Section 2 PDF

SECTION 2 VARYING LOADS AND STRESS CONCENTRATIONS
Page 1 of 62
VARYING STRESSES NO CONCENTRATION

DESIGN PROBLEMS

141. The maximum pressure of air in a 20-in. cylinder (double-acting air compressor)
is 125 psig. What should be the diameter of the piston rod if it is made of AISI
3140, OQT at 1000 F, and if there are no stress raisers and no column action? Let
75 . 1 = N ; indefinite life desired. How does your answer compare with that
obtained for 4?

Solution:
For AISI 3140, OQT 1000 F
ksi s
u
153 =
ksi s
y
134 =

( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 76 153 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
For axial loading, with size factor
( )( )( ) ksi s s
u n
52 5 . 76 85 . 0 8 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
Soderberg line
n
a
y
m
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

For double-acting
( ) ( ) kips lb pA F F 27 . 39 270 , 39 20
4
125
2
max
= =
|
\
|
= = =

kips F F 27 . 39
min
= =
0 =
m
s
( )
2 2 2
50 27 . 39 4 4
d d d
F
s
a
= = =

52
50
0
75 . 1
1 1
2
|
\
|
+ = =
d
N

in d 2972 . 1 =
say in d
16
5
1 =
comparative to Problem 4.

142. A link as shown is to be made of AISI 2330, WQT 1000 F. The load kips F 5 =
is repeated and reversed. For the time being, ignore stress concentrations. (a) If
its surface is machined, what should be its diameter for 40 . 1 = N . (b) The same
as (a), except that the surface is mirror polished. What would be the percentage
saving in weight? (c) The same as (a), except that the surface is as forged.
Page 2 of 62

Prob. 142 144

Solution:
For AISI 2330, WQT 1000 F
ksi s
u
105 =
ksi s
y
85 =

( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 52 105 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
0 =
m
s
( )
2 2 2
20 5 4 4
d d d
F
s
a

= = =
Soderberg line
n
a
y
m
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

n
a
s
s
N
+ = 0
1

N
s
s
n
a
=
Size factor = 0.85
Factor for axial loading = 0.80

(a) Machined surface
Surface factor = 0.85 (Fig. AF 5)
( )( )( )( ) ksi ksi s s
u n
345 . 30 5 . 52 85 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
4 . 1
345 . 30 20
2
= =
D
s
a

in D 542 . 0 =
say in D
16
9
=
(b) Mirror polished surface
( )( )( )( ) ksi ksi s s
u n
7 . 35 5 . 52 00 . 1 85 . 0 80 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
4 . 1
7 . 35 20
2
= =
D
s
a

Page 3 of 62
in D 5 . 0 =
Savings in weight = ( ) % 21 % 100
16
9
2
1
16
9
2
2 2
=
|
\
|
|
\
|
\
|

(c) As forged surface
( )( )( )( ) ksi ksi s s
u n
28 . 14 5 . 52 40 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
4 . 1
28 . 14 20
2
= =
D
s
a

in D 79 . 0 =
say in D
4
3
=

143. The same as 142, except that, because of a corrosive environment, the link is
made from cold-drawn silicon bronze B and the number of reversals of the load
is expected to be less than 3 x 10
7
.

Solution:
For cold-drawn silicon bronze, Type B.
ksi s
n
30 = at 3 x 10
8
ksi s
y
69 =
ksi s
u
75 . 93 =
n
s at 3 x 10
7
( ) ksi 5 . 36
10 3
10 3
30
085 . 0
7
8
=
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
82 . 24 5 . 36 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
4 . 1
82 . 24 20
2
= =
D
s
a

in D 60 . 0 =
say in D
8
5
=

144. The same as 142, except that the link is made of aluminum alloy 2024-T4 with a
minimum life of 10
7
cycles.

Solution:
For AA 2024-T4
ksi s
y
47 =
ksi s
u
68 =
ksi s
n
20 = at 5 x10
8
Page 4 of 62

n
s at 10
7
( ) ksi 9 . 27
10
10 5
20
085 . 0
7
8
=
|
|
\
|

( )( )( ) ksi s
n
19 9 . 27 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
4 . 1
19 20
2
= =
D
s
a

in D 685 . 0 =
say in D
16
11
=

145. A shaft supported as a simple beam, 18 in. long, is made of carburized AISI 3120
steel (Table AT 10). With the shaft rotating, a steady load of 2000 lb. is appliled
midway between the bearings. The surfaces are ground. Indefinite life is desired
with 6 . 1 = N based on endurance strength. What should be its diameter if there
are no surface discontinuities?

Solution:

For AISI 3120 steel, carburized
ksi s
n
90 =
ksi s
y
100 =
ksi s
u
141 =

Size Factor = 0.85
Surface factor (ground) = 0.88
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
32 . 67 90 88 . 0 85 . 0 = =
0 =
m
s
3
32
D
M
s
a
=
( )( )
kips in lb in
FL
M = = = = 0 . 9 9000
4
18 2000
4

Soderberg line
n
a
y
m
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

Page 5 of 62
n
a
s
s
N
+ = 0
1

N
s
s
n
a
=
( )
6 . 1
32 . 67 9 32
3
=
D

in D 2964 . 1 =
say in D
4
1
1 =

146. (a) A lever as shown with a rectangular section is to be designed for indefinite
life and a reversed load of lb F 900 = . Find the dimensions of a section without
discontinuity where t b 8 . 2 = and in L 14 = . for a design factor of 2 = N . The
material is AISI C1020, as rolled, with an as-forged surface. (b) compute the
dimensions at a section where in e 4 = .

Problems 146, 147
Solution:
For AISI C1020, as rolled
ksi s
u
65 =
ksi s
y
48 =
ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 5 . 0 = =
Surface factor (as forged) = 0.55

(a) 0 =
m
s
I
Mc
s
a
=
( )
4
3 3
8293 . 1
12
8 . 2
12
t
t t tb
I = = =
t
t b
c 4 . 1
2
8 . 2
2
= = =
( )( ) kips in lb in FL M = = = = 6 . 12 600 , 12 14 900
( )( )
3 4
643 . 9
8293 . 1
4 . 1 6 . 12
t t
t
s
a
= =
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
20 . 15 5 . 32 55 . 0 85 . 0 = =
Page 6 of 62

Soderberg line
n
a
y
m
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

n
a
s
s
N
+ = 0
1

N
s
s
n
a
=
2
20 . 15 643 . 9
3
=
t

in t 08 . 1 =
( ) in t b 0 . 3 08 . 1 8 . 2 8 . 2 = = =
say in t
16
1
1 = , in b 0 . 3 =

(b) ( )( ) kips in lb in Fe M = = = = 6 . 3 600 , 3 4 900
( )( )
3 4
755 . 2
18293
4 . 1 6 . 3
t t
t
s
a
= =
2
20 . 15 755 . 2
3
=
t

in t 713 . 0 =
( ) in t b 996 . 1 713 . 0 8 . 2 8 . 2 = = =
say in t
32
23
= , in b 2 =

147. The same as 146, except that the reversal of the load are not expected to exceed
10
5
(Table AT 10).

Solution:
ksi s
n
5 . 32 =
n
s at 10
5
( ) ksi 5 . 39
10
10
5 . 32
085 . 0
5
6
=
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
5 . 18 5 . 39 55 . 0 85 . 0 = =

(a)
N
s
s
n
a
=
2
5 . 18 643 . 9
3
=
t

Page 7 of 62
in t 014 . 1 =
( ) in t b 839 . 2 014 . 1 8 . 2 8 . 2 = = =
say in t 1 = , in b
16
13
2 =

(b)
N
s
s
n
a
=
2
5 . 18 755 . 2
3
=
t

in t 6678 . 0 =
( ) in t b 870 . 1 6678 . 0 8 . 2 8 . 2 = = =
say in t
16
11
= , in b
8
7
1 =

148. A shaft is to be subjected to a maximum reversed torque of 15,000 in-lb. It is
machined from AISI 3140 steel, OQT 1000 F (Fig. AF 2). What should be its
diameter for 75 . 1 = N ?

Solution:
For AISI 3140 steel, OQT 1000 F
ksi s
u
152 =
ksi s
y
134 =
ksi s s
u n
76 5 . 0 = =
For machined surface,
Surface factor = 0.78
Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
ns
3 . 53 134 78 . 0 85 . 0 6 . 0 = =
( ) ksi s s
y ys
4 . 80 134 6 . 0 6 . 0 = = =
ns
as
ys
ms
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

0 =
ms
s
3
16
D
T
s
as
=
kips in T =15
( )
3 3
240 15 16
D D
s
as

= =
ns
as
s
s
N
+ = 0
1

N
s
s
ns
as
=
Page 8 of 62
75 . 1
3 . 53 240
3
=
D

in D 3587 . 1 =
say in D
8
3
1 =

149. The same as 148, except that the shaft is hollow with the outside diameter twice
the inside diameter.

Solution:
i o
D D 2 =
( )
( )( )
( ) [ ]
3 4 4 4 4
32
2
2 15 16 16
i i i
i
i o
o
as
D D D
D
D D
TD
s

=
=
N
s
s
ns
as
=
75 . 1
3 . 53 32
3
=
i
D

in D
i
694 . 0 =
say in D
i
16
11
= , in D
o
8
3
1 =

150. The link shown is machined from AISI 1035 steel, as rolled, and subjected to a
repeated tensile load that varies from zero to 10 kips; b h 2 = . (a) Determine these
dimensions for 40 . 1 = N (Soderberg) at a section without stress concentration.
(b) How much would these dimensions be decreased if the surfaces of the link
were mirror polished?

