EE 2351

IFET COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF EEE POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS YEAR/SEM: III/VI UNIT-4 FAULT ANALYSIS - UNBALANCED FAULTS (16) (16)

1. Derive an expression for a Single Line-to-Ground fault on an unloaded generator. 2. Derive an expression for a Line-to-Line fault on an unloaded generator.

3. Derive an expression for a Double-Line-to-Ground fault of an unloaded generator. (16) 1. 2. 3. 4. Write the initial conditions for the D-L-G fault. Write the symmetrical component of voltage in matrix form. Write the equation to determine the positive sequence current for D- L-G fault. Write the equation to find the fault current for L-L fault.

4. Draw the Zero sequence equivalent circuits for the various possible transformer connections. (16) a. b. c. d. e. star/star connected transformer with neutral of either winding is solidly grounded. Y-Y transformer with both neutrals grounded. Y- transformer with earthed neutral point. Y- transformer with unearthed neutral point. - connected transformer.

5. Fig shows a single line diagram of a simple power system by omitting the resistance and shunt admittances. Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence for the system shown in fig. (16)

6. Fig shows single line diagram of a simple power system by omitting resistance and shunt admittances draw positive, negative and zero sequence network. (16)

IFETCE/EEE/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2351/PSA/VER 1.0

7. Draw positive, negative and zero sequence reactance diagram for the fig shown below.

(16)

8. Determine the positive, negative and zero sequence networks for the system shown in fig. Assume zero sequence reactances for the generators and synchronous motors as 0.06 p.u. current limiting reactors of 2.5 are connected in the neutral of the generator and motor 2.The zero sequence reactance of the transmission line is j300 . (16) IFETCE/EEE/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2351/PSA/VER 1.0

9. Determine the positive, negative and zero sequence networks for the system shown in fig. Assume zero sequence reactances for the generator and synchronous motors as 0.08 p.u. Current limiting reactors of 3 are connected on the neutral of the generator and motor 2. The zero sequence of the transmission line is j400. (16)

10. Two 11KV, 20 MVA, three phase, star connected generators operate in parallel as shown in fig. The positive, negative and zero sequence reactances of each being respectively, j0.18, j 0.15, j0.10 p.u. The star point of one of the generator is isolated and that of the other is earthed through a 2.0 resistor. A single line-to-ground fault occurs at the terminals of one of the generators. Estimate (i) fault current (ii) current in grounded resistor and (iii) voltage across grounding resistor. (Nag)

11. A salient-pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MVA, 13.8 KV and has a direct axis subtransient reactance of 0.25 per unit. The negative and zero sequence reactances are 0.35 and 0.10 per unit respectively. The neutral of the generator is solidly grounded. Determine the sub-transient current in the generator and the line-to-line voltages for subtransients conditions when a single lineto-ground fault occurs at the generator terminals with generator operating unloaded at rated voltage. Neglect resistance. (16) 12. Two synchronous machines are connected through three phase transformers to the transmission line as given in fig. The ratings and reactances of the machines and transformers are: Machines 1 and 2: 100 MVA; 20 KV; Xd=X1=X2=20 %; Xo=4 %; Xn = 5%. IFETCE/EEE/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2351/PSA/VER 1.0

Transformers T1 and T2: 100 MVA; 20 Y/345 Y KV; X=8%. Both transformers are solidly grounded on two sides on a chosen base of 100 MVA, 345 KV in the transmission line circuit. The line reactances are X1=X2=15% and Xo =50 %. The system is operating at nominal voltage without prefault currents when a bolted (Zf=0) single line-to-ground fault occurs on phase a at bus 3. Determine the subtransient current to ground at the fault. (16)

13. A salient-pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MVA, 13.8 KV and has a direct axis subtransient reactance of 0.25 per unit. The negative and zero sequence reactances are 0.35 and 0.10 per unit respectively. The neutral of the generator is solidly grounded. Find the subtransient currents and line-to-line voltages at the fault under subtransient conditions when a line-to-line fault between phase b and phase c occurs at the terminals of the generator. Assume that the generator is unloaded and operating at rated terminal voltage when the fault occurs. Neglect resistance. (16) 14. A salient-pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MVA, 13.8 KV and has a direct axis subtransient reactance of 0.25 per unit. The negative and zero sequence reactances are 0.35 and 0.10 per unit respectively. The neutral of the generator is solidly grounded. Find the subtransient currents and the line-to-line voltage at the fault under subtransient conditions when a double line-to-ground fault involving phase b and occurs at the terminals of the generator. Assume that the generator is unloaded and operating at rated voltage when the fault occurs. Neglect resistance. (16) 15. A generator of negligible resistance having 1 p.u. voltage behind transient reactance is subjected to different types of faults. Type of fault Resulting fault current in p.u 3-Phase 3.33 L-L 2.23 L-G 3.01 Calculate the per unit value of 3 sequence reactances. (16) 16. A double line to ground fault occurs at bus 3 through a fault impedance Zf= j0.1 of the network shown in fig. Determine (a) The fault current at bus 3. (4) (b) Post fault line to ground voltages at bus 3. (4) (c) line to line voltages at bus 3. (4) (d) Actual value of fault current at respective phases. (4)

IFETCE/EEE/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2351/PSA/VER 1.0

17. A double line fault occurs at bus 3 between b and c phases through a fault impedance Zf= j 0.15 of the network as shown in fig. (a) The fault current at bus 3. (6) (b) Actual value of fault current at respective values. (6) (c) Line to line voltages at bus 3. (4)

18. A generator is feeding power to a synchronous motor through two transformers and a transmission line. The data for the equipment are as under Synchronous generator: 15 MVA, 11 KV with X1=X2=20% , X0=10%. 3 phase transformer:1.5 MVA, 11KV/66 KV, X2=10%. Transmission line: 1.5 MVA/66 KV, X1=X2=40 %, X0=60% on a base of 1.5 MVA, 66KV. Synchronous motor: 1.5 MVA, 11KV X1=X2=20% X0=10%. Neutral grounding reactors: 10 % on the KVA and voltage base of the machine. The transmission line is connected between two transformers and two buses. A single line to ground fault (on phase a) occurs on the bus 1 of the system through a fault impedance of j0.15 . Find current during the fault. (use Zbus method). (16) 19. Draw the flow chart for the unsymmetrical fault analysis. 20. Evaluate the step by step procedure to find fault using Zbus matrix. (16) (16)

IFETCE/EEE/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2351/PSA/VER 1.0