THE PREFERRED FORMAT FOR REFERENCING IN THIS MODULE IS THE HARVARD REFERENCING METHOD.

Citation format: The basic format for a citation is (Author, date) or (Authors, date). For example, (Brackman, 1980) or (Gonick&Wheelis, 1983). Most editors prefer that you use "&" rather than "and". Here are a few refinements and exceptions to this principle.

In scientific papers, ibid, op. cit., and similar constructions should be avoided. If there are more than two authors, you should use "et al.". For example, (Barkowet al., 1992) instead of (Barkow, Cosmides, and Tooby, 1992). When citing multiple sources for a fact or idea; put them all within the same set of parentheses and separate them with semicolons. Sort the sources by date (oldest first) and alphabetically if two sources share the same date. For example, (Darwin, 1872; Ardrey, 1966; Williams, 1966; Carey, 1982). When citing two or more works by the same author, only list the author's name once and separate the dates of the works with commas. For example, (Barkow, 1973, 1978, 1989; Leslie, 1987, 1988). If two or more of the works were published in the same year, use letters after the date to distinguish them. For example, (Daly & Wilson, 1984a, 1984b, 1987). Use these same letters when you give the reference for the citation in your bibliography. Page numbers are normally not used, except to cite a direct quote. When citing a direct quote, put the page number(s) after the date, and separated from the date by a colon. For example, (Hooton, 1935: 113114). If you mention the author's name in the text of your paper, include only the date in parentheses, following the name. For example, Conroy (1997) discusses A. ramidus, but Lewin (1989) doesn't.

References: The entries in your bibliography are called references. References should correspond with the citations in your paper. This means that every citation in the text of your paper must have a corresponding reference in your bibliography. Do not include a reference more than once, even if you cite it many times. Do not include references in your bibliography that were not cited in the text of your paper. a. Reference styles vary considerably, and change through time. The most important components of a reference are: (1) The name(s) of the author(s), (2) The date of publication, (3) The title of the work, and (4) How and where the work may be found. How and where the work may be found may consist of a journal title with volume and page numbers, a publisher's name and main city of operation, or other information. HARVARD SYSTEM OF REFERENCING: Referencing in the text: A single author (Surname, date) eg (Lewin, 1994) Dual authors (Surname and Surname, date) (Lewin and Saunders, 1994) More than two authors (Surname et al., date) (Lewinet al., 1994) Different authors with the same surname (Surname, Initial. date) (Smith, J., 1995) Different publications by the same author (Surname, date, date) in ascending date (Lewin, 1994, 1998)

Other examples:

If an author referred to another author where the original has not been read (secondary reference) use format (Surname, date, cited by Surname, date) (Lewin, 1994, cited by Saunders, 1998) Newspaper article with no obvious author (Publication name, date) e.g. (Argus, 1999) Internet site (Site title, date) A direct quotation (Surname,date:page) where page is the page in the original publication on which the quotation appears.

Referencing in the assignment/report:

Bibliography

/Reference

list

at

end

of

List all references alphabetically, and list all surnames and initials in full. If there is more than one reference by the same author, list the references chronologically (by date)

Books: Surname, Initials. (Date) Name of Book, Place where published, Publisher. E.g. Saunders, M.N.K. (1993) Understanding Business Statistics, London, DP Publications Ltd. Saunders, M.N.K. and Cooper, S.A. (1994) Understanding Business Economics, London, DP Publications Ltd.

Chapter in an edited Book: Surname, Initials (Date) Chapter title in Surname, Initials.and Surname, Initials. (Editions), Title, Place of Publication, Publisher, page numbers

Journal article:

Surname, Initials and Surname, Initials. (Date) Title of article, Journal name, volume number, part number, pages Storey, J., Cressey, P., Morris, T. and Wilkinson, A. (1997) Changing employment practices in UK banking: case studies, Personnel Review, 26:1, 24-42

Newspapers: Surname, Initials.and Surname, Initials., (date) Title of article, Newspaper name, day, month, pages Roberts, D., (2006) BAe sells property for R10m, The Argus, 10 October, p.10 If there is no obvious author: Newspaper name (date) Title of article, Newspaper name, day, month, pages

Internet site: Site title (date) Title of page within site where applicable (online) (cited day month year). Available from <URL:http://www.remainder of full internet address>. Hershaw, S. (2006) Summary of the project. (Online) (cited 29 September 2006) Available from http://www.khanya.co.za/projectinfo/?catid=32.

Journal article published on internet: Surname, Initials.and Surname, Initials. (date) Title of article, Journal name, volume number, part number (online) (cited day month year). Available from <URL:http://www.remainder of full internet address>. Letters: Surname, Initials.and Surname, Initials. (date) Unpublished letter: subject matter

Electronic mail Surname, Initials. (date) subject matter (email to the author (online).