MDGs 2011

The millennium development goals were set in 2000 to give the world a target to achieve by 2015.Unfortunately due to a number of unforeseen circumstances they failed to achieve these, some of these circumstances are as follows:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Global economic downturn Worldwide security crises Trust deficit between nations Environmental degradation Lack of political will Improper implementation Lack of practicality in the targets Lack of focus on local participation The relative state of underdevelopment in most countries was not taken into consideration Lack of consideration of cultural and religious diversities within countries

As we have recognized that improper implementation was one of the major reasons that cause the failure of the MDGs, we advise the UN General Assembly to form a UNDP sub-committee with a mandate to implement and monitor the MDGs. This sub-committee will work with the IATA to monitor the used of aid and stop corruption. The sub-committee will consist of experts from all over the world. The aim of the sub committees is to focus on regions lagging behind in the achievement of the MDGs and work towards introducing specific implementation methods with reference to these areas. The Global Millennium Summit (GMS) recognizes the dire need to address the above mentioned issues to promote the principles set forth by the Millennium Declaration and in order to make the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) more achievable and realistic, GMS proposes revision of the MDGs in accordance with the following goals, targets and framework whilst measuring progress with the revised list of indicators:

Official list of MDG indicators All indicators should be disaggregated by sex and urban/rural as far as possible. Effective 15 July 2011 Goals and Targets Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1A: Reduce the number of people living under the poverty line 1.1 Proportion of population below $1.25 (PPP) per daya by 1.2 Poverty gap ratio Target 1B: Halve the number of people living under the poverty line 1.3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Target 1C: Reduce the number of people living under the poverty line by Target 2A: Achieve decent employment for the percentage of people who became unemployed due to the recent financial crisis Target 2B: Halve the unemployment rate of the country Target 2C: Reduce the unemployment rate by 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Growth rate of GDP per person employed Employment-to-population ratio Proportion of employed people living below $1.25 (PPP) per day Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment 1.8 Proportion of people permanently unemployed 1.9 Proportion of people who can afford at-least one meal a day 1.10 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age 1.11 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption 1.12 Government reports Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Indicators for monitoring progress

Target 3A: Reduce the number of malnourished people by Target 3B: Halve the number of malnourished people Target 3C: Reduce the number of malnourished people by Target 4: Reduce the disparity among the rich and the poor Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Target 1A: Free for all primary education.

2.1 Proportion of children receiving free primary education

Target 2A: Enrolment of children in primary education to be 100%

2.2 Net enrolment ratio in primary education

2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary
2.3 Net enrolment ratio in secondary education

Target 3A: Increase enrolment rate in secondary education to 60% Target 3B: Increase enrolment rate in secondary education to 80% Target 3C: Increase enrolment rate in secondary education to 100%

2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 6 who reach last grade of secondary 2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men 2.4 Proportion of pupils going to secondary education after primary education
2.4 Percentage of children passing out of the primary schools

Target 4B: Completion of a full course of primary education

Target 5: Increase the development of infrastructure for education in developing countries

2.5 Number of schools in a country and other related infrastructure.

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Target 1: Government constitutions are to state that men and women 3.1 Government constitutions stating that men and women and equal. are equal.

Target 2: Increase female enrolment rate in primary education to 100% 3.2 Ratios of girls to boys in primary education

Target 3: Increase female enrolment rate in secondary education to 100% Target 4: Increase political representation of women

3.3 Ratios of girls to boys in secondary education

3.4 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament and

other political bodies.

Target 5: Women and men should be equal in public sector and the judiciary. Target 6A: Increase employment opportunities for women in nonagricultural sector by Target 6B: Employment opportunities to women in non-agricultural sector to be equal to that of men

3.5 Proportion of seats held by women in public companies, judicial

bodies etc.

3.6 Proportion of women earning equally to men in the same positions 3.7 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural

sector

3.8

Target 7: Equal provision of tertiary education to both men and women 3.9 Ratios of girls to boys in tertiary education

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Target 1A: Reduce by the under-5 mortality rate. Target 1B: Reduce by the under-5 mortality rate. Target 1C: Reduce by 3/4 the under-5 mortality rate.

4.1 Under-five mortality rate 4.2 Infant mortality rate

Target 2A: Increase the percentage of 1 year olds immunized against 4.3 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles all major preventable diseases (as recommended the WHO) by 4.4 Number of professionals available per unit area Target 2B: Complete immunization against all major preventable diseases (as recommended the WHO) Goal 5: Improve maternal health Target 1A: Reduce by the maternal mortality ratio Target 1B: Reduce by the maternal mortality ratio Target 2A: Increase the access to reproductive health by Target 2B: Universal access to reproductive health Target 3A: Complete access to maternal health
5.1 Maternal mortality ratio 5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

Contraceptive prevalence rate Adolescent birth rate Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits) Unmet need for family planning Proportion of population which have access to maternal health.

