Getting Started With PHP and Oracle

PHP for PL/SQL Developers
Lewis Cunningham JP Morgan Chase

1
What is PHP?
PHP is a HTML pre-processor
PHP allows you to generate HTML dynamically PHP is a scripting language usable on the web, the
server and the desktop PHP is embeddable in HTML PHP is resolved on the server, not in the browser PHP has a very easy, and probably familiar, syntax PHP is extremely easy for PL/SQL Developers to add to their toolbox
2
Where did PHP come from?

Created by a developer who wanted to make his job
easier Was originally just a set of Perl scripts Called Personal Home Page tools Version 2.0 was re-written in C 3.0 extended PHP with many new APIs 4.0 Added bad OOP syntax 5.0 Fixed 4.0 6.0 is on the way
3
How does PHP work?

PHP files reside where HTML files live
The web server is configured to serve certain
extensions as static HTML (ex. HTM) and other extensions as PHP (ex. PHP) HTML is served unchanged, PHP is sent to the PHP processor The PHP processor can talk to databases, perform complex logic and knows how to build HTML PHP returns control to the web server which then returns an HTML page to the requesting browser
4
Why PHP for PL/SQL Devs?

Familiar data types, all the usual (sort of)
Procedural OR Object syntax Block based
Exception handling
NULLs Arrays and Objects
Large built-in function list
Using PHP
To use PHP, you'll need to install some softwware
Fortunately, PHP runs on pretty much any OS You'll need a web server Download Apache and PHP Download Zend Server CE (I'm using this today) If you are using a database, install the database first -
I've had much better luck that way
Hello World
<html> <body>
<?php echo Hello World!; ?>
</body>
</html>
Note: While PHP supports using <% and <? instead of
<?php, dont use it. <% is gone in 6 and I hope <? will be gone soon also.
7
Todays quick demo

Convert a static HTML form to PHP
Have it use an Oracle database Display existing data
Add new data

Show Oracles OCI syntax and PHPs PDO syntax In general, if you are working with Oracle, you are
better off with OCI

8
User Comments HTML Form

A not very useful, static HTML form

What does it do?
Not much. Can enter first name, last name and some comments.
Press Ok and it calls itself, returning as an empty form.

What would we like it to do? Enter the same information but save it to a database.
Also, display existing comments below the form.
10
name_page.php
11
Same Form, as PHP
name_page.php
12
Huh?
I just changed the extension from HTML to PHP
My web server is configured to recognize the PHP
extension and send that request to the PHP processor PHP pre-processes HTML If it finds PHP instructions, it executes them This page has no PHP so the processor passes it through unchanged
13
The First Change PHP Freebie
name_page1.php
14
<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] ; ?>

Remember, <?php tells the preprocessor that PHP
code is coming and ?> ends it The echo procedure is sort of like HTP.PRN, it sends the text to the web page $ says this is a variable _SESSION is a global super variable Items in [] are array elements, $_SESSION is an associative array PHP instructions end with a ;
15
Starting some real code
name_page2.php
16
Line 1 : Start PHP code

Lines 3-5 : Initialize variables Line 7 : See if the _POST supervariable has my forms
items Lines 8-10 : Assign the values of the _POST array to my variables Line 12 : Display variables to web page Line 14 : End PHP code
17
Changing the HTML
name_page2.php
18
Redisplay entered data

Remember the echo function sends output to the web
page <input type="text" name="first_name" value="<?php echo $fname ?>"/> This sets the value attribute of "first_name" to what the user entered We set the values of these variables in the PHP block above User entries will be redisplayed after pressing enter
19
Now when we run, before OK
20
After OK
21
Reusing Code in PHP

Include Insert code into another script, will give a
warning if the file can't be found Require Insert code into a script, fail with an error if the file can't be loaded Include_once, require_once Same as the above but checks to see if the file has already been loaded and will not load it a second time Files for Include and Require can be anywhere on the file system PHP_INI has an INCLUDE_PATH
22
Best Practice Alert

Included and required files Do not put your include files in the document root of your web server You will often put important information, like database passwords, in these files If the files are viewable, someone may find them, even if accidentally You can put these files anywhere, on any file system, that is accessible from a command line
23
Connecting to the Database
name_page3.php
24
The connection
Yellow is the actual OCI connection string (username, password and database)
The code circled in red just displays an error message if the connection fails Htmlentities makes sure the text is safe to display on the web page
connect.inc
25
After the connection

In this case, unless the connection fails, we don't see
any differences View the generated HTML code and there is no difference there either The connection will end when the current page is finished being generated You can use persistent connections and connection pooling (both discussed further, later)
26
Now to see some data

At this point we want to see any existing records so we
will include code to select and fetch That means creating a table in the database and adding a record
user_comments.sql
27
Selecting some data

We are adding a select and fetch step at the bottom of
our web page
name_page4.php
28
Selecting and Fetching
oci_fetch.inc
29

