Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
= +
(4)
and the working process when faults occur is given by the differential equations system:
| | ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ) (
a
s
x t A x t B u t
y t Cx t Du t
A
f t
' = + + +
= + +
A
f t
)
(5)
In the equations of system (5), which give a mathematical algorithm in the continuous
domain, the components faults AA, actuators faults f
a
(t) and transducers faults f
s
(t) have been
considered as additional type ones.
In the same manner, the mathematical algorithm within the discrete domain is given
by:
( 1) ( ) ( ) (
( ) ( ) ( )
a
s s a
x k A x k B u
y k Cx k D u
A S
S S S t
A + = + +
= +
k
(6)
where S
a
and S
s
represents the matrices of the actuators and transducers faults, settled by:
5
6
k
s diag{ }, 1... ; diag{ }, 1... ; 0 1; 0 1
i k i
a a s a a a
S s i m S s k p s s = = = = s s s (7)
considering m actuators and p transducers.
If, for instance s
a
2
=0.9 and s
s
3
=0.8, this means the executive device no. 2 (indicated)
has a 10% failure while transducer 3 (known) has a 20% failure.
Fig. 9 depicts the apparition of a fault at the air bulk transducer that can be seen both
in the dynamic serial of the air consumption per hour (fig. 9a) and by applying the Stockwell
Transform (fig. 9d).
Fig. 9 Fault detection
Eventually, should be mentioned that the minimal number of necessary transducers
results from the conditions that define the analytical redundancy.
References:
1. Nyberg M. Model Based Fault Diagnosis. Methods, Theory and Automotive Engine
Applications. Thesis, Linkoping, Sweden, 1999
2. Copae I. Car Dynamics. Theory and Experimental Research, Military Technical
Academy, Bucharest, 2003
3. Frisk E. Model-based Fault Diagnosis applied to an SI Engine. Master Thesis,
Linkoping, Sweden, 1996
4. Frisk E. Residual Generation for Fault Diagnosis: Nominal and Robust Design.
Dissertation, Linkoping, Sweden, 1998
5. Kanev S. Simultaneous Sensor and Actuator Fault Isolation Given Input/Output
Data. University of Twente, Twente, Netherlands, http://www.sce.tn.utwente.nl, 2001