Chapter 9: Transport in Plants

9.1 A Recap on Structure and Function of Root Hair Cells Adaptation

SA: vol. Ratio enhance rate of absorption of H2O and mineral salts Provide energy for active transport by respiration Water enters by osmosis

Structure
Long and narrow Root