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Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP


Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of EME, NUST

January 1, 2013

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Introduction
A geothermal heat pump, ground source heat pump (GSHP), or ground heat pump is a central heating and/or cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Introduction
A geothermal heat pump, ground source heat pump (GSHP), or ground heat pump is a central heating and/or cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground. It uses the earth as a heat source (in the winter) or a heat sink (in the summer).

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Introduction
A geothermal heat pump, ground source heat pump (GSHP), or ground heat pump is a central heating and/or cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground. It uses the earth as a heat source (in the winter) or a heat sink (in the summer). This design takes advantage of the moderate temperatures in the ground to boost eciency and reduce the operational costs of heating and cooling systems.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Introduction
Geothermal heat pumps are quite ecient, since they use the thermal energy of the earth crust to increase energy output, while decreasing energy input.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Introduction
Geothermal heat pumps are quite ecient, since they use the thermal energy of the earth crust to increase energy output, while decreasing energy input. Geothermal heat pumps add tremendous benets to your house, by increasing the energy eciency of your heating and cooling systems by 2-3 times, and as a result decreasing your bills to heat your house in the winter and cool it in the summer by the same two to three times.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

History
The heat pump was described by Lord Kelvin in 1853 and developed by Peter Ritter von Rittinger in 1855.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

History
The heat pump was described by Lord Kelvin in 1853 and developed by Peter Ritter von Rittinger in 1855. Robert C. Webber built the rst direct exchange ground-source heat pump in the late 1940s.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

History
The heat pump was described by Lord Kelvin in 1853 and developed by Peter Ritter von Rittinger in 1855. Robert C. Webber built the rst direct exchange ground-source heat pump in the late 1940s. The rst successful commercial project was installed in the Commonwealth Building (Portland, Oregon) in 1946.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

History
The heat pump was described by Lord Kelvin in 1853 and developed by Peter Ritter von Rittinger in 1855. Robert C. Webber built the rst direct exchange ground-source heat pump in the late 1940s. The rst successful commercial project was installed in the Commonwealth Building (Portland, Oregon) in 1946. The technology became popular in Sweden in the 1970s.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

History
Open loop systems dominated the market until the development of polybutylene pipe in 1979 made closed loop systems economically viable.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

History
Open loop systems dominated the market until the development of polybutylene pipe in 1979 made closed loop systems economically viable. As of 2004, there are over a million units installed worldwide providing 12 GW of thermal capacity.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

History
Open loop systems dominated the market until the development of polybutylene pipe in 1979 made closed loop systems economically viable. As of 2004, there are over a million units installed worldwide providing 12 GW of thermal capacity. Each year, about 80,000 units are installed in the US (geothermal energy is used in all 50 US states today) and 27,000 in Sweden.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation
During the times of the year when heating and cooling are required, ground temperatures are nearer room temperature Figure: Ground-source (geothermal) heat pump in cooling mode. than outdoor air temperatures. Thus during the summer cooling season, the ground is cooler than the air, and the ground loop is able to condense the refrigerant at lower temperatures, which means
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Introduction History Theory of Operation

that less compressor power is needed to pressurize the refrigerant vapor. During the winter heating season, the ground is warmer than the air,and the ground Figure: Ground-source (geothermal) heat pump in loop is able to heating mode. evaporate the refrigerant at higher temperatures, which again means that less compressor power is needed, since the pressure drop through the expansion valve can be less and still vaporize the refrigerant liquid.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems


There are four basic types of ground loop systems. Three of these horizontal, vertical, and pond/lake are closed-loop systems. The fourth type of system is the open-loop option.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems


There are four basic types of ground loop systems. Three of these horizontal, vertical, and pond/lake are closed-loop systems. The fourth type of system is the open-loop option. Which one of these is best depends on the climate, soil conditions, available land, and local installation costs at the site.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems


There are four basic types of ground loop systems. Three of these horizontal, vertical, and pond/lake are closed-loop systems. The fourth type of system is the open-loop option. Which one of these is best depends on the climate, soil conditions, available land, and local installation costs at the site. All of these approaches can be used for residential and commercial building applications.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems


Most cost-eective for residential installations.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems


Most cost-eective for residential installations. Requires trenches at least four feet deep

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems


Most cost-eective for residential installations. Requires trenches at least four feet deep Most common layouts either use two pipes, one buried at six feet, and the other at four feet, or two pipes placed side-by-side at ve feet in the ground in a two-foot wide trench.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems


Most cost-eective for residential installations. Requires trenches at least four feet deep Most common layouts either use two pipes, one buried at six feet, and the other at four feet, or two pipes placed side-by-side at ve feet in the ground in a two-foot wide trench. The SlinkyTM method of looping pipe allows more pipe in a shorter trench, which cuts down on installation costs and makes horizontal installation possible in areas it would not be with conventional horizontal applications.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Figure: Horizontal Closed Loop

Figure: A Slinky Loop

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Vertical Closed Loop Systems


Used in large commercial buildings and schools.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Vertical Closed Loop Systems


Used in large commercial buildings and schools. Vertical loops are also used where the soil is too shallow for trenching.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Vertical Closed Loop Systems


Used in large commercial buildings and schools. Vertical loops are also used where the soil is too shallow for trenching. Holes are drilled about 20 feet apart and 100 to 400 feet deep. Into these holes go two pipes that are connected at the bottom with a Ubend to form a loop.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Vertical Closed Loop Systems


Used in large commercial buildings and schools. Vertical loops are also used where the soil is too shallow for trenching. Holes are drilled about 20 feet apart and 100 to 400 feet deep. Into these holes go two pipes that are connected at the bottom with a Ubend to form a loop. The vertical loops are connected with horizontal pipe (i.e., manifold), placed in trenches, and connected to the heat pump in the building.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Figure: A Vertical Loop Closed System


Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems


If the site has an adequate water body, this may be the lowest cost option.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems


If the site has an adequate water body, this may be the lowest cost option. A supply line pipe is run underground from the building to the water and coiled into circles at least eight feet under the surface to prevent freezing.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems


If the site has an adequate water body, this may be the lowest cost option. A supply line pipe is run underground from the building to the water and coiled into circles at least eight feet under the surface to prevent freezing. The coils should only be placed in a water source that meets minimum volume, depth, and quality criteria.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Figure: A Pond Loop System being sunk to the bottom of a pond

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Open Loop Systems


This type of system uses well or surface body water as the heat exchange uid that circulates directly through the GHP system.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Open Loop Systems


This type of system uses well or surface body water as the heat exchange uid that circulates directly through the GHP system. Once it has circulated through the system, the water returns to the ground through the well, a recharge well, or surface discharge.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Open Loop Systems


This type of system uses well or surface body water as the heat exchange uid that circulates directly through the GHP system. Once it has circulated through the system, the water returns to the ground through the well, a recharge well, or surface discharge. This option is obviously practical only where there is an adequate supply of relatively clean water, and all local codes and regulations regarding groundwater discharge are met.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Figure: An Open Loop System


Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Hybrid Systems
Hybrid systems using a combination of a geothermal resource with outdoor air (i.e., a cooling tower), are another technology option.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Hybrid Systems
Hybrid systems using a combination of a geothermal resource with outdoor air (i.e., a cooling tower), are another technology option. Particularly eective where cooling needs are signicantly larger than heating needs.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems

Hybrid Systems
Hybrid systems using a combination of a geothermal resource with outdoor air (i.e., a cooling tower), are another technology option. Particularly eective where cooling needs are signicantly larger than heating needs. During periods of peak heating and cooling, the system can bleed a portion of the return water rather than reinjecting it all, causing water inow to the column from the surrounding aquifer.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Environmental Impact
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called ground source heat pumps the most energy-ecient, environmentally clean, and costeective space conditioning systems available.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Environmental Impact
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called ground source heat pumps the most energy-ecient, environmentally clean, and costeective space conditioning systems available. Heat pumps oer signicant emission reductions potential, particularly where they are used for both heating and cooling.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Environmental Impact
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called ground source heat pumps the most energy-ecient, environmentally clean, and costeective space conditioning systems available. Heat pumps oer signicant emission reductions potential, particularly where they are used for both heating and cooling. Ground-source heat pumps always produce less greenhouse gases than air conditioners, oil furnaces, and electric heating.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Environmental Impact
Country Canada Russia US China Electricity CO2 Emissions Intensity 223 ton/GWh 351 ton/GWh 676 ton/GWh 839 ton/GWh GHG savings relative to natural gas heating oil electric heating 2.7 ton/yr 1.8 ton/yr 0.5 ton/yr 1.6 ton/yr 5.3 ton/yr 4.4 ton/yr 2.2 ton/yr 1.0 ton/yr 3.4 ton/yr 5.4 ton/yr 10.3 ton/yr 12.8 ton/yr

