PPP Protocol Protocol Overview: In networking Point-to-Point Protocol(PPP) is a datalink protocol commonly used for establishing direct connection

between two networking nodes. PPP is used over many types of physical networks including serial cable, phone line, trunk line, cellular telephone, specialized radio links, and fiber optic links such as SONET. PPP is also used over Internet access connections (now marketed as "broadband"). Internet service providers (ISPs) have used PPP for customer dial-up access to the Internet, since IP packets cannot be transmitted over a modem line on their own, without some data link protocol. Abstract: The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a standard method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP is comprised of three main components: 1. A method for encapsulating multi-protocol datagrams. 2. A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing, configuring, and testing the data-link connection. 3. A family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing and configuring different network-layer protocols.

This document defines the PPP organization and methodology, and the PPP encapsulation, together with an extensible option negotiation Mechanism which is able to negotiate a rich assortment of Configuration parameters and provides additional management Functions. The PPP Link Control Protocol (LCP) is described in terms of this mechanism

Terminologies Used:

Datagram: The unit of transmission in the network layer (such as IP). A datagram may be encapsulated in one or more packet passed to the data link layer. Frame: The unit of transmission at the data link layer. A frame may include a header and/or a trailer, along with some number of units of data. Packet: The basic unit of encapsulation, which is passed across the interface between the network layer and the data link layer. A packet is usually mapped to a frame; the exceptions are when

data link layer fragmentation is being performed, or when multiple packets are incorporated into a single frame. Peer: The other end of the point-to-point link. Silently discard: The implementation discards the packet without further processing. The implementation SHOULD provide the capability of logging the error, including the contents of the silently discarded packet, and SHOULD record the even in a statistics counter.

Components of PPP: PPP consists of three components: 1. A method for encapsulating multi-protocol diagrams. PPP supports either asynchronous link with 8-bits of data with no parity or bit-oriented synchronous links. 2. A Link-Control Protocol(LCP) for establishing, configuring and testing the data-link connection. This allows the two ends to negotiate various link layer options. 3. A family of NCP(Network Control Protocols) for establishing and configuring different network-layer protocols. This allows the two ends to negotiate over various networks layer options.

PPP Configuration Options: Authentication - Peer routers exchange authentication messages. Two authentication choices are Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP). Authentication is explained in the next section. Compression - Increases the effective throughput on PPP connections by reducing the amount of data in the frame that must travel across the link. The protocol decompresses the frame at its destination. See RFC 1962 for more details. Error detection - Identifies fault conditions. The Quality and Magic Number options help ensure a reliable, loop-free data link. The Magic Number field helps in detecting links that are in a looped-back condition. Until the Magic-Number Configuration Option has been successfully negotiated, the Magic-Number must be transmitted as zero. Magic numbers are generated randomly at each end of the connection. Multilink - Provides load balancing several interfaces used by PPP through Multilink PPP.

OMNeT++ o OMNeT++ is a component-based, modular and open-architecture discrete event simulation framework. o The most common use of OMNeT++ is for simulation of computer networks, but it is also used for queuing network simulations, and other areas as well. o OMNeT++ is licensed under the its own Academic Public License, which allows GNU Public License-like freedom but only in noncommercial settings. o OMNeT++ is not a simulator in itself but rather a simulation framework. Instead of containing explicit and hardwired support for computer networks or other areas, it provides the infrastructure for writing such simulations. o Specific application areas are catered by various simulation models and frameworks, most of them open source. These models are developed completely independently of OMNeT++, and follow their own release cycles. Components: 1. 2. 3. 4. simulation kernel library compiler for the NED topology description language OMNeT++ IDE based on the Eclipse platform GUI for simulation execution, links into simulation executable (Tkenv) 5. Command-line user interface for simulation execution (Cmdenv) 6. Utilities (make file creation tool, etc.)

Running Platforms:
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Windows 7,Vista,XP. Unix x86 Mac OS