Problems 150, 151, 158.
Solution:
For AISI 1035, steel as rolled
ksi s
u
85 =
ksi s
y
55 =
ksi s s
u n
5 . 42 5 . 0 = =

Page 9 of 62
( ) kips F
m
5 0 10
2
1
= + =
( ) kips F
a
5 0 10
2
1
= =
2 2
3
10
5 . 1
5
b b bh
F
s
m
m
= = =
2 2
3
10
5 . 1
5
b b bh
F
s
a
a
= = =
(a) Soderberg line
n
a
y
m
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

For machined surface,
Factor = 0.88

Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
4 . 25 5 . 42 88 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
( ) ( ) 4 . 25 3
10
55 3
10
40 . 1
1
2 2
b b
+ =

in b 5182 . 0 =
say in b
16
9
=
in b h
32
27
5 . 1 = =

(b) Mirror polished,
Factor = 1.00

Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
9 . 28 5 . 42 00 . 1 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
( ) ( ) 9 . 28 3
10
55 3
10
40 . 1
1
2 2
b b
+ =

in b 4963 . 0 =
say in b
2
1
=
in b h
4
3
5 . 1 = =

151. The same as 150, except that the link operates in brine solution. (Note: The
corroding effect of the solution takes precedence over surface finish.)

Page 10 of 62
Solution:
Table AT 10, in brine, AISI 1035,
ksi s
n
6 . 24 =
ksi s
y
58 =
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
73 . 16 6 . 24 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
( ) ( ) 73 . 16 3
10
55 3
10
40 . 1
1
2 2
b b
+ =

in b 60 . 0 =
say in b
8
5
=
in b h
16
15
5 . 1 = =

152. The simple beam shown, 30-in. long ( d L a + + = ), is made of AISI C1022 steel,
as rolled, left a forged. At in a 10 = , . 3000
1
lb F = is a dead load. At
in d 10 = , . 2400
2
lb F = is repeated, reversed load. For 5 . 1 = N , indefinite life,
and b h 3 = , determine b and h . (Ignore stress concentration).

Problem 152, 153

Solution:
ksi s
u
72 =
ksi s
y
52 =
ksi s s
u n
36 5 . 0 = =
For as forged surface
Figure AF 5, factor = 0.52
Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
16 36 52 . 0 85 . 0 = =
Loading:
Page 11 of 62

= 0
A
M
( ) ( )
2
30 2400 20 3000 10 R = +
lb R 2600
2
=
= 0
V
F
2 1 2 1
F F R R + = +
2400 3000 2600
1
+ = + R
lb R 2800
1
=
Shear Diagram

( )( ) kips in lb in M
C
= = = 28 000 , 28 10 2800
1

D
= = = 26 000 , 26 10 2600
1

Then
Loading

= 0
A
M
( ) ( ) 2400 20 30 3000 10
2
= + R
lb R 600
2
=
= 0
V
F
2 1 2 1
R F F R + = +
600 3000 2400
1
+ = + R
lb R 1200
1
=
Page 12 of 62
Shear Diagram

C
= = = 12 000 , 12 10 1200
2

D
= = = 6 000 , 6 10 600
2

Then using
kips in M M
C
= = 28
1
max

kips in M M
C
= = 12
2
min

( ) ( ) kips in M M M
m
= + = + = 20 12 28
2
1
2
1
min max

( ) ( ) kips in M M M
a
= = = 8 12 28
2
1
2
1
min max

I
c M
s
m
m
= ,
I
c M
s
a
a
=
( )
4
3 3
25 . 2
12
3
12
b
b b bh
I = = =
b
h
c 5 . 1
2
= =
3
5 . 1 b
M
s
m
m
= ,
3
5 . 1 b
M
s
a
a
=
n
a
y
m
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

16
5 . 1
8
52
5 . 1
20
5 . 1
1
3 3
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
b b

in b 96 . 0 =
say in b 1 =
in b h 3 3 = =

153. The same as 152, except that the cycles of
2
F will not exceed 100,000 and all
surfaces are machined.

Solution:
Page 13 of 62
n
s at 10
5
cycles ( ) ksi 8 . 43
10
10
36
085 . 0
5
6
=
|
|
\
|
=
ksi s
u
72 =
Machined surface, factor = 0.90
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
5 . 33 8 . 43 90 . 0 85 . 0 = =
5 . 33
5 . 1
8
52
5 . 1
20
5 . 1
1
3 3
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
b b

in b 8543 . 0 =
say in b
8
7
=
in b h
8
5
2 3 = =

154. A round shaft, made of cold-finished AISI 1020 steel, is subjected to a variable
torque whose maximum value is 6283 in-lb. For 5 . 1 = N on the Soderberg
criterion, determine the diameter if (a) the torque is reversed, (b) the torque varies
from zero to a maximum, (c) the torque varies from 3141 in-lb to maximum.

Solution:
For AISI 1020, cold-finished
ksi s
u
78 =
ksi s
y
66 =
ksi s s
u n
39 5 . 0 = =
size factor = 0.85
( )( )( ) ksi s
ns
20 39 85 . 0 6 . 0 = =
( ) ksi s s
y ys
40 66 6 . 0 6 . 0 = = =
ns
as
ys
ms
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

(a) Reversed torque
0 =
ms
s
3
16
D
T
s
as
=
lb in T = 6283
( )
ksi
D
psi
D D
s
as 3 3 3
32 000 , 32 6283 16
= = =

ns
as
s
s
N
+ = 0
1

Page 14 of 62
20
32
0
5 . 1
1
3
|
\
|
+ =
D

in D 34 . 1 =
say in D
8
3
1 =

(b) 0
min
= T , lb in T = 6283
max

( ) lb in T
m
= = 3141 6283
2
1

( ) lb in T
a
= = 3141 6283
2
1

( )
ksi
D
psi
D D
s
ms 3 3 3
16 000 , 16 3141 16
= = =

( )
ksi
D
psi
D D
s
as 3 3 3
16 000 , 16 3141 16
= = =

20
16
40
16
5 . 1
1
3 3
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
D D

in D 22 . 1 =
say in D
4
1
1 =

(c) lb in T = 3141
min
, lb in T = 6283
max

( ) lb in T
m
= + = 4712 3141 6283
2
1

( ) lb in T
a
= = 1571 3141 6283
2
1

( )
ksi
D
psi
D D
s
ms 3 3 3
24 000 , 24 4712 16
= = =

( )
ksi
D
psi
D D
s
as 3 3 3
8 000 , 8 1571 16
= = =

20
8
40
24
5 . 1
1
3 3
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
D D

in D 145 . 1 =
say in D
32
5
1 =

Page 15 of 62
CHECK PROBLEMS

155. A simple beam 2 ft. long is made of AISI C1045 steel, as rolled. The dimensions
of the beam, which is set on edge, are 1 in. x 3 in. At the midpoint is a repeated,
reversed load of 4000 lb. What is the factor of safety?

Solution:
ksi s
u
96 =
ksi s
y
59 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
48 96 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
size factor = 0.85
( )( ) ksi s
n
8 . 40 48 85 . 0 = =
n
a
y
m
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

0 =
m
s
2
6
bh
M
s
a
=
in h 3 =
in b 1 =
( )( )
kips in lb in
FL
M = = = = 24 000 , 24
4
24 4000
4

( )
( )( )
ksi s
a
16
3 1
24 6
2
= =
8 . 40
16
0
1
+ =
N

55 . 2 = N

156. The same as 155, except that the material is normalized and tempered cast steel,
SAE 080.

Solution:
Table AT 6
ksi s
n
35 =

ksi s
y
40 =
( )( ) ksi s
n
75 . 29 35 85 . 0 = =
75 . 29
16
0
1
+ =
N

86 . 1 = N

157. A 1 -in. shaft is made of AISI 1045 steel, as rolled. For 2 = N , what repeated
and reversed torque can the shaft sustain indefinitely?
Page 16 of 62
Solution:
For AISI 1045, as rolled
ksi s
u
96 =
ksi s
y
59 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
48 96 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =

( )( )( ) ksi s
ns
48 . 24 48 85 . 0 6 . 0 = =
( )( ) ksi s s
y ys
4 . 35 59 6 . 0 6 . 0 = = =
ns
as
ys
ms
s
s
s
s
N
+ =
1

0 =
ms
s
48 . 24
0
2
1
as
s
+ =
ksi s
as
24 . 12 =
24 . 12
16
3
= =
D
T
s
as

kips in T = 8

VARIABLE STRESSES WITH STRESS CONCENTRATIONS

DESIGN PROBLEMS

158. The load on the link shown (150) is a maximum of 10 kips, repeated and
reversed. The link is forged from AISI C020, as rolled, and it has a in-hole
drilled on the center line of the wide side. Let b h 2 = and 5 . 1 = N . Determine b
and h at the hole (no column action) (a) for indefinite life, (b) for 50,000
repetitions (no reversal) of the maximum load, (c) for indefinite life but with a
ground and polished surface. In this case, compute the maximum stress.

