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(X.3) (X.4)
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Rys.X.1. Infinitely deep potential well. The particle has no right to stay in areas I and III due to the huge potential barrier.
(X.6)
(X.7a) and (X.7b) are two specific solutions of the equation (6). (X.7a) (X.7b)
Eigenfunction y 2 (x) does not satisfy the condition of continuity because: - the lack of continuity By contrast, the self-y 1 (x) is satisfied for this condition:
(X.8)
From formulas (X.5) and (X.8) we get that energy to the n-th energy level is given by:
(X.9)
From formula (X.9) shows that the set of energy {E} is discrete, so quantization. features its own particles confined in the cavity potential: (X.10)
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{A}: a set of continuous (free particle), discrete (particle in the cavity potential) If the value of their own to be more than one eigenfunction that the value is degenerate. If a and n are different eigenfunctions {y 1 , y 2 , ..., y n } is the n - fold degeneracy (degeneracy)
(X.1.1)
where:
(X.1.3)
where:
(X.1.5)
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(X.3.1)
(X.3.2)
we get: (X.3.3)
(X.3.5c)
(X.4.3)
(X.4.5a)
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(X.4.4b) (X.4.4c)
(X.4.5b) (X.4.5c)
Substituting the formulas (X.4.5) obtained earlier component of the momentum operators we get: (X.4.6a)
(X.4.6b)
(X.4.6c) (X.4.7)
Equation (X.4.7) after substituting the value of the component of angular momentum operator (X.4.6c) takes the form: (X.4.7a)
Polar coordinates:
(X.4.8a)
(X.4.8b)
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(X.4.8c)
(X.4.9)
(X.4.10)
(X.4.11)
(X.4.12)
(X.4.13)
Assumptions: A=1
The uniqueness of the function, with this assumption, we find eigenfunctions. (X.4.14)
(X.4.15)
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(X.5.3)
(X.5.6)
In the formula (X.5.6) will be equal to the left side of the right if and only if both sides of the equation will be fixed:
(X.5.7a)
(X.5.7b) (X.5.8)
(X.5.10)
Quantization of L is different than the old quantum theory. According to her, the angular momentum is given by: ,
L L * for large l The biggest difference in the values angular momentum is the minimum value. of From equation (X.5.10) shows that the minimum value of the angular momentum is equal to:
However, according to the old quantum theory, the minimum value of angular momentum:
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where
- Legendre polynomial
l |M| 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 3
Table X.1. Legendre polynomial sample values different values the quantum numbers l and m for of
S electron, the one for which the orbital angular momentum is equal to 0, the electron p - orbital angular momentum equal to 1, etc.
(X.6.1)
(X.6.2)
(X.6.3)
Assumption 2:
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The character of the wave function: a. in one dimension (1D): (X.6.8) b. In three dimensions (3D): (X.6.9)
According to the result of the probability of finding the particle is the same everywhere, which contradicts the definition of particles, because the particle is in a certain place, and not everywhere. A better solution for a free particle wave packet, including solves the problem of location.
(X.7.1)
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(X.7.2)
Expression (X.7.2) is the mathematical form of the wave packet. They can be written as: (X.7.3) Where c (x, t) is the amplitude, and is given by: (X.7.4)
where:
(X.7.5)
Because
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(X.8.1)
(X.8.2)
Wave phase velocity - a velocity at which the phase shifts, eg, point 1
(X.8.3)
(X.8.4)
(X.8.5)
Equation (X.8.5) shows the relationship between the phase velocity v, and the group velocity u These values the same when the speed is independent of wavelength (no dispersion). are
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