Structural Interventions To Combat Flooding

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5-Day Training Workshop On Flood Mitigation Title: Structural Interventions to Combat Flooding February 16, 2010 Islamabad NDMA-UNDP
On: At: Organized By:
Sequence of Lecture
Definition of Flood Protection; Objective of Flood Protection; How Flood Protection is achieved; Structural Interventions.
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What is Flood Protection?

Flood protection is the provision of major medium & long-term structural measures that physically stop some or all flood water from entering a designated area; It dose not necessarily mean complete protection from flood; OR Provision of controlled flooding and drainage.
Objective Ensuring continuation of normal or improved social and economic activity within a designated area during and after a flood event.
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How Flood Protection Can Be Achieved?
Through structural interventions; Through non-structural interventions.
Structural Interventions
Flood Embankments/Bunds; Retired Bund; Marginal Bund; Spur/Groyne; Stud; Guide Bank;
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Pitched Island; Gabion Retaining Walls; Submerged Sills; Delay Action Dams; Flood Diversion/Dispersion Structures
Flood Embankments/Bunds: They are low height earthen embankments; Extending, generally parallel to the river channel; Designed to protect the area behind them from overflow of fl d fl f floods; Aligned on high ridge of natural banks of a river;
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Flood Embankments/Bunds: Where land is high; Suitable construction material is available; Inhabited areas, settlements and properties along the i th river b k are l ft outside th b d bank left t id the bund; They can be stone pitched also.
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Retired Embankments/Bunds They are built at a distance from the river ridge behind the existing flood embankment/bund; Act as second line of defence or; Replacement of a d R l t f damaged fl d embankment/bund; d flood b k t/b d Designed parameters same as that of Flood bund.
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Marginal Bunds:
They are built to contain river spill generated by raising of water level at a barrage, bridge etc; Due to back water effect, at locations, the Marginal Bund could extend upto 20 miles (32 km) in length; Generally Marginal Bunds are anchored with Guide Banks or; Start from 500 ft (150 m) u/s of the gate-line of barrage; At locations they are stone pitched.
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Spur:
Spurs are structures placed transverse to the river flow; Extend from the bank into the river; Widely used for the purpose of river training; and To serve one or more the following functions:
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Spur: (Functions)
- Training the river along a desired course by attracting, deflecting and holding the flow in a channel. - Creating a zone with the object of silting up the area in the vicinity of spur spur. - Protecting the river bank by keeping the flow away from it.
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Types of Spurs
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Stud:
Studs are short spurs; Used as protection against spill flow causing erosion along a river bank of a flood embankment; Placed in series at suitable locations in the spill flow channel along the bank; Reduce erosion by deflecting the high velocity currents away from the eroding bank.
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Guide Banks:
A river generally flows in a wide khadir; But it is necessary to restrict its course to remain flowing centrally through the barrage, weir or a bridge placed across it; To achieve the above purpose, guide banks are placed in pairs symmetrical in plan; There should be no spurs projecting from the guide bank as the spurs produce swirls.
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Pitched Island:
Used a s a river training measure for its ability to cause redistribution of velocity and tractive force; The tractive force near a pitched island begins to increase rapidly, with the result that deep scour begins to form round th i l d and gradually d b i t f d the island d d ll draws the main river channel towards it and holds it permanently;
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Pitched Island:
Used singly or in series for; -Correcting oblique approach u/s of weirs, barrages, bridges by training the river to be axial. -Altering the river flow pattern and stablizing its course. -Redistributing harmful concentration of flow for relieving attack on guide banks, marginal bunds and river bends.
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Gabion Retaining Walls: Used in hilly areas where there is high gradient and high velocity flows and practically it is not possible to provide stone protection against bank erosion; In such areas stones are provided in stone crates/gabions in a retaining wall format; Gabions are well suited for retaining walls due to their flexibility; Designed as gravity walls.
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Submerged Sills: When a mid-channel bela in the river has grown over the years, it bifurcates the river channel into two separate channels flowing around the bela; One of these two meandering channels may flow close along the bank and cause bank erosion; For controlling of such bank erosion a series of submerged sills across the channel may be placed.
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Delay Action Dams: Used for taming the flood waters of hill torrents; Main purpose is to delay the downstream flow of flood water to first ensure maximum retardation of d/s flood water. Water Diversion/Dispersion structures: / Used for taming the flood waters of hill torrents.
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End of Presentation
Thank You
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Structural Interventions To Combat Flooding

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Structural Interventions To Combat Flooding

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3/17/2010

On: At: Organized By:

What is Flood Protection?

How Flood Protection Can Be Achieved?

Through structural interventions; Through non-structural interventions.

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