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 1A: Achieve universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all 6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex those who need it 6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years 6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs Target 2A: Halve the occurrence of HIV/AIDS. Target 2B: Halt the spread of HIV/AIDS. Target 2C: Begin the reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Target 3A: Complete elimination of the malaria epidemic.

6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course 6.11 Prevalence of MDR-TB.

Target 4: Achieve universal access to TB prevention free treatment. Target 5A: Achieve universal access to TB prevention treatment for HIV/AIDS patients. Target 5B: Complete elimination of TB cases in Non-HIV patients.

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Target 1A: Reduce by 10% the amount of carbon emissions per capita 7.1 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) Target 1B: Reduce by 20% the amount of carbon emissions per capita 7.2 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances Target 1C: Reduce by 30% the amount of carbon emissions per capita 7.3 Proportion of total water resources used

Target 2A: Increase by 10% the global forested area. Target 2B: Increase by 20% the global forested area. Target 2C: Increase by 30% the global forested area. Target 3A: Conservation of 10% of the wildlife areas and fisheries Target 3B: Conservation of 20% of the wildlife areas and fisheries Target 3C: Conservation of 30% of the wildlife areas and fisheries Target 4A: Reducing the number of slum settlements by 15% Target 4B: Reducing the number of slum settlements by 30% Target 4C: Reducing the number of slum settlements by 50% Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

7.4 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source 7.5 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility

7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected

Proportion of species threatened with extinction Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits 7.7 Proportion of land area covered by forest
7.8 Proportion of urban population living in slums

Official development assistance (ODA) 8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors gross national income 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied 8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes Target 2: Promote trust-building measures between countries to 8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of increase trade cooperation. their gross national incomes Market access Target 3: Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small 8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and islands to promote development prospects. excluding arms) from developing countries and least developed countries, admitted free of duty Target 4: Assess the economic opportunities available globally and 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural diversify the world economy accordingly. products and textiles and clothing from developing countries Target 1: Reduce the amount of quotas and tariffs imposed by developed countries on imports from least developed countries and move towards potential abolishment.

8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product 8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity Target 5: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the Debt sustainability benefits of new technology to increase productivity of countries. 8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion Target 6: Assess the need and requirement of less developed points (cumulative) countries regarding information and communication technology (ICT); 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI Initiatives devise and implement strategies to provide ICT where needed. 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services 8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 8.16 Internet users per 100 population Goal 9 : Reduce racial, religious and ethnic discrimination Target 1. Ensure all forms of discrimination including, religious, 9.1 Governments to work with UNHRC and UNICEF and collect statistical data on religious, ethnic and racial discrimination. caste, and racial are eradicted

Target 2. Racial discrimination reduced by 30% in 2015, in 60% in 2020, and by 100% in 2025 Target 3. Religious discrimination reduced by 30% in 2015, 50% in 2020, and 70% in 2025 Target 4. Caste discrimination to be reduced by 20% in 2015, 40% in 2020, and 60% in 2025 Target 5. Finish religious, ethnic and caste bias in education curriculum

MDG 1 Framework Role of the Government To increase public spending for the creation of jobs To subsidies food distribution programs for the malnourished or under-nourished people To formulate job opportunities for the low-income group to help them come at par with the middle-income groups or better. To invest in welfare programs which provide cash transfers to people at or under the poverty line Collaborate with NGOs to provide vocational training programs to help the unemployed and low-income population attain employment To work with the WFP and FAO for the development of agricultural sector in the country in order to reduce food shortages in the country. Role of NGOs To establish food-distributing programs for the low-income groups, especially slum dwellers Guide the low-income population to a better living standard. MDG 2 Framework Role of the Government Allocation of a sufficient proportion of the countrys GDP towards education. Collaborate with NGOs to raise awareness among people to the benefits of attain education. Collaborate with UNESCO and WFP to provide incentives such as food and stipend programs to increase enrollment in schools. To develop infrastructure and provide accessible schools throughout the country Initiate a Special Fund for promoting education for the disabled students The Education Ministry of the country to collaborate with UNESCO to develop a uniform education system to improve the credibility of the education in the country. Focus on providing cultural education and promotion of indigenous languages. Initiating workshops or other suitable measure to train teachers so as to improve the quality of education. Provide vocational training at secondary schools. Ensure that disabled children get adequate opportunities to have access to quality education and develop specialized institutions where necessary. Pass suitable legislation to eradicate child labour as the country progresses towards achieving the MDG Role of the Private sector and NGOs Provide education in urban as well as rural areas, with scholarships to encourage enrollments. Promote volunteer work by teachers and students in private educational institutions to train teachers in rural areas and generally improve educational standards and/or methods. Role of the Media Spread awareness of the importance of education and the availability of better jobs as a result of it. Publicize the incentives for education provided by the government. Educate the local population about the merits of education compared with child labour.

