Chemistry 3U Notes

The following is an extremely condensed record of the 3U

course. It is an excellent tool for test/exam preparation and
should be used in conjunction with practice problems. It is
designed to help with terms/concepts but not application.

How to use the guide:

Chemistry
At the top of the page the header helps organize the notes
Gr. 11 IB into IB topics, Ontario Units and Test Numbers.

2008-2009 Ex)

By: David Kong IB TOPIC 10: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ONTARIO UNIT 5 – HYDROCARBONS
Teacher: Mr. Marsh TEST #5, REVIEW 1 OF 1
FORMATTER: DAVID KONG
23 Pages
PAGE 1 OF 1

Use the table of contents on the electronic version for easy

access. Items organized:

Title (Test Number).(Ontario Unit).(IB Topic)

Ex) Hydrocarbons 5.5.10
IBTopic2:AtomicStructure
OntarioUnit1–MatterandBonding
Test#1,Review1of3
Formatter:DavidKong

஺
௓ܺ 
A=massnumber,p++n
Z=atomicnumber,P+

ISOTOPES

x Twoormoreformsofthesameelementthatdifferintheirmassnumberbecausetheyhavedifferent
numbersofneutronsintheirnuclei

Ex)Therearecarbon12andcarbon13atoms

x Sometimeselementshavetoomanyortoofewneutronsandemitradiationandarecalledradioisotopes
x StablenucleihavetheappropriateratioofprotonsandneutronsandfallwithintheBANDOF
STABILITY.REFERTOFIG1.7PG.14

RELATIVEATOMICMASS

Isthemassofanyatomcomparedwiththemassofanatomofanotherelement.Inscience,thatotherelementis
alwaysoneparticularformofcarbon.TheatomweuseisC12.Atomicmassunit=1/12ofmassofC12=1u.

AVERAGEATOMICMASS

Istheatomicmassofthemixtureofisotopesofanelementthatisusuallyfoundinnature

ܽ‫ ݏݏܽ݉ܿ݅݉݋ݐܽ݁݃ܽݎ݁ݒ‬ൌ ‫ כ ܯ‬Ψ ൅ ‫ כ ܯ‬Ψ

MASSSPECTROMETER

x Usedtodetermineatomic/molecularmassesandrelativeconcentration
x Atomsneedtobechargedsotheycanbeaffectedbyamagneticfield
x Atomsarebombardedbyhighenergyelectrons
x Collisionscreatecations
x Ionsthenacceleratedbytwooppositelychargedplates
x Cationspassthroughamagneticfield,andbenddependingonmass
x Lowerthemass,moredeflection
x Resultsinamassspectrum,anarrayofionstreams
x Usedinmedicine/pharmaceuticalmanufacturingetc.

1


IBTopic3:Periodicity
OntarioUnit1–MatterandBonding
Test#1,Review2of3
Formatter:DavidKong

PERIODICTABLE

MODERNPERIODICLAW:elementsarrangedinorderofincreasingatomicnumbershowaperiodicrepetitionof
properties

x Thelocationofanelementontheperiodictablecanhelpdeterminemanychemicalandphysical
propertiesofthatelement.REFERTOEX.1,PG.9

PERIODICTRENDS
 GroupTrend Reason PeriodicTrend Reason




AtomicRadius Radius Electronsonhigher Radius Moreprotonsinnucleus
increases energylevels Decreases attractelectronsmore
Shieldingeffect greatly
(screeningeffect)1 Electronsaddedtothe
sameenergylevel
(repulsion)
IonizationEnergy IEdecreases Electronsfurtherfrom IEincreases Increasingnuclearcharge
Theenergyneeded nucleusandaremore holdsontoelectronsmore
toremovean looselyheld strongly
electronfroma
gaseousatom
ElectronAffinity IEdecreases Theatomislarger,making IEIncreases Theatomissmaller,and
istheenergy itharderfortheatomto thenucleushasmore
releasedwhenan acceptanelectron(lower attraction
electronisaddedto nuclearattraction)
agaseousatom
Electronegativity ENdecreases Bondingelectronsare ENincreases Moreprotonspullthe
Isthepropertythat furtheraway,lesspull electronstowardsit
determinesthe towardsthenucleus
relativestrengthof
attractionbyan
atomofabonding
electronpairina


1
innerenergylevelsblockattractionofnucleusfromouterenergylevels


1

IBTOPIC1:QUANTITATIVECHEMISTRY;1.4GASESCALCULATIONS
ONTARIOUNIT4–GASES
TEST#4,REVIEW1OF1
FORMATTER:DAVIDKONG
PAGE1OF2

INFORMATIONONDATABOOKLET

ͳܽ‫ ݉ݐ‬ൌ ͳͲͳǤ͵݇ܲܽ ൌ ͹͸Ͳ͹͸Ͳ‫ ݎݎ݋ݐ‬ൌ ͹͸Ͳ݉݉‫݃ܪ‬

StandardTemperatureandPressure(STP)=22.4L/mol
StandardAmbientTemperatureandPressure(STP)=24.8L/mol
GasConstant:R=8.31
Temperature:0C=273K

GASLAWS

ܸܲ ൌ ܴ݊ܶ

CombinedGasLaw Boyle’sLaw Charles’sLaw GayLusac’sLaw

V P V P V P V P
T T T T
   

 InverselyProportional DirectlyProportional DirectlyProportional

GASESANDTHEKINETICMOLECULARTHEORY

KINETICMOLECULARTHEORY

1. Allmattermadeofparticles
2. Particlesalwaysmoving
3. Heatitup,itmovesfaster

ASSUMPTIONSFORIDEALGAS

1. Volumeofparticlesiszero
2. Particlesmoveinstraightlinesbeforecollision
3. Nolossofenergywhen2particlescollide
4. Noattractionbetweengasparticles
5. Atagiventemperature,theaveragekineticenergyoftheparticlesinallgasesisthesame