Solution:
ksi s
u
65 =
ksi s
y
48 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 65 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
2 . 12 5 . 32 55 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

Page 17 of 62
Fig. AF 8, 1 > h b
Assume 5 . 3 =
t
K
Figure AF 7, in in
d
r 125 . 0
8
1
2
= = =
in a 01 . 0 =
926 . 0
125 . 0
01 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 3 . 3 1 1 5 . 3 926 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
0 =
m
s
( ) ( ) 25 . 0 2
10
=
b b d h b
F
s
a

(a)
n
a f
s
s K
N
+ = 0
1

( )( )
( )( ) 2 . 12 25 . 0 2
10 3 . 3
0
5 . 1
1
+ =
b b

06 . 4 25 . 0 2
2
= b b
0 03 . 2 125 . 0
2
= b b
in b 489 . 1 =
say in b
2
1
1 = , in b h 3 2 = =

(b) For 50,000 repetitions or 50,000 cycles
( ) ksi s
n
74 . 15
10 5
10
2 . 12
085 . 0
4
6
=
|
|
\
|
=
( )
( )
( )
0 . 2
10
10 5
10
3 . 3 log
3 3 . 3 log
4
log
3 log
=
= =
f
f
K
K
fl
n
K
n
a fl
s
s K
N
=
1

( )( )
( )( ) 74 . 15 25 . 0 2
10 0 . 2
5 . 1
1
=
b b

906 . 1 25 . 0 2
2
= b b
0 953 . 0 125 . 0
2
= b b
in b 04 . 1 =
say in b
16
1
1 = , in b h
8
1
2 2 = =

(c) For indefinite life, ground and polished surface
Page 18 of 62
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
20 5 . 32 90 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
n
a f
s
s K
N
=
1

( )( )
( )( ) 20 25 . 0 2
10 3 . 3
5 . 1
1
=
b b

0 2375 . 1 125 . 0
2
= b b
in b 18 . 1 =
say in b
16
3
1 = , in b h
8
3
2 2 = =
Maximum stress =
( ) d h b
F K
f

1 > h b , 105 . 0 375 . 2 25 . 0 = = h d
Figure AF 8
5 . 3 =
t
K
( ) ( ) 315 . 3 1 1 5 . 3 926 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
( )( )
( )
ksi s 14 . 13
25 . 0 375 . 2 1875 . 1
10 315 . 3
max
=
=

159. A connecting link as shown, except that there is a 1/8-in. radial hole drilled
through it at the center section. It is machined from AISI 2330, WQT 1000 F, and
it is subjected to a repeated, reversed axial load whose maximum value is 5 kips.
For 5 . 1 = N , determine the diameter of the link at the hole (a) for indefinite life;
(b) for a life of 10
5
repetitions (no column action). (c) In the link found in (a)
what is the maximum tensile stress?

Problem 159

Solution:
For AISI 2330, WQT 1000 F
ksi s
u
135 =
ksi s
y
126 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 67 135 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
For machined surface, Fig. AF 7, surface factor = 0.80
Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
72 . 36 5 . 67 80 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
Page 19 of 62
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

Fig. AF 8, 1 > h b
Assume 5 . 2 =
t
K
Figure AF 7, in in
d
r 0625 . 0
16
1
2
= = =
in a 0025 . 0 =
96 . 0
0625 . 0
0025 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 44 . 2 1 1 5 . 2 96 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
(a) Indefinite life, 44 . 2 =
f
K
ksi s
n
72 . 36 =
0 =
m
s
( )
D D
D D
Dd D
F
Dd
D
F
s
a
5 . 0
20
8
1
4
5 4
4
4
4
2
2
2 2
=
|
\
|

n
a f
s
s K
N
+ = 0
1

( )( )
( ) D D 5 . 0 72 . 36
20 44 . 2
5 . 1
1
2

00 . 2 5 . 0
2
= D D
in D 88 . 0 =
say in D
8
7
=

(b) For a life of 10
5
repetitions or cycles
( ) ksi s
n
66 . 44
10
10
72 . 36
085 . 0
5
6
=
|
|
\
|
=
( )
( )
( )
81 . 1
10
10
10
44 . 2 log
3 4 . 2 log
5
log
3 log
= = =
f
f
K
K
fl
n
K
n
a fl
s
s K
N
=
1

( )( )
( ) D D 5 . 0 66 . 44
20 81 . 1
5 . 1
1
2

216 . 1 5 . 0
2
= D D
in D 71 . 0 =
Page 20 of 62
say in D
4
3
=

(c)
D D
F K
s
f
5 . 0
4
2 max

in D
8
7
= , 14 . 0
875 . 0
125 . 0
= =
D
d

Figure AF 8
6 . 2 =
t
K
( ) ( ) 54 . 2 1 1 6 . 2 96 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
( )( )
ksi s 82 . 25
8
7
5 . 0
8
7
5 54 . 2 4
2 max
=
|
\
|
\
|
=

160. A machine part of uniform thickness 5 . 2 b t = is shaped as shown and machined
all over from AISI C1020, as rolled. The design is for indefinite life for a load
repeated from 1750 lb to 3500 lb. Let b d = . (a) For a design factor of 1.8
(Soderberg), what should be the dimensions of the part? (b) What is the
maximum tensile stress in the part designed?

Problems 160, 161
Solution:
ksi s
u
65 =
ksi s
y
48 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 65 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =

For machined surface
Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
20 5 . 32 90 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

(a) For flat plate with fillets
Figure AF 9
3 3
d b
r = =
Page 21 of 62
333 . 0
3
1
= =
d
r

2
2
= =
b
b
d
h

65 . 1 =
t
K
in a 01 . 0 =
0 . 1
1
1
+
=
r
a
q
65 . 1 =
t f
K K
bt
F
s
m
m
=
bt
F
s
a
a
=
5 . 2
b
t =
( ) lb F
m
2625 1750 3500
2
1
= + =
( ) lb F
a
875 1750 3500
2
1
= =
2
5 . 6562
5 . 2
2625
b b
b
s
m
=
|
\
|
=
2
5 . 2187
5 . 2
875
b b
b
s
a
=
|
\
|
=
( )( )
2 2
000 , 20
5 . 2187 65 . 1
000 , 48
5 . 6562
8 . 1
1
b b
+ =
in b 7556 . 0 =
or in b 75 . 0 =
in
b
t 3 . 0
5 . 2
75 . 0
5 . 2
= = =

For flat plate with central hole
Fig. AF 8, 1 > h b , 2 1 2 = = b b h d
Assume 9 . 2 =
t f
K K
( ) ( ) bt
F
t b b
F
t d h
F
s
m m m
m
=
=
2

( ) ( ) bt
F
t b b
F
t d h
F
s
a a a
a
=
=
2

Page 22 of 62
2
5 . 6562
5 . 2
2625
b b
b
s
m
=
|
\
|
=
2
5 . 2187
5 . 2
875
b b
b
s
a
=
|
\
|
=
( )( )
2 2
000 , 20
5 . 2187 9 . 2
000 , 48
5 . 6562
8 . 1
1
b b
+ =
in b 904 . 0 =
or in in b
16
15
9375 . 0 = =
in
b
t
8
3
5 . 2
= =
in b d
16
15
= =
use in b
16
15
= , in t
8
3
= , in d
16
15
=

(b)
a f m
s K s s + =
max

in
d
r
32
15
2
= =
98 . 0
32
15
01 . 0
1
1
=
|
\
|
+
= q
9 . 2 =
t
K
( ) ( ) 86 . 2 1 1 9 . 2 98 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
psi
b bt
F
s
m
m
7467
16
15
5 . 6562 5 . 6562
2 2
=
|
\
|
= = =
psi
b bt
F
s
a
a
2489
16
15
5 . 2187 5 . 2187
2 2
=
|
\
|
= = =
( )( ) psi s K s s
a f m
586 , 14 2489 86 . 2 7467
max
= + = + =

162. The beam shown has a circular cross section and supports a load F that
varies from 1000 lb to 3000 lb; it is machined from AISI C1020 steel, as
rolled. Determine the diameter D if D r 2 . 0 = and 2 = N ; indefinite life.
Page 23 of 62

Problems 162 164.

Solution:
ksi s
u
65 =
ksi s
y
48 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 65 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =

Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
86 . 24 5 . 32 90 . 0 85 . 0 = =
= 0
A
M
B F 24 12 =
B F 2 =
2
F
B =
2
F
B A = =
At discontinuity
F
F
M 3
2
6
= =
( ) kips in lb in lb in M = = = 9 9000 3000 3
max

min

( ) kips in M
m
= + = 6 3 9
2
1

( ) kips in M
a
= = 3 3 9
2
1

3
32
D
M
s
=
Figure AF 12
5 . 1 5 . 1 = = d d d D
2 . 0 2 . 0 = = d d d r
42 . 1 =
t
K
assume 42 . 1 =
t f
K K
Page 24 of 62
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 3
86 . 24
3 32 42 . 1
48
6 32
2
1
D D
+ =
in D 821 . 1 =
say in D
16
13
1 =
At maximum moment
F
F
M 6
2
12
= =
max

min

( ) kips in M
m
= + = 12 6 18
2
1

( ) kips in M
a
= = 6 6 18
2
1

3
32
D
M
s
=
00 . 1 =
f
K
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 3
86 . 24
6 32 0 . 1
48
12 32
2
1
D D
+ =
in D 4368 . 1 =
Therefore use in D
16
13
1 =
164. The shaft shown is machined from C1040, OQT 1000 F (Fig. AF 1). It is
subjected to a torque that varies from zero to 10,000 in-lb. ( 0 = F ). Let D r 2 . 0 =
and 2 = N . Compute D. What is the maximum torsional stress in the shaft?