Emphasize how attainment of education will lead to greater economic, social and political progress for the people and the country as a whole.

MDG 3 Framework Role of the Government To work towards signing and ratifying CEDAW Adequate ownership and inheritance rights for women. Collaborate with NGOs to provide incentives for families to send their female children to school such as stipend and cash transfer programs. Constitutionally set a minimum marriage age, which allows girls to complete full courses of primary and secondary education. Construct secondary and higher education institutions, especially for women in rural areas. Formulate plans to take effective measures to reduce and eventually eradicate gender based violence, sexual harassment and discrimination. Implementation of social protection policies in labour markets to eradicate gender discrimination within the work force. Legislation should be passed on national levels to address and counter the wide gaps that persist in paid employment. Constitutionally increase the representation of women in public decision making sectors such as the parliaments, judiciary etc. Invest in creating employment opportunities in the tertiary sector Pass legislation against religious or cultural discrimination in employment. Protection of transgender rights as recognized by the UNHRC in accordance with the soical and cultural dimensions within the society. Changes in the judicial and legislative system to incorporate of internationally ratified treaty in countrys legal system. Role of NGOs Awareness through the mass media should be promoted to make women realize their rights. Role of International Agencies The UN ambassador program should be expanded in order to provide motivation and inspiration to women in society. Role of the Private sector To ensure that religious or cultural discrimination does not make job opportunities inaccessible to women To ensure that gender stereotypes do not make job opportunities inaccessible to women

MDG 4 Framework: Role of the Government: To promote breast-feeding and natural births in collaboration with NGOs and civil society organizations To formulate a plan to build more hospitals and mobile clinics and upgrade the existing ones simultaneously

To raise awareness of healthier child birth methods, immunizations programs and prophylactic programs for treatment of micro-nutrient deficiencies, especially through media Expanding health programs to remote areas of the country To develop infrastructure to facilitate the expansion of health care To encourage research and identification of the causes which contribute to high child mortality rates and formulate plans to tackle them. To establish district offices for recording statistical data about child births and mortality rates. Collaborate with foreign agencies to train local doctors To increase the proportion of GNP spent on health care.

Role of NGOs Start programs to collect funds and implement policies to provide vaccinations to improve the health conditions, especially in rural areas. Universal provision of basic health knowledge Mass Media Mass media should play an important part to spread the awareness of the presence of contraceptives, family planning and the importance of the gap between the births. Role of international Organs WHO programs to provide adequate nutrition to infants and mothers

MDG 5 Framework: Role of the Government: The parliament to conclude abortion laws to tackle maternal mortality. To increase the proportion of GDP spent on health care. To train lady doctors, nurses and midwives and extend maternal health care nation-wide. To promote family planning policies by teaming up with NGOs To set up mobile maternal clinics with proper health workers and instruments. To introduce education programs and cash transfer programs for women, especially girls, to encourage high literacy rates which are likely to discourage high fertility rates as well as to provide incentive for lower number of pregnancies. To formulate a plan to build more hospitals and mobile clinics and upgrade the existing ones simultaneously Hospitals and health centers should be accommodating to the needs of culturally sensitive people. Collaborate with foreign agencies and developed countries to train local doctors Collaborate with WHO to provide nutrition to women with pregnancy or child-birth complications. To establish district offices for recording statistical data about pregnancy, fertility and maternal mortality rates. Collaborate with NGOs and health institutions to devise a strategy of providing at least 4 prenatal examinations during pregnancy to women who are expecting. NGOs Promote maternal welfare programs and contraception methods.

Increase awareness of the benefits of standardized maternal health care Encourage people to accept and attain the services of mobile clinics

Private and Public sector Employment opportunities for women to be expanded to discourage early marriages and high fertility rates. Facilities (such as day care centers etc) to be provided to encourage women who are mothers to take up jobs Mass Media Spread awareness of the presence of contraceptives, family planning and the importance of the gap between the births.