Table: Annual greenhouse gas savings from using a ground source heat pump instead of a high-eciency furnace in a detached residence.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Environmental Impact
Country Canada Russia US China Electricity CO2 Emissions Intensity 223 ton/GWh 351 ton/GWh 676 ton/GWh 839 ton/GWh GHG savings relative to natural gas heating oil electric heating 2.7 ton/yr 1.8 ton/yr 0.5 ton/yr 1.6 ton/yr 5.3 ton/yr 4.4 ton/yr 2.2 ton/yr 1.0 ton/yr 3.4 ton/yr 5.4 ton/yr 10.3 ton/yr 12.8 ton/yr

Table: Annual greenhouse gas savings from using a ground source heat pump instead of a high-eciency furnace in a detached residence.

In countries like Canada and Russia with low emitting electricity infrastructure, a residential heat pump may save 5 tons of CO2 per year relative to an oil furnace.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
Ground source heat pumps are characterized by high capital costs and low operational costs compared to other HVAC systems.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
Ground source heat pumps are characterized by high capital costs and low operational costs compared to other HVAC systems. Their overall economic benet depends primarily on the relative costs of electricity and fuels.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
Ground source heat pumps are characterized by high capital costs and low operational costs compared to other HVAC systems. Their overall economic benet depends primarily on the relative costs of electricity and fuels. Based on recent prices, ground-source heat pumps currently have lower operational costs than any other conventional heating source almost everywhere in the world.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
In general, a homeowner may save anywhere from 20% to 60% annually on utilities by switching from an ordinary system to a ground-source system.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
In general, a homeowner may save anywhere from 20% to 60% annually on utilities by switching from an ordinary system to a ground-source system.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
In general, a homeowner may save anywhere from 20% to 60% annually on utilities by switching from an ordinary system to a ground-source system.
Country Payback period for replacing natural gas heating oil electric heating Canada 13 years 3 years 6 years US 12 years 5 years 4 years Germany net loss 8 years 2 years

Table: Payback period for installing a ground source heat pump in a detached residence.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
The lifespan of the system is longer than conventional heating and cooling systems.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
The lifespan of the system is longer than conventional heating and cooling systems. Many early systems are still operational today after 2530 years with routine maintenance.

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Economics
The lifespan of the system is longer than conventional heating and cooling systems. Many early systems are still operational today after 2530 years with routine maintenance. Additionally, because geothermal heat pumps usually have no outdoor compressors or cooling towers, the risk of vandalism is reduced or eliminated, potentially extending a systems lifespan.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Pros of the Geothermal Heat Pump


More ecient than conventional heat pumps

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Pros of the Geothermal Heat Pump


More ecient than conventional heat pumps Cost eective

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Pros of the Geothermal Heat Pump


More ecient than conventional heat pumps Cost eective Can heat household water

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Pros of the Geothermal Heat Pump


More ecient than conventional heat pumps Cost eective Can heat household water Small size and low maintenance

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Pros of the Geothermal Heat Pump


More ecient than conventional heat pumps Cost eective Can heat household water Small size and low maintenance Reliability

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Pros of the Geothermal Heat Pump


More ecient than conventional heat pumps Cost eective Can heat household water Small size and low maintenance Reliability Environmental benets

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Cons of the Geothermal Heat Pump

Initial Installation Cost

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Cons of the Geothermal Heat Pump

Initial Installation Cost Geothermal heat system needs a wide space

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons

Cons of the Geothermal Heat Pump

Initial Installation Cost Geothermal heat system needs a wide space Use of refrigerants

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

College of EME, NUST

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Contents
1

Geothermal Heat Pump Introduction History Theory of Operation Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Horizontal Closed Loop Systems Vertical Closed Loop Systems Pond/Lake Closed Loop Systems Open Loop Systems Hybrid Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Environmental Impact Economics Pros and Cons Conclusion
College of EME, NUST

Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain

Contents Geothermal Heat Pump Types of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Environmental Impact and Economics Conclusion

Conclusion
All in all, geothermal technology is a cost eective, environmentally friendly method of providing heating and cooling. It is a clean and smart energy source right under our feet. Already widely accepted around the world, this technology continues to grow in popularity. It is clear that many factors impact the design of the most ecient and costeective geothermal system for any given application. Proper design requires the use of experienced professionals familiar with the application desired. Drillers can view the geothermal industry as an opportunity for growth and expansion if they become knowledgeable about this exciting eld.
Muhammad Saqib Anwar, Mudassir Hussain College of EME, NUST

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