Solution:

For C1040, OQT 1000 F
ksi s
u
104 =
ksi s
y
72 =
Page 25 of 62
( ) ksi s s
u n
52 104 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =

Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
ns
5 . 22 52 85 . 0 85 . 0 60 . 0 = =
( ) kips in lb in T T
m a
= = = = 5 5000 000 , 10
2
1

( ) ksi s s
y ys
2 . 43 72 6 . 0 6 . 0 = = =
3
16
D
T
s s
as ms
= =
ns
as fs
ys
ms
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

Figure AF 12
5 . 1 5 . 1 = = d d d D
2 . 0 2 . 0 = = d d d r
2 . 1 =
ts
K
assume 2 . 1 =
ts fs
K K
( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 3
5 . 22
5 16 2 . 1
2 . 43
5 16
2
1
D D
+ =
in D 5734 . 1 =
say in D
16
9
1 =
a f m
s K s s + =
max

( )( ) ( )( )( )
ksi s 686 . 14
16
9
1
5 16 2 . 1
16
9
1
5 16
3 3 max
=
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
=

165. An axle (nonrotating) is to be machined from AISI 1144, OQT 1000 F, to the
proportions shown, with a fillet radius D r 25 . 0 ; F varies from 400 lb to 1200
lb.; the supports are to the left of BB not shown. Let 2 = N (Soderberg line). (a)
At the fillet, compute D and the maximum tensile stress. (b) Compute D at
section BB. (c) Specify suitable dimensions keeping the given proportions, would
a smaller diameter be permissible if the fillet were shot-peened?

Problems 165 167

Page 26 of 62
Solution:
ksi s
u
118 =
ksi s
y
83 =
ksi s s
u n
59 5 . 0 = =

Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
62 . 41 59 83 . 0 85 . 0 = =

(a) At the fillet
5 . 1 5 . 1 = = d d d D
25 . 0 25 . 0 = = d d d r
35 . 1 =
t
K
assume 35 . 1 =
t f
K K
F M 6 =
( ) kips in lb in lb in M = = = 2 . 7 7200 1200 6
max

( ) kips in lb in lb in M = = = 4 . 2 2400 400 6
min

( ) kips in M
m
= + = 8 . 4 4 . 2 2 . 7
2
1

( ) kips in M
a
= = 4 . 2 4 . 2 2 . 7
2
1

3
32
D
M
s
=
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 3
62 . 41
4 . 2 32 35 . 1
83
8 . 4 32
2
1
D D
+ =
in D 4034 . 1 =
say in D
16
7
1 =

(b) At section BB,
F M 30 =
max

min

( ) kips in M
m
= + = 8 . 4 4 . 2 2 . 7
2
1

( ) kips in M
a
= = 4 . 2 4 . 2 2 . 7
2
1

Page 27 of 62
3
32
D
M
s
=
0 . 1 =
f
K
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( )
( )
( )( )( )
( )
3 3
5 . 1 62 . 41
12 32 0 . 1
5 . 1 83
36 32
2
1
D D
+ =
in D 6335 . 1 =
say in D
16
11
1 =

(c) Specified dimension:
in D 2 = , in D 3 5 . 1 =

A smaller diameter is permissible if the fillet were shot-peened because of increased
fatigue strength.

166. A pure torque varying from 5 in-kips to 15 in-kips is applied at section C.
( 0 = F ) of the machined shaft shown. The fillet radius 8 D r = and the torque
passes through the profile keyway at C. The material is AISI 1050, OQT 1100 F,
and 6 . 1 = N . (a) What should be the diameter? (b) If the fillet radius were
increased to 4 D would it be reasonable to use a smaller D?

Solution:

kips in T =15
max

kips in T = 5
min

( ) kips in T
m
= + = 10 5 15
2
1

( ) kips in T
a
= = 5 5 15
2
1

ksi s
u
101 =
ksi s
y
5 . 58 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 50 101 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
Page 28 of 62
Size factor = 0.85
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
ns
9 . 21 5 . 50 85 . 0 85 . 0 60 . 0 = =
(a) At the fillet
8 1 = = = D r d r
5 . 1 = d D
3 . 1 =
ts
K
assume 3 . 1 =
ts fs
K K
At the key profile
6 . 1 =
fs
K
use 6 . 1 =
fs
K
( ) ksi s s
y ys
1 . 35 5 . 58 6 . 0 6 . 0 = = =
ns
as fs
ys
ms
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 3
9 . 21
5 16 6 . 1
1 . 35
10 16
6 . 1
1
D D
+ =
in D 7433 . 1 =
say in D
4
3
1 =

(b) 4 D r =
25 . 0 = D r
5 . 1 = d D
Figure AF 12
18 . 1 =
ts
K
6 . 1 18 . 1 < =
ts fs
K K
Therefore, smaller D is not reasonable.

170. The beam shown is made of AISI C1020 steel, as rolled; in e 8 = . The load F is
repeated from zero to a maximum of 1400 lb. Assume that the stress
concentration at the point of application of F is not decisive. Determine the
depth h and width t if t h 4 ; 1 . 0 5 . 1 = N for Soderberg line. Iteration is
necessary because
f
K depends on the dimensions. Start by assuming a logical
f
K for a logical h (Fig. AF 11), with a final check of
f
K . Considerable
estimation inevitable.
Page 29 of 62

Problem 170
Solution:

F B A
2
1
= =
At the hole
( ) F
F
eB M 4
2
8 =
|
\
|
= =
F M 4
max
=
0
min
= M
( ) ( ) kips in F F M
m
= = = = 8 . 2 4 . 1 2 2 4
2
1

( ) ( ) kips in F F M
a
= = = = 8 . 2 4 . 1 2 2 4
2
1

I
Mc
s =
( )
12
2
3
t d h
I

=
in in d 5 . 0
2
1
= =
in c 75 . 1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1 =
|
\
|
+ =
ksi s
u
65 =
ksi s
y
48 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 65 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
Size factor = 0.85
( )( ) ksi s
n
62 . 27 5 . 32 85 . 0 = =
Fig. AF 7, 5 . 0 5 . 3 5 . 0 75 . 1 > = = d c
Page 30 of 62
Assume 5 . 3 =
t
K
in r 25 . 0
2
1
2
1
=
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
in a 010 . 0 =
962 . 0
25 . 0
010 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 4 . 3 1 1 5 . 3 962 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( )
( )
( )( )( )( )
( ) t d h t d h
3 3
2 62 . 27
75 . 1 8 . 2 12 4 . 3
2 48
75 . 1 8 . 2 12
5 . 1
1
=
( ) 70 . 12 2
3
= t d h
( ) [ ] 70 . 12 50 . 0 2
3
= t h
( ) 70 . 12 1 4
3
= t t
in t 8627 . 0 =
say in t
8
7
=
in t h 5 . 3 4 = =
in h
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1 + + >
in h 5 . 3 >
Figure AF 11, 10 > d h
( ) in d h 5 50 . 0 10 10 = = =
5 . 0
2
1
1
2
5
2
1
=
=
b
d

Therefore 5 . 3 =
t
K , 4 . 3 =
f
K
Use in h 5 = , in t
4
1
1 =

171. Design a crank similar to that shown with a design factor of 16 . 0 6 . 1 based on
the modified Goodman line. The crank is to be forged with certain surfaces
milled as shown and two -in. holes. It is estimated that the material must be of
the order of AISI 8630, WQT 1100 F. The length . 17 in L = , . 5 in a = , and the
load varies form + 15 kips to 9 kips. (a) Compute the dimensions at section AB
with b h 3 = . Check the safety of the edges (forged surfaces). (Iteration involves;
one could first make calculations for forged surfaces and then check safety at
holes.) (b) Without redesigning but otherwise considering relevant factors ,
Page 31 of 62
quantitatively discuss actions that might be taken to reduce the size; holes must
remain as located.

Problems 171-174.
Solution:

(a) AISI 8630, WQT 1100 F
ksi s
u
96 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
48 96 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
Size factor = 0.85
As-forged surface (Fig. AF I)
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
17 48 42 . 0 85 . 0 = =

Milled surface (Machined)
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
68 . 34 48 85 . 0 85 . 0 = =

At AB, machined
n
a f
u
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

Figure AF 11
in in b 5 . 0
2
1
= =
in in d 25 . 0
4
1
= =
5 . 0
5 . 0
25 . 0
= = in
b
d

Assume 50 . 3 =
f
K
998 . 0 = q
( ) ( ) 495 . 3 1 1 5 . 3 998 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
I
Mc
s =
( )
12
2
3
b d h
I

=
Page 32 of 62
( ) ( ) 3 4
8
1
1 4 4
8
1
4
1
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
2
= + =
|
\
|
+ =
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ = h h h
h
c
b h 3 =
( )
12
4
1
2
3 4
8
1
3
b h
h M
s
(
\
|
\
|
=
( )
( ) b b
b M
s
3
5 . 0 3
3 12
2
3
=
( )
( ) b b
b M
s
3
5 . 0 3
1 4 5 . 4
=
( ) a L F M =
( )( ) kips in M = = 180 5 17 15
max

( )( ) kips in M = = 108 5 17 9
min

( ) kips in M
m
=
|
\
|
= 36 108 180
2
1

( ) kips in M
a
= +
|
\
|
= 144 108 180
2
1

n
a f
u
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( )
( )
( )( )( )( )
( ) b b
b
b b
b
3 3
5 . 0 3 68 . 34
1 4 144 5 . 4 495 . 3
5 . 0 3 96
1 4 36 5 . 4
6 . 1
1
=
( )
( ) 2 . 107
1
5 . 0 3
1 4
3
=
b b
b

( )
( )
2 . 107
1 4
5 . 0 3
3
=
b
b b

in b 6 . 2 =
say in b
8
5
2 =
in b h
8
7
7 3 = =
Checking at the edges (as forged)
( )( ) kips in M = = 255 17 15
max

( )( ) kips in M = = 153 17 9
min

( ) kips in M
m
=
|
\
|
= 51 153 255
2
1

Page 33 of 62
( ) kips in M
a
= +
|
\
|
= 204 153 255
2
1

3 3 2
3
2
9
6 6
b
M
b
M
bh
M
s = = =
0 . 1
f
K
n
a f
u
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )
( )
( )( )( )
( ) 17 3
204 2 0 . 1
96 3
51 2
6 . 1
1
3 3
b b
+ =
in b 373 . 2 =
say in b
8
3
2 =
since in in b
8
3
2
8
5
2 > = , safe.