MDG 6 Framework Role of the Government To comply with WHO regulations and strategies (such as DOTS) in order to insure the developed countries do not stop the flow of aid. Collaborate with developed countries to provide funding and expertise for the training of medical personnel who can identify and treat the above-mentioned disease Increase awareness of HIV/AIDS through sex education in the secondary institutions. Commercial sex trade to be regulated and sex trade workers to be educated about safe sex practices Invest in the production of generic medicines to reduce the cost of medical health in accordance with the International Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Pass new, comprehensive immigration laws and regulate migration. In areas facing humanitarian crisis internally displaced persons and refugees to be given special attention to prevent the spread of the afore-mentioned diseases. Develop special centers for tuberculosis, especially in remote areas. Research and identification of the causes, resulting problems and possible solutions of HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other life-threatening diseases like cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, swine flu etc. Expand the provision of needles and other medical instruments to improve hygiene and medical standards. Role of NGOs and the Media Raise awareness about how HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB and other diseases spread, and how to prevent their occurrence. To promote the use of contraceptives and benefits of family planning To promote education of safe sex practices To educate mothers, especially those in remote areas, about the causes, associated problems and possible solutions to Mother to Chile Transmission of HIV/AIDS. Role of International Agencies The UN to expand the UN ambassador program Monitor the progress and the efficacy of the aid provided. Encourage the provision of national and international reforms to people in remote areas.

Role of developed countries Increase non-monetary aid in the form treatments and preventative measures (insecticidetreated malaria nets, antiretroviral drugs, ionized treatment etc.).

MDG 7 Role of government Conservation of the proportion of forested areas and fisheries by passing legislation Work upon a potential signing and ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. Reducing the number of slum settlements by initiating public welfare programs Reducing the amount of per capita carbon emissions by passing legislation and adopting strategies for usage of renewable sources of energy such as biofuels. In collaboration with NGOs, raise awareness about the demerits of the global climatic change and the importance of the above mentioned policies. Invest in desalinization machinery and water-treatment/purification plants to improve water supply Improve and expand infrastructural facilities to reduce and eventually eliminate the dependency on fossil fuels and firewood which contribute to environmental degradation. Reserve land for animal grazing to reduce deforestation and landslides due to overgrazing Forest management agencies to be encouraged or legislatively bound to use selective cutting methods to sustain valuable forest species. Promote eco-tourism in collaboration with NGOs and the private sector Focus on public transport facilities Encourage the private sector to keep in mind the social costs of production. Promote green energy Legislate the installation of catalytic converters in motor vehicles Subsidize sanitation technology and expand infrastructure Expansion of proper sewage networks To subsidies food and housing provisions for slum dwellers Introducing the concept eco compass of industrial symbiosis to tackle the problems of the environment Role of NGOs To start aforestation programs, especially in environmentally critical areas. To formulate local-level programs to gather public support for the above mentioned policies Promote alternative transport method such as public buses etc Increase community-based afforestion and reforestation programs. To carry out social welfare programs to improve the lives of slum dwellers. (subsidized food, provision of infrastructure, educational incentives) Promote the establishment of small-scale and cottage industries Role of private sector To incorporate environmental friendly production methods Factories to install filter in exhaustion pipes. To establish factories which manufacture renewable energy machinery.

MDG 8 Framework Role of local and foreign governments Attend international conferences and advocate the congregation of such forums. Countries should take advantage of the comparative and absolute advantages in trade that they have. Regional and international trade to be encouraged through trading organizations. Reduce the technical and political barriers to trade. Developed countries to give 0.7% of GNI as already agreed and negotiate debt relief of HIPC accordingly. Developed countries to reduce/abolish protectionist measures Developed countries to increase Foreign Direct investment (FDI) for the development of developing countries. Developed countries to increase their institutional capacity according to their needs and requirements. Role of NGO's To communicate the advantages of potential international prospects for better relations between countries which currently have strained relations. Role of International Financial Bodies To increase funding of micro-finance banks to build the internal economy of the country Role of World Trade Organization (WTO) Should encourage development of free trade zones

MDG 9 Framework Ensure that all countries have ratified the European commission of Human Rights (ECHR) and those rights are being properly implemented so that infringement of the rights no longer takes place Setting up special bodies such as UNHRC in collaboration with NGOs to raise the voices of communities deprived of basic human rights with reference to religious, ethnic and caste rights Focusing attention on Sub Saharan African region and South east Asian region so as to ensure o that they too are taken into consideration