Line 3 : This is the select statement. This line is like the
parse step in DBMS_SQL Line 5 : Executes the select and checks for success Line 17 : This is the exception code that executes should the oci_execute fail Lines 6 15 : This is where the code is generated
An HTML table is created
The while loop gets the row data The foreach loops through the columnar data
30
Looping
This while loop in this code is a very traditional while.
While something is true, continue. The foreach is much like the PL/SQL cursor for loop or looping through an Oracle associative array (which in this case, $row IS an associative array) PHP also offers
DO..WHILE traditional do loop which always executes
at least once before checking the condition FOR Traditional for loop, for (init, check value, increment) for ($var = 1, $var <= 5, $var++)
31

Oci_fetch_array fetches an easy to use associative array
Oci_fetch_array can return an associative array, a numeric
array or both Alternatives to oci_fetch_array are

Oci_fetch_row like fetch array but with only a numeric index Oci_fetch_all Return ALL rows into a user defined array
32
What it looks like now
33
A little cleanup Best Practice?

Time to clean up the HTML a little
Moving all executable code to INCLUDE files Personal standard CSS External so that designers own it DB Code External include files so that DB guys own it PHP Code Mostly external so that pure code changes are separate from HTML changes
34
Init.inc
init.inc
35
Inserting a record, HTML change
name_page5.php
36
Why would insert be at the top?

Unless you use AJAX, HTML only does something
when the user requests it In this case, the user requests a new page The new page is this page, but with any changes POSTed This is, by default, the only way for HTML to see a change Request Page Make changes Submit Page Server Processes Returns a new page
37
Inserting a record, include file
oci_insert.inc
38
Inserting a record
Lines 2-6 : Code that was in the HTML file, now
moved to the include file Lines 8-10 : oci_parse, the SQL INSERT statement Lines 12-14 : bind the page variables to SQL variables Line 16 : The insert is executed Lines 17-18 : Exception handling if insert fails Line 20 : Success message
39
No what is it doing?
40
Can we improve this?

A general best practice for any web application is to
not embed your data logic in the application The optimal approach is to make an API available and keep specific knowledge of the database, in the database In this case, both our insert and our select can be moved to a stored procedure Will tackle the insert first
41
A User Comments Package, Spec
user_comments_pkg.sql
42
A User Comments Package, Body
user_comments_pkg.sql
43
A new oci_insert.inc
oci_insert_proc.inc
44
What changed?
The only thing that changed is that the insert was
converted to a stored proc call

The variables are still bound
The execution is the same

Exception handling is the same The display hasn't changed
45
Bigger changes for the Select
oci_select_proc.inc
46
Step by Step
We now have 2 cursors A ref cursor is a cursor inside a cursor We get a cursor on the stored proc call and another on
the OUT parameter for the return record set
We bind the ref parameter (:ref) to the new cursor
($ref_cursor)
47
Step by Step
We execute $stmt which is the stored proc call If that is successful, we execute the ref cursor
48
Step by Step
The remainder of the code is executed as normal
The row fetch is followed by the item fetch, using the
$ref_cursor variable instead of the $stmt variable
We handle execptions for both executes
49
Using PDO instead of OCI

OCI is an oracle specific driver
You can't run OCI against MySQL, or other databases PHP offers a native wrapper called PDO
With PDO, your code can be reused between
databases PDO does not support REF Cursors or some other Oracle specific constructs Oracle recommends using the OCI package
50
References and additional info

PHP.net The best resource for any PHP needs
PHP.net/Manual Online and downloadable PHP
manual Zend.com The Zend engine and plenty of useful documentation eclipse.org/pdt Eclipse PDT project, PHP Development Tools PHPBuiler.com Tutorials, articles, forum
51

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PHP for PL/SQL Developers

Lewis Cunningham JP Morgan Chase

Where did PHP come from?

How does PHP work?

Why PHP for PL/SQL Devs?

Large built-in function list

I've had much better luck that way

<?php echo Hello World!; ?>

Note: While PHP supports using <% and <? instead of

Todays quick demo

Add new data

better off with OCI

User Comments HTML Form

User Comments HTML Form

Press Ok and it calls itself, returning as an empty form.

Also, display existing comments below the form.

User Comments HTML Form

Same Form, as PHP

The First Change PHP Freebie

<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] ; ?>

Starting some real code

Line 1 : Start PHP code

Changing the HTML

Redisplay entered data

Now when we run, before OK

Reusing Code in PHP

Best Practice Alert

Connecting to the Database

After the connection

Now to see some data

Selecting some data

our web page

Selecting and Fetching

Selecting and Fetching

Selecting and Fetching

array or both Alternatives to oci_fetch_array are

What it looks like now

A little cleanup Best Practice?

Inserting a record, HTML change

Why would insert be at the top?

Inserting a record, include file

Can we improve this?

A User Comments Package, Spec

A User Comments Package, Body

converted to a stored proc call

The execution is the same

Bigger changes for the Select

the OUT parameter for the return record set

We bind the ref parameter (:ref) to the new cursor

$ref_cursor variable instead of the $stmt variable

We handle execptions for both executes

Using PDO instead of OCI

With PDO, your code can be reused between

References and additional info

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