(c) Action: reduce number of repetitions of load.

CHECK PROBLEMS

173. For the crank shown, in L 15 = , in a 3 = , in d 5 . 4 = , in b 5 . 1 = . It is as forged
from AISI 8630, WQT 1100 F, except for machined areas indicated. The load F
varies from +5 kips to 3 kips. The crank has been designed without detailed
attention to factors that affect its endurance strength. In section AB only,
compute the factor of safety by the Soderberg criterion. Suppose it were desired
to improve the margin of safety, with significant changes of dimensions
prohibited, what various steps could be taken? What are your particular
recommendations?

Solution:

ksi s
n
17 =
ksi s
n
68 . 34 =

ksi s
n
72 =
In section AB, machined
Page 34 of 62
( ) a L F M =
( )( ) kips in M = + = 60 3 15 5
max

( )( ) kips in M = = 36 3 15 3
min

( ) kips in M
m
=
|
\
|
= 12 36 60
2
1

( ) kips in M
a
= +
|
\
|
= 48 36 60
2
1

in h d 5 . 4 = = , in b 5 . 1 =
3 =
b
h

( )
( ) b b
b M
s
3
5 . 0 3
1 4 5 . 4
=
( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) [ ] ( )
ksi s
m
8125 . 2
5 . 1 5 . 0 5 . 1 3
1 5 . 1 4 12 5 . 4
3
=
=
( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) [ ] ( )
ksi s
a
25 . 11
5 . 1 5 . 0 5 . 1 3
1 5 . 1 4 48 5 . 4
3
=
=
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

495 . 3 =
f
K from Problem 171.
( )( )
68 . 34
25 . 11 495 . 3
72
8125 . 2 1
+ =
N

1 85 . 0 < = N , unsafe
To increase the margin of safety
1. reduce the number of repetitions of loads
2. shot-peening
3. good surface roughness

Recommendation:
No. 1, reducing the number of repetitions of loads.

175. The link shown is made of AISI C1020, as rolled, machined all over. It is loaded
in tension by pins in the in D
8
3
= holes in the ends; in a
16
9
= , in t
16
5
= ,
in h
8
1
1 = . Considering sections at A, B, and C, determine the maximum safe
axial load for 2 = N and indefinite life (a) if it is repeated and reversed; (b) if it
is repeated varying from zero to maximum; (c) if it is repeatedly varies or
W F = to W F 3 = . (d) Using the results from (a) and (b), determine the ratio of
the endurance strength for a repeated load to that for a reversed load (Soderberg
line).
Page 35 of 62

Problems 175 - 178
Solution:
ksi s
u
65 =
ksi s
y
48 =
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 65 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
Size factor = 0.85
For machined all over
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
20 5 . 32 80 . 0 90 . 0 85 . 0 = =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

at A, Figure AF 8
in b
16
9
=
in h
8
1
1 =
in D d
8
3
= =
in t
16
5
=
33 . 0
8
1
1
8
3
= =
h
d

5 . 0
8
1
1
16
9
= =
h
b

6 . 3 =
tA
K
in
d
r
16
3
2
= =
in a 01 . 0 =
Page 36 of 62
95 . 0
16
3
01 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 47 . 3 1 1 6 . 3 95 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
tA fA
k q k
( ) 15
64
16
5
8
3
8
1
1
F F
t d h
F
s =
|
\
|
|
\
|

=
=
( )
( )
( ) 20 15
64 47 . 3
48 15
64
2
1
a m
F F
+ =
a m
F F 48 . 1
45
8
1 + = at A

At B Figure AF 9
in a d
16
9
= =
in h
8
1
1 =
in r
16
3
=
in t
16
5
=
33 . 0
16
9
16
3
= =
d
r

2
16
9
8
1
1
= =
d
h

63 . 1 =
tB
K
in a 01 . 0 =
95 . 0
16
3
01 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 6 . 1 1 1 63 . 1 95 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
tB fB
k q k
45
256
16
5
16
9
F F
dt
F
s =
|
\
|
|
\
|
= =
Page 37 of 62
( )
( )
( ) 20 45
256 6 . 1
48 45
256
2
1
a m
F F
+ =
a m
F F 455 . 0
135
32
1 + = at B

at C, Figure AF 8, 1 >
h
b

in D
8
1
=
in a h
16
9
= =
22 . 0
16
9
8
1
= =
h
d

5 . 3 =
tC
K
in
d
r
16
1
2
= =
in a 01 . 0 =
862 . 0
16
1
01 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 2 . 3 1 1 5 . 3 862 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
tC fC
k q k
( ) 35
256
16
5
8
1
16
9
F F
t d h
F
s =
|
\
|
|
\
|

=
=
( )
( )
( ) 20 35
256 2 . 3
48 35
256
2
1
a m
F F
+ =
a m
F F 17 . 1
105
32
1 + = at C

Equations
At A,
a m
F F 48 . 1
45
8
1 + =
At B,
a m
F F 455 . 0
135
32
1 + =
At C,
a m
F F 17 . 1
105
32
1 + =

Page 38 of 62
(a) Repeated and reversed load

0 =
m
F
F F
a
=
use at A
a m
F F 48 . 1
45
8
1 + =
( )
a
F 48 . 1 0
45
8
1 + =
kip F 676 . 0 =

(b) F F F
a m
= =
at A, F F 48 . 1
45
8
1 + =
kip F 603 . 0 =
at B, F F 455 . 0
135
32
1 + =
kips F 480 . 1 =
at C, F F 17 . 1
105
32
1 + =
kip F 678 . 0 =
use kip F 603 . 0 =

(c) W F =
min
, W F 3
max
=
( ) W W W F
m
= = 3
2
1

( ) W W W F
a
2 3
2
1
= + =
at A, ( ) W W 2 48 . 1
45
8
1 + =
kip W 319 . 0 =
at B, ( ) W W 2 455 . 0
135
32
1 + =
kip W 884 . 0 =
at C, ( ) W W 2 17 . 1
105
32
1 + =
kip W 378 . 0 =
use kip W 319 . 0 =
kip F 957 . 0
max
=

Page 39 of 62
(d)
( )
( )
892 . 0
676 . 0
603 . 0
= = =
a F
b F
Ratio

179. A steel rod shown, AISI 2320, hot rolled, has been machined to the following
dimensions: . 1in D = , .
4
3
in c = , .
8
1
in e = A semicircular groove at the
midsection has .
8
1
in r = ; for radial hole, .
4
1
in a = An axial load of 5 kips is
repeated and reversed ( 0 = M ). Compute the factor of safety (Soderberg) and
make a judgement on its suitability (consider statistical variations of endurance
strength i4.4). What steps may be taken to improve the design factor?

Problems 179-183

Solution:
AISI 2320 hot-rolled (Table AT 10)
ksi s
u
96 =
ksi s
y
51 =
ksi s
n
48 =
Size factor = 0.85
Surface factor = 0.85 (machined)
( )( )( )( ) ksi s
n
74 . 27 48 85 . 0 85 . 0 80 . 0 = =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

0 =
m
s , reversed
s s
a
=
n
a f
s
s K
N
=
1

f
n
a
NK
s
s =
at the fillet, Figure AF 12
in e r
8
1
= =
Page 40 of 62
in c d
4
3
= =
in D 1 =
17 . 0
4
3
8
1
= =
d
r

3 . 1
4
3
1
= =
d
D

55 . 1 =
t
K
in a 010 . 0 =
926 . 0
8
1
010 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 51 . 1 1 1 55 . 1 926 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
( )
ksi s s
a
32 . 11
4
3
5 4
2
=
|
\
|
= =

( )( )
62 . 1
51 . 1 32 . 11
74 . 27
= = =
f a
n
K s
s
N

At the groove, Figure AF 14
in in in r D b d
4
3
8
1
2 1 2 =
|
\
|
= = =
in D 1 =
in r
8
1
=
17 . 0
4
3
8
1
= =
d
r

3 . 1
4
3
1
= =
d
D

75 . 1 =
t
K
in a 010 . 0 =
Page 41 of 62
926 . 0
8
1
010 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 7 . 1 1 1 75 . 1 926 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
( )
ksi
d
F
s s
a
32 . 11
4
3
5 4 4
2 2
=
|
\
|
= = =

( )( )
44 . 1
7 . 1 32 . 11
74 . 27
= = =
f a
n
K s
s
N

At the hole, Figure AF8
in h D 1 = =
in a d
4
1
= =
25 . 0
1
4
1
= =
h
D

44 . 2 =
t
K
in a 010 . 0 =
926 . 0
8
1
010 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 33 . 2 1 1 44 . 2 926 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
( )
( )
ksi
Dd
D
F
s s
a
34 . 9
4
1
1
4
1
5
4
2 2
=
|
\
|
= =

( )( )
27 . 1
33 . 2 34 . 9
74 . 27
= = =
f a
n
K s
s
N

Factor of safety is 1.27
From i4.4
n
s s 76 . 0 =
27 . 1 min 32 . 1
76 . 0
> = =
n
n
s
s
N
Therefore, dimensions are not suitable.

Steps to be taken:
1. Reduce number of cycle to failure
Page 42 of 62
2. Good surface condition
3. Presetting

186. A stock stud that supports a roller follower on a needle bearing for a cam is
made as shown, where in a
8
5
= , in b
16
7
= , in c
4
3
= . The nature of the junction
of the diameters at B is not defined. Assume that the inside corner is sharp. The
material of the stud is AISI 2317, OQT 1000 F. Estimate the safe, repeated load
F for 2 = N . The radial capacity of the needle bearing is given as 1170 lb. at
2000 rpm for a 2500-hr life. See Fig. 20.9, p. 532, Text.

Problem 186
Solution:
AISI 2317, OQT 1000 F
ksi s
u
106 =
ksi s
y
71 =
ksi s s
u n
53 5 . 0 = =
Size factor = 0.85
( )( ) ksi s
n
45 53 85 . 0 = =
Figure AF 12
in a d
8
5
= =
in c D
4
3
= =
0 d r , sharp corner
2 . 1
8
5
4
3
= =
d
D

Assume 7 . 2 =
t
K
7 . 2 =
t f
K K
3
32
a
M
s
=
F F Fb M 4375 . 0
16
7
=
|
\
|
= =
Page 43 of 62
in in a 625 . 0
8
5
= =
( )
( )
F
F
s 25 . 18
625 . 0
4375 . 0 32
3
= =

F s s s
a m
25 . 18 = = =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( )
45
25 . 18 7 . 2
71
25 . 18
2
1 F F
+ =
lb kip F 370 370 . 0 = = < less than radial capacity of the needle bearing. Ok.

187. The link shown is made of AISI C1035 steel, as rolled, with the following
dimensions .
8
3
in a = , .
8
7
in b = , . 1in c = , .
2
1
in d = , . 12 in L = , .
16
1
in r = The
axial load F varies from 3000 lb to 5000 lb and is applied by pins in the holes.
(a) What are the factors of safety at points A, B, and C if the link is machined all
over? What are the maximum stresses at these points?

Problems 187, 188
Solution:
AISI C1035, as rolled
ksi s
u
85 =
ksi s
y
55 =
ksi s s
u n
5 . 42 5 . 0 = =
size factor = 0.85
( )( )( ) ksi s
n
68 . 21 5 . 42 85 . 0 6 . 0 = =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( ) kips F
m
4 3 5
2
1
= + =
( ) kip F
a
1 3 5
2
1
= =

Page 44 of 62
(a) at A, Figure AF 9
in r
16
1
=
in a d
8
3
= =
in b h
8
7
= =
17 . 0
8
3
16
1
= =
d
r

33 . 2
8
3
8
7
= =
d
h

9 . 1 =
t
K
in a 010 . 0 =
862 . 0
16
1
010 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 78 . 1 1 1 9 . 1 862 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
ac
F
s =
( )
ksi s
m
67 . 10
1
8
3
4
=
|
\
|
=
( )
ksi s
a
67 . 2
1
8
3
1
=
|
\
|
=
( )( )
68 . 21
67 . 2 78 . 1
55
67 . 10 1
+ =
N

42 . 2 = N

At B, same as A, 78 . 1 =
f
K
( )c a b
F
s
=
( )
ksi s
m
8
1
8
3
8
7
4
=
|
\
|

=
Page 45 of 62
( )
ksi s
a
2
1
8
3
8
7
1
=
|
\
|

=
( )( )
68 . 21
2 78 . 1
55
8 1
+ =
N

23 . 3 = N

At C, Figure AF 8
in d
2
1
=
in c h 1 = =
1 > h b
5 . 0
1
2
1
= =
h
d

2 . 2 =
t
K
in a 010 . 0 =
in in
d
r 25 . 0
4
1
2
= = =
962 . 0
25 . 0
010 . 0
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
r
a
q
( ) ( ) 15 . 2 1 1 2 . 2 962 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
( )( ) d c a b
F
s

=
ksi s
m
16
2
1
1
8
3
8
7
4
=
|
\
|

|
\
|

=
ksi s
m
4
2
1
1
8
3
8
7
1
=
|
\
|

|
\
|

=
( )( )
68 . 21
4 15 . 2
55
16 1
+ =
N

45 . 1 = N

(b) Maximum stresses

at A
( ) ksi s K s s
a f m A
42 . 15 67 . 2 78 . 1 67 . 10 = + = + =
at B
( ) ksi s K s s
a f m B
56 . 11 2 78 . 1 8 = + = + =
Page 46 of 62
at C
( ) ksi s K s s
a f m C
6 . 24 4 15 . 2 16 = + = + =

IMPACT PROBLEMS

189. A wrought-iron bar is 1in. in diameter and 5 ft. long. (a) What will be the stress
and elongation if the bar supports a static load of 5000 lb? Compute the stress
and elongation if a 5000 lb. weight falls freely 0.05 in. and strikes a stop at the
end of the bar. (b) The same as (a), except that the bar is aluminum alloy 3003-
H14.

Solution:
. 1in D = , ft L 5 =
For wrought iron,
psi E
6
10 28 =
(a) elongation
lb F 5000 =
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
in
AE
FL
01364 . 0
10 28 1
4
12 5 5000
6 2
=
= =

Stress and elongation
in h 05 . 0 =
lb W 5000 =
in ft L 60 5 = =
2
1
2
1
|
\
|
+ + =
LW
hEA
A
W
A
W
s
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
psi s 741 , 24
5000 60
1
4
10 28 05 . 0 2
1
1
4
5000
1
4
5000
2
1
2 6
2 2
=
(
(
(
(
\
|
+ + =

( )( )
in
E
sL
053 . 0
10 28
60 741 , 24
6
=
= =

(b) Aluminum alloy 3003-H14
psi E
6
10 10 =
lb F 5000 =
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
in
AE
FL
038 . 0
10 10 1
4
12 5 5000
6 2
=
= =

Stress and elongation
in h 05 . 0 =
Page 47 of 62
lb W 5000 =
in ft L 60 5 = =
2
1
2
1
|
\
|
+ + =
LW
hEA
A
W
A
W
s
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
psi s 475 , 18
5000 60
1
4
10 10 05 . 0 2
1
1
4
5000
1
4
5000
2
1
2 6
2 2
=
(
(
(
(
\
|
+ + =

( )( )
in
E
sL
111 . 0
10 10
60 475 , 18
6
=
= =

190. What should be the diameter of a rod 5 ft. long, made of an aluminum alloy
2024-T4, if it is to resist the impact of a weight of lb W 500 = dropped through a
distance of 2 in.? The maximum computed stress is to be 20 ksi.

Solution:
For aluminum alloy, 2024-T4
psi E
6
10 6 . 10 =
lb W 500 =
in h 2 =
in ft L 60 5 = =
psi ksi s 000 , 20 20 = =
2
1
2
1
|
\
|
+ + =
LW
hEA
A
W
A
W
s
( )( )
( )( )
2
1
6
500 60
10 6 . 10 2 2
1
5000 5000
000 , 20
(

+ + =
A
A A

( )2
1
1413 1 1 40 A A + + =
9332 . 0
4
2
= =
D
A

in D 09 . 1 = , say in D
16
1
1 =

191. A rock drill has the heads of the cylinder bolted on by 7/8-in. bolts somewhat as
shown. The grip of the bolt is 4 in. (a) If the shank of the bolt is turned down to
the minor diameter of the coarse-thread screw, 0.7387 in., what energy may each
bolt absorb if the stress is not to exceed 25 ksi? (b) Short bolts used as described
above sometimes fail under repeated shock loads. It was found in one instance
that if long bolts, running from head to head, were used, service failures were
eliminated. How much more energy will the bolt 21 in. long absorb for a stress of
Page 48 of 62
25 ksi. That the bolt 4 in. long? As before, let the bolt be turned down to the
minor diameter. The effect of the threads on the strength is to be neglected.

Problem 191
Solution:
( )
E
AL s
AL
E
s
U
2 2
2 2
= =
(a)
4
2
D
A

=
in L 4 =
in D 7387 . 0 =
psi E
6
10 30 =
psi ksi s 000 , 25 25 = =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
lb in U =
\
|
= 86 . 17
10 30 2
4 7387 . 0
4
000 , 25
6
2 2

(b) in L 21 =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
lb in U =
\
|
= 75 . 93
10 30 2
21 7387 . 0
4
000 , 25
6
2 2

lb in U = = 89 . 75 86 . 17 75 . 93

192. As seen in the figure, an 8.05-lb body A moving down with a constant
acceleration of 12 fps
2
, having started from rest at point C. If A is attached to a
steel wire, W & M gage 8 (0.162 in. diameter) and if for some reason the sheave
D is instantly stopped, what stress is induced in the wire?

Problems 192, 193
Solution:
E
AL s
U
2
2
=
( ) maL mah ah m mv U = = = = 2
2
1
2
1
2

Page 49 of 62
maL
E
AL s
=
2
2

gA
WaE
A
maE
s
2 2
2
= =
lb W 05 . 8 =
2
12 fps a =
2
32 fps g =
2
12 fps b =
psi E
6
10 30 =
4
2
D
A

=
( )( )( )
( ) ( ) 32 162 . 0
10 30 12 05 . 8 8 8
2
6
2
2

= =
g D
WaE
s
psi s 741 , 93 =

193. The hoist A shown, weighing 5000 lb. and moving at a constant fps v 4 = is
attached to a 2 in. wire rope that has a metal area of 1.6 sq. in. and a modulus
psi E
6
10 12 = . When ft h 100 = , the sheave D is instantly stopped by a brake
(since this is impossible, it represents the worst conceivable condition).
Assuming that the stretching is elastic, compute the maximum stress in the rope.

Solution:

E
AL s
U
2
2
=
2 2
2 2
1
v
g
W
mv U = =
2
2
2 2
v
g
W
E
AL s
=
gAL
E Wv
s
2
2
=
lb W 5000 =
Page 50 of 62
fps v 4 =
psi E
6
10 12 =
2
6 . 1 in A =
ft h L 100 = =
2
32 fps g =

( )( ) ( )
( )( )( ) 100 6 . 1 32
10 12 4 5000
6 2
2

= s
psi s 693 , 13 =

194. A coarse-thread steel bolt, in. in diameter, with 2 in. of threaded and 3 in. of
unthreaded shank, receives an impact caused by a falling 500-lb weight. The area
at the root of the thread is 0.334 sq. in. and the effects of threads are to be
neglected. (a) What amount of energy in in-lb. could be absorbed if the maximum
calculated stress is 10 ksi? (b) From what distance h could the weight be
dropped for this maximum stress? (c) How much energy could be absorbed at the
same maximum stress if the unthreaded shank were turned down to the root
diameter.

Solution:
E
AL s
U
2
2
=
(a)
2 1
U U U + =
E
L A s
U
2
1 1
2
1
1
=
E
L A s
U
2
2 2
2
2
2
=
2
1
334 . 0 in A =
( )
2
2
442 . 0 75 . 0
4
in A = =

psi s 000 , 10
1
=
( )( )
psi
A
A s
s 7556
442 . 0
334 . 0 000 , 10
2
1 1
2
= = =
in L 2
1
=
in L 3
2
=
psi E
6
10 30 =
( ) ( )( )
( )
lb in U =
= 113 . 1
10 30 2
2 334 . 0 000 , 10
6
2
1

( ) ( )( )
( )
lb in U =
= 262 . 1
10 30 2
3 442 . 0 7556
6
2
2

Page 51 of 62
lb in U U U = + = + = 375 . 2 262 . 1 113 . 1
2 1

(b)
(
(
\
|
+ + =
2
1
2
1 1
LW
hEA
A
W
s
(
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
+ + =
2
1
2
2
1
1 1
2
1 1
A
L
A
L
W
hE
A
W
s
( )
+
+ + =
2
1
2 1 1 2
2 1
1
2
1 1
L A L A W
A hEA
A
W
s
lb W 500 =
2
1
334 . 0 in A =
2
2
442 . 0 in A =
in L 2
1
=
in L 3
2
=
psi E
6
10 30 =
psi s 000 , 10 =
( )( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) [ ]
2
1
6
3 334 . 0 2 442 . 0 500
442 . 0 334 . 0 10 30 2
1 1
334 . 0
500
000 , 10
)
`
+ + =
h

in h 0033 . 0 =

(c)
E
AL s
U
2
2
=
2
334 . 0 in A =
in L 5 =
psi E
6
10 30 =
psi s 000 , 10 =
( ) ( )( )
( )
lb in U =
= 783 . 2
10 30 2
5 334 . 0 000 , 10
6
2

196. A part of a machine that weighs 1000 lb. raised and lowered by 1 -in. steel rod
that has Acme threads on one end (see i8.18 Text, for minor diameter). The
length of the rod is 10 ft. and the upper 4 ft are threaded. As the part being
Page 52 of 62
lowered it sticks, then falls freely a distance of 1/8 in. (a) Compute the maximum
stress in the rod. (b) What would be the maximum stress in the rod if the lower
end had been turned down to the root diameter?

Solution:
(
(
\
|
+ + =
2
1
2
1 1
LW
hEA
A
W
s
(
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
+ + =
2
1
2
2
1
1 1
2
1 1
A
L
A
L
W
hE
A
W
s
( )
+
+ + =
2
1
2 1 1 2
2 1
1
2
1 1
L A L A W
A hEA
A
W
s
see i8.18 , in D
2
1
1
2
= , in D 25 . 1
1
=
( )
2
2
1
227 . 1
4
25 . 1
in A = =

( )
2
2
2
767 . 1
4
5 . 1
in A = =

in L 4
1
=
in L 6
2
=
in in h 125 . 0
8
1
= =
lb W 1000 =
psi E
6
10 30 =
( )( )( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) [ ]
psi s 186 , 28
6 227 . 1 4 767 . 1 1000
767 . 1 227 . 1 10 30 125 . 0 2
1 1
227 . 1
1000
2
1
6
=
)
`
+ + =
(b)
(
(
\
|
+ + =
2
1
2
1 1
LW
hEA
A
W
s
2
1
227 . 1 in A A = =
in L L L 10
2 1
= + =
Page 53 of 62
( )( )( )
( )
psi s 552 , 25
1000 10
227 . 1 10 30 125 . 0 2
1 1
227 . 1
1000
2
1
6
=
)
`

+ + =

197. A weight W of 50 lb is moving on a smooth horizontal surface with a velocity of
2 fps when it strikes head-on the end of a -in. round steel rod, 6 ft. long.
Compute the maximum stress in the rod. What design factor based on yield
strength is indicated for AISI 1010, cold drawn?

Solution:

2
1
2
1
(
(
(
(
\
|
+
=
W
W
AL g
E Wv
s
e
o

3
b
e
W
W =
AL W
b
=
3
284 . 0 in lb =
2
2
442 . 0
4
3
4
in A =
|
\
|
=

in ft L 72 6 = =
( )( )( ) lb W
b
038 . 9 72 442 . 0 284 . 0 = =
lb W
e
013 . 3
3
038 . 9
= =
lb W 50 =
fps v 2 =
2
32 fps g
o
=
psi E
6
10 30 =
ft L 6 =
( )( ) ( )
( )( )( )
psi s 8166
50
013 . 3
1 6 442 . 0 32
10 30 2 50
2
1
6 2
=
(
(
(
(
\
|
+
=
For AISI 1010, cold drawn
psi ksi s
y
000 , 55 55 = =
74 . 6
8166
000 , 55
= = =
s
s
N
y

Page 54 of 62
199. A rigid weight of 100 lb is dropped a distance of 25 in. upon the center of a 12
in., 50-lb. I-beam (
4
6 . 301 in I
x
= ) that is simply supported on supports 10 ft
apart. Compute the maximum stress in the I-beam both with and without
allowing for the beams weight.

Solution:

Without beams weight
st
st
y
y
s s =
EI
FL
y
48
3
=
3
48
L
EI
y
F
k = =
(
(
\
|
+ + = =
2
1
2
1 1
W
hk
k
W
y
psi E
6
10 30 =
in ft L 120 10 = =
4
6 . 301 in I =
( )( )
( )
in lb k 333 , 251
120
6 . 301 10 30 48
3
6
=
=
lb W 100 =
in h 25 =
( )( )
in y 1415 . 0
100
333 , 251 25 2
1 1
333 , 251
100
2
1
=
+ + |
\
|
=
( )( )
( )( )
in
EI
WL
y
st
0004 . 0
6 . 301 10 30 48
120 100
48
6
3 3
=
= =
I
Mc
s
st
=
( )( )
lb in
WL
M = = = 3000
4
120 100
4

in
h
c 6
2
12
2
= = =
( )( )
psi s
st
68 . 59
6 . 301
6 3000
= =
( ) psi s 112 , 21
0004 . 0
1415 . 0
68 . 59 =
|
\
|
=

Page 55 of 62
with mass of beam
2
1
2
1
|
|
\
|
+ + =
st
st st
y
h
y y y
h - correction factor =
W
W
e
+ 1
1

35
17
b
e
W
W =
( )( ) lb ft ft lb W
b
500 10 50 = =
( )
lb W
e
243
35
500 17
= =
h - correction factor = 292 . 0
100
243
1
1
=
+

( )( )
in y 0764 . 0
0004 . 0
292 . 0 25 2
1 1 0004 . 0
2
1
=
+ + =
( ) psi
y
y
s s
st
st
400 , 11
0004 . 0
0764 . 0
68 . 59 =
|
\
|
= =

201. A 3000 lb. automobile (here considered rigid) strikes the midpoint of a guard rail
that is an 8-in. 23-lb. I-beam, 40 ft. long;
4
2 . 64 in I = . Made of AISI C1020, as
rolled, the I-beam is simply supported on rigid posts at its ends. (a) What level
velocity of the automobile results in stressing the I-beam to the tensile yield
strength? Compare results observed by including and neglecting the beams
mass.

Solution:
psi ksi s
y
000 , 48 48 = =
o
g
Wv F
2 2
2
=

3
48
L
EI F
k = =

I
FLc
I
Mc
s
4
= =
Lc
Is
F
4
=
( )
2
2
2 2
3 2 2 3 2
6 96
16
96 2 Ec
IL s
EI c L
L s I
EI
L F F
= = =

Page 56 of 62
neglecting mass of beam
o
g
Wv
Ec
IL s F
2 6 2
2
2
2
= =

IL g
Ec Wv
s
o
2
3
2 2
2
=
lb W 3000 =
2
32 fps g
o
=
in
h
c 4
2
8
2
= = =
psi E
6
10 30 =
4
2 . 64 in I =
ft L 40 =
psi ksi s s
y
000 , 48 48 = = =
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( ) 40 2 . 64 32
4 10 30 3000 3
2
3
000 , 48
2 6 2 2 2
2 2

= = =
v
IL g
Ec Wv
s
o

fps v 62 . 6 =
Including mass of beam
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
=
W
W
IL g
Ec Wv
s
e
o
1
1
2
3
2 2
2

35
17
b
e
W
W =
( )( ) lb ft ft lb W
b
920 40 23 = =
( )
lb W
e
447
35
920 17
= =
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( )
(
(
(
= = =
3000
447
1
1
40 2 . 64 32
4 10 30 3000 3
2
3
000 , 48
2 6 2 2 2
2 2
v
IL g
Ec Wv
s
o

fps v 10 . 7 =

DATA LACKING DESIGNERS DECISIONS

202. A simple beam is struck midway between supports by a 32.2-lb. weight that has
fallen 20 in. The length of the beam is 12 ft. If the stress is not to exceed 20 ksi,
what size I-beam should be used?

Solution:
Page 57 of 62
2
1
2
1
|
|
\
|
+ + =
st
st st
y
h
y y y
st
st
y
y
s s =
in h 20 =
psi s 000 , 20 =
EI
WL
y
st
48
3
=
2
1
3
96
1 1
|
\
|
+ + =
WL
EIh
y
y
st

with correction factor
2
1
3
1
1 96
1 1
(
(
(
(
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
+ + =
W
W
WL
EIh
y
y
e
st

I
WLd
I
Mc
s
st
8
= =
35
17wL
W
e
=
(
(
(
(
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
+ + =
2
1
3
35
17
1
1 96
1 1
8
W
wL
WL
EIh
I
WLd
s
lb W 2 . 32 =
in h 20 =
in ft L 144 12 = =
psi E
6
10 30 =
( )( ) ( )( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )

(
(
(
(
+ + =
2
1
3
6
2 . 32 35
12 17
1
1
144 2 . 32
20 10 30 96
1 1
8
144 2 . 32
w
I
I
d
s
\
|
+
+ + =
2
1
181 . 0 1
1
599 1 1
6 . 579
w
I
I
d
s
From The Engineers Manual
By Ralph G. Hudson, S.B.
Page 58 of 62
Use 3, 5.7 lb,
4
5 . 2 in I =
( )
( )
( )
psi psi s 000 , 20 600 , 19
7 . 5 181 . 0 1
1
5 . 2 599 1 1
5 . 2
3 6 . 579
2
1
< =
)
`
+
+ + =
Therefore use 3-in depth, 5.7-lb I-beam (
4
5 . 2 in I = )

204. A 10-in., 25.4-lb.., I-bean, AISI 1020, as rolled, is 10 ft. long and is simply
supported at the ends shown. There is a static load of kips F 10
1
= , 4 ft from the
left end, and a repeated reversed load of kips F 10
2
= , 3 ft from the right end. It is
desired to make two attachments to the beam through holes as shown. No
significant load is supported by these attachments, but the holes cause stress
concentration. Will it be safe to make these attachments as planned? Determine
the factor of safety at the point of maximum moment and at points of stress
concentration.

Problem 204
Solution:
Mass of beam negligible
ksi s
y
48 =
ksi s
u
65 =
( )
= 0
A
M
( ) B F F 10 3 10 4
2 1
= +
( )
2 1
7 4
10
1
F F B + =
( )
= 0
B
M
( ) A F F 10 4 10 3
1 2
= +
( )
2 1
3 6
10
1
F F A + =
kips F 10
1
=
kips to F 10 10
2
=
( ) ( ) [ ] kips B 3 10 7 10 4
10
1
min
= + =
Page 59 of 62
( ) ( ) [ ] kips B 11 10 7 10 4
10
1
max
= + =
( ) ( ) [ ] kips A 3 10 3 10 6
10
1
min
= + =
( ) ( ) [ ] kips A 9 30 7 10 6
10
1
max
= + =
Figure AF 11,
in e
2
1
1 = ,
in d
4
1
=
in c 625 . 1
4
1
2
2
1
1 =
|
\
|
+ =
in h 10 =
in e
h
b 5 . 3
2
1
1
2
10
2
= = =
07 . 0
5 . 3
25 . 0
= =
b
d

5 . 0 6
25 . 0
50 . 1
> = =
d
e

Use 0 . 3 =
t
K
926 . 0
8
1
010 . 0
1
1
=
+
= q
( ) ( ) 85 . 2 1 1 3 926 . 0 1 1 = + = + =
t f
K q K
( ) ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 65 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
size factor = 0.85
( ) ksi s
n
6 . 27 5 . 32 85 . 0 = =
left hole, ( )A M 2 =
( ) kips ft M = = 18 9 2
max

( ) kips ft M = = 6 3 2
min

I
Mc
s =
( ) kips in kips ft M
m
= = + = 144 12 6 18
2
1

a
= = = 72 6 6 18
2
1

in c 625 . 1 =
4
1 . 122 in I = (Tables)
Page 60 of 62
( )( )
ksi s
m
92 . 1
1 . 122
625 . 1 144
= =
( )( )
ksi s
a
96 . 0
1 . 122
625 . 1 72
= =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( )
6 . 27
96 . 0 85 . 2
48
92 . 1 1
+ =
N

2 . 7 = N

right hole , ( )B M 5 . 1 =
( ) kips ft M = = 5 . 16 11 5 . 1
max

( ) kips ft M = = 5 . 4 3 5 . 1
min

I
Mc
s =
m
= = = 72 6 5 . 4 5 . 16
2
1

a
= = + = 126 5 . 10 5 . 4 5 . 16
2
1

in c 625 . 1 =
4
1 . 122 in I = (Tables)
( )( )
ksi s
m
96 . 0
1 . 122
625 . 1 72
= =
( )( )
ksi s
a
68 . 1
1 . 122
625 . 1 126
= =
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( )
6 . 27
68 . 1 85 . 2
48
96 . 0 1
+ =
N

67 . 5 = N

at maximum moment, or at ,
2
F
( ) kips ft M = = 33 11 3
max

( ) kips ft M = = 9 3 3
min

I
Mc
s =
m
= = = 144 12 9 33
2
1

a
= = + = 252 21 9 33
2
1

Page 61 of 62
in c 5
2
10
= =
4
1 . 122 in I = (Tables)
( )( )
ksi s
m
90 . 5
1 . 122
5 144
= =
( )( )
ksi s
a
32 . 10
1 . 122
5 252
= =
0 . 1 =
f
K
n
a f
y
m
s
s K
s
s
N
+ =
1

( )( )
6 . 27
32 . 10 0 . 1
48
90 . 5 1
+ =
N

2 = N

Since the design factor at the holes is much larger than at the point of maximum moment,
it is safe to make these attachment as planned.

205. The runway of a crane consists of . 20 ft L = lengths of 15-in., 42.9-lb. I-beams,
as shown, each section being supported at its ends; AISI C1020, as rolled. The
wheels of the crane are 9 ft apart, and the maximum load expected is
lb F 000 , 10 = on each wheel. Neglecting the weight of the beam, find the design
factor (a) based on variable stresses for 10
5
cycles, (b) based on the ultimate
strength. (Hint. Since the maximum moment will occur under the wheel, assume
the wheels at some distance x from the point of support, and determine the
reaction,
1
R as a function of x ; 0 =
dx
dM
gives position for a maximum bending
moment.)

Problem 205.
Solution:
( )
= 0
2
R
M
( ) ( )
1
LR F a x L F x L = +
( )
L
F a x L
R

=
2 2
1

( )F a x L
L
x
x R M = = 2 2
1

Page 62 of 62
( ) ( ) [ ] 0 2 2 2 = + = x a x L
L
F
dx
dM

0 2 2 2 = x a x L
|
\
|
=
2 2
1 a
L x
L
F
a
L
F a
a
L L
L
a
L
M
2
2
2
2
2
2
max
|
\
|

=
(
\
|

=
in ft L 240 20 = =
in ft a 108 9 = =
kips lb F 10 000 , 10 = =
( )
( )
kips in M =
|
\
|

= 75 . 720
240 2
10
2
108
240
2
max

For 15-in., 42.9 lb, I-beam
4
8 . 441 in I =
in c 5 . 7
2
15
= =
( )( )
ksi
I
Mc
s 24 . 12
8 . 441
5 . 7 75 . 720
max
= = =
ksi s
u
65 =
ksi s s
u n
5 . 32 5 . 0 = =
size factor = 0.85
( ) ksi s
n
6 . 27 5 . 32 85 . 0 = =

(a) at 10
5
cycles
ksi s
n
34
10
10
6 . 27
085 . 0
5
6
=
|
|
\
|
=
7
24 . 12
34
= = =
s
s
N
n

(b) 31 . 5
24 . 12
65
= = =
s
s
N
u

- end -

Section 2 PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Section 2 PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SECTION 2 VARYING LOADS AND STRESS CONCENTRATIONS

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen