m. the atmosphere Ve [S], m. 1. dress (= ve ). 2. outward form ; disguise. P 935 Veyaa [S], f. a prostitute Vi-bhia [S], m. mythol. Terrifying: name of a brother of Ravan. Vi-bhiikaa [S], f. a frightening display; a threat. Vi-calit [S], adj. 1. moved, shifted. 2. inconstant. 3. deviated (from/se); strayed Vi-caar [S.], m. 1. thought, reflection. 2. a thought, idea. 3. opinion (concerning/ke baare men). 4. usu. pl. cast or trend of thoughts, viewpoint. 5. consideration (of a matter) ~ karnaa, to think, to reflect; to give consideration (to/par. kaa)p919 Vi-citr [S.], adj. 1. variegated. *2. strange, unusual; peculiar. 3. wonderful, surprising Vidaaii [cf. H. vidaa], f. farewelling, farewell Vi-dhaataa, m. inv. 1. ordainer, arranger. 2. Brahmaa (as Creator and Ordainer). vi-dhi [S], f. (m, pl.). 1. rule, form, ordinance. 2. law, statute. 3. a rite, ceremony. 4. method, manner. 5. a title of Brahma; fate, destiny. 6. fig. what is ordained (for one, in life); horoscope Vidvaan [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. learned. 2. m. a scholar Vidya [S], f. 1. knowledge, learning; study. 2. a field of knowledge; science. 3. a particular skill or art; a spell. 4. a title of the goddess Durgaa. Vidyadhar, hind. possessed of learning, or of spells: a kind of supernatural being attendant on Shiva and other deities, demigod. Vidya-daataa, m. inv. Teacher, preceptor p 921 Vi-ghaan [S], m. 1. breaking up; destruction, ruin. 2. disintegration (of a structure); decomposition (of a substance). 3. dissolution (of any group or entity). vi-ghaanshiil, adj. radioactive, vi-ghaanshiiltaa, f. Vi-ghait [S], adj. broken up etc. (p 918)

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Vi-grah [S], m. 1. separation. 2. quarrel, strife. 3. gram. resolution of a compound word into its parts. *4. a stretching out: control (of persons, or forces). 5. a division, part. 6. individual form or shape (as of a god): an idol. ~ honaa, control or discipline to be exercised (over/kaa); &c. Vi-jaan [S], m. 1. philos. acquired knowledge of the world (as distinct from knowledge of brahman acquired by meditation and study). *2. science Vi-jaanii [S], m. a scientist Vi-kalp [S], m. 1. alternative, option. 2. uncertainty, ambiguity; doubt. 3. error Vi-kaar [S], m. 1. change. *2. specif. change for the worse, deterioration (esp. of health). 3. damage, harm (as to health). 4. disorder, sickness; an abnormality. 5. Av. Agitation of mind. 6. an altered form; gram. a declined or conjugated form. Vi-kraal [S], adj. adj. hideous. 2. most fearsome, dreadful. Vi-kriti [S], f. 1. change. 2. impairment (as of health); defect. 3. mutilation, maiming. 4. deformed. 5. disordered (health, or mind). 5. agitation of mind. 6. distortion; caricature Vi-khyaat [S], adj. 1. famous, celebrated; well known as, named (as). 2. notorious. Vi-laka [S], adj. 1. having different, or distinguishing characteristics: strange, extraordinary. 2. astonishing Vi-naa, m. 1. utter destruction; annhihilation; laying waste. 2. dire state. 3. death Viral [S], adj. 1. having gaps; of open weave (cloth); open, not dense (as a wood). *2. rarely met with (as an unusual or odd person). Viiry [S], m. 1. courage; strength, vigour; virility. 2. seminal fluid. 3. seed (of plants) p933 Vi-rodh [S], m. 1. opposition; resistance. 2. conflict (as of opinions); inconsistency. 3. hostility, enmity. ~ karnaa (kaa), to oppose, to resist. Virodhaabhaas, m. appearance of contradiction; contradiction, paradox; contrast. Virud [S]. m. fame, glory Vi-ruddh [S], adj. & ppn. 1. adj. opposed, opposing; hostile. 2. unfavourable, unpropitious. 3. contrary, inconsistent (to or with/se: as actiona, views). 4. ppn. w. ke. Against, opposed, hostile (to)

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Vi-say [S.] m 1. subject, matter, topic particular subject (as to study). 2. object of concern; affair, matter. 3. worldly or sensual enjoyment; sensuality. 5. philo. Any of the five object of sensep931. Vishaal [S.], adj. 1. broad, extensive. *2. vast, huge. 3. grand, great. Vi-e [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. particular, special, distinctive; unususal, exceptional. 2. choice, excellent. 3. esp. adv. Extreme(ly). 4. m. characteristic difference or feature, special quality. 5. -vi-e particular kind or type p930 Vi-staar, m. 1. spreading, spread; expansion. 2. extent. 3. expansion, development (of an organisation, an activity). 4. amplitude; detail. Vi-vaas, m. 1. trust, confidence, reliance. 2. faith; belief Vitaa/ Vitaavaad m. 1. sophistry 2. frivolous or perverse argumentation, ungainly or fallacious controversy. Vi-vaah [S], m. marriage. ~ karnaa, to arrange the marriage (of, kaa; to, se); to marry. Vi-va [S], adj. 1. powerless, helpless. 2. involuntary. 3. not to be averted or deferred (a time). ~ hokar, adv. having no power, or choice (in a matter) Vi-vtaa [S], f. powerlessness, helplessness. Vddh, adj. & m. increased: 1. adj. advanced in years, old. 2. grown up, full grown. 3. m. an old man. Vddhi, f. 1. growth, increase; development. 2. prosperity, success. 3. fin. Interest. 4. gram. A Sanskrit derivational process of lengthening or change of vowels whereby related words based on a single root are formed. Vtti, f. a turning: 1. state, condition. 2. behaviour, conduct; mode or habit of life. 3. natural tendency; instinct. 4. business, employment; profession. 5. means of subsistence; allowance; pension. 6. commentary (on a text). 7. partic. Usage (of a term or expression) Gyan meaning: attitude, vibration Vtti f. 1. disposition, mentality 2. instinct. -vtti, adj. & m. formant. Having a partic. Mode of life or conduct p933. Vy-abhi-caar [S], m. deviation, transgression: vice, specif. adultery. Vy-abhi-caarii [S], adj & m. going apart or away: 1. adj. dissolute; vicious. *2. adulterous. 3. rhet. Short-lived (feeling or state). 4. an adulterer, &c.

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Vy-aa-khyaa [S], f. 1. explanation, exposition. 2. commenting, commentary; interpretation p938 Vy-akti, m. f. a person; a particular person Vyakti-nisth, adj. subjective p937 Vyakti-gat, adj. personal; private (as property); individual (as opposed to collective). Vy-aktitv [S], m. 1. personality. 2. individuality Vy-aa-paar [S], m. 1. occupation, business; trade; profession. 2. activity, act, action. 3. undertaking, enterprise; transaction. 4. trade, commerce, business. ~karnaa, to to trade, et. Vy-arth [S.], adj. useless, vain (an attempt etc.); pointeless, senseless. Vy-aas [S], m. 2. arranger: mythol. Name of a divine sage regarded as the compiler of the Vedas; title of any great compiler; reciter or singer (of a long traditional tale) Vy-av-haar [S.], m. 1. action, act. 2. customary practice, or usage. *3. conduct, behaviour; manner, bearing (towards a person); treatment (of). 4. relationship, dealings (as in business, trade). 5. use. 6. a case, action (in law). Vy-aa-khyaa [S], f. 1. explanation, exposition. 2. commenting, commentary; interpretation .YYY. Yaadgaar: memorial Yajaku m. a fire pit or receptacle for performance of a yaja sacrificial hearth (hearth is a fireplace, comfy connotation) Yaatraa [S], f. 1. going, proceeding. *2. journey; expedition; pilgrimage. 3. travel. 4. a group of pilgrims. 5. a procession of idols. 6. (in Bengal) a popular dramatic entertainment featuring dance and song. Yam [S.], m. esp. yam. Restraint; self control. Yathaarth = yathaa : exact + arth : signification Yogy [S], adj. 1. suitable, suited (for/ke). 2. capable (of/ke); able; gifted. 3. worthy (of/ke, &c). dekhne ~ worth seeing

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Yo, adv. 1. thus. 2. well, in fact, actually. ~ to, adv = ~, 2.; in the first place; in this case; generally speaking. ~ bhii, adv. as normal, usually. ~ hii, adv. just in this way; casually, simply; cursorily; by chance. ~ hii sahii, be it so, as you please. Yoni [S], f. 1. the womb. 2. the female genital organs. 3. birth; rebirth, reincarnation. 4. source, origin Yugal [S], m. 1. a pair, couple. 2. a twin Yukti [S], f. 1. joining; connection; union; combination. 2. application, use; practice, usage. 3. appliance, means, device. 4. expedient; trick; stratagem. 5. fitness, suitability. 6. dexterity, ingenuity; skill. 7. policy. 8. reasoning, argument; inference. .ZZZ. Zabar, adj. upper, superior; great, larger. Zabardast, adj. having the upper hand: strong; high-handed, overbearing; oppressive (as rule); overwhelming (as superiority); strict (an order); colloq. tough (a question); colloq. vast, massive. Zabardastii, f. & adv. force, compulsion; high-handedness, oppression; forcibly; unjustly; arbitrarily. ~ karnaa, to use force (with or toward/par), to compel; to oppress. Zaahir, adj. 1. evident, apparent. 2. conspicuous. 3. outward, obtensible. ~ karnaa, to make (sg) clear; to reveal, to disclose (to,se); to publish; to expose; to make a show off, to affect. ~ men, adv. openly; in public; ostensibly. ~ hai ki, it is clear that Zamiin, f. 1. earth, ground; soil. 2. land, tract; terrain. 3. background (as to a picture). 4. foundation, groundwork. 5. the earth, world. Zajiir [P. zanjiir], f. 1. a chain. 2. a fetter, fetters. Zaraa [A. zarra], adj. inv. 1. adj. esp. ~ saa, a little (of). 2. unimportant, insignificant; trivial. 3. adv. a little. 4. just: would you mind, please. ~ bhii nahin, adv. not in the slightest Zarraa [A. zarra], m. particle; atom Zaruur, adv. 1. certainly, of course. 2. without fail; at all cost. Unko jaanaa ~ hai: he must certainly go Zaruurat, f. 1. need, necessity, want; lack Zaruuriyaat, f. pl. necessities

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Zikr [A. zikr], m. 1. mention; report, account. 2. remembrance, thinking of God (in Sufism). ~ karnaa (kaa), to mention, to speak (of) Zindaa, adj. inv. 1. living, alive. 2. full of life; active p 371 Zindagii, f. life; lifetime. Zor (pronounced jor by Baba) (m): force, strength Zor se (jor se): with force, loudly Zyaadaa, adj. inv. 1. more; very many, a lot, much (of). 2. too many. 3. adv. Much; very much, very often, a lot. 4. too much. ~ karnaa, vt. To increase. ~ honaa, to abound; to be in excess. Itnaa ~, adj. & adv. As much as this. Kahin ~, adv. How much more! Very much more. ~ se ~, adj. & adv. More than many, or much: most of; overmuch; at most. Zyaadaatar, adj. adv. Most (of); most commonly, very often; for the most part.

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