Pneumatic Cylinder Single and Double Acting :

The range of Pneumatic Cylinders has been known for Quality, Reliability & Performance.

Model Bore Size Stroke End Cover Barrel Seals Piston Piston Rod. Pressure Temp. Media.

ANC / VNC 32 mm to 100 mm Upto 2500 mm Aluminium Aluminium / Brass Buna -N Aluminium EN 8 / S Steel Upto 12 Bar 85oC max. Air & Gas

Arc-Welding Introduction Arc welding is the fusion of two pieces of metal by an electric arc between the pieces being joined

the work pieces and an electrode that is guided along the joint between the pieces. The electrode is either a rod that simply carries current between the tip and the work, or a rod or wire that melts and supplies filler metal to the joint. The basic arc welding circuit is an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power source connected by a work cable to the work piece and by a hot cable to an electrode. When the electrode is positioned close to the work piece, an arc is created across the gap between the metal and the hot cable electrode. An ionized column of gas develops to complete the circuit. The arc produces a temperature of about 3600C at the tip and melts part of the metal being welded and part of the electrode. This produces a pool of molten metal that cools and solidifies behind the electrode as it is moved along the joint. There are two types of electrodes. Consumable electrode tips melt, and molten metal droplets detach and mix into the weld pool. Non-consumable electrodes do not melt. Instead, filler metal is melted into the joint from a separate rod or wire. The strength of the weld is reduced when metals at high temperatures react with oxygen and nitrogen in the air to form oxides and nitrides. Most arc welding processes minimize contact between the molten metal and the air with a shield of gas, vapour or slag. Granular flux, for example, adds deoxidizers that create a shield to protect the molten pool, thus improving the weld

General Properties of material selected Low carbon Steel

In order for steel to be considered low carbon steel, there are certain characteristics it must meet. For instance, the steel has to have less than .3 percent carbon in its total makeup to be considered low carbon. Low carbon steel also contains pearlite and ferrite as major components. Low carbon steel is generally used straight from the forming process, whether that process is hot forming or cool forming, because that's when it's most workable and easiest to form.

Weldability

Low carbon steel has some of the best weldability of any metal. The reason for this is precisely due to the low carbon content of the metal. As carbon is added to steel, the steel gets harder and harder. This is a desirable outcome if the steel is going to be used structurally, or in a situation where strength is of the utmost importance. However, the harder the steel gets with more carbon, the more prone to cracking it is when you attempt to weld it. As such, low carbon steel doesn't have that problem.

Formability

Low carbon steel also possesses good formability. This means that low carbon steel is easier to form into certain shapes, through such methods as pouring, molding and pressing. Also, low carbon steel is used for case hardened machine parts, chain, rivets, stampings, nails, wire and pipe. The ability of the steel to be turned into a number of

different forms makes it quite versatile. When using low carbon steel, strength isn't the primary concern, because what you lose in rigidity, you gain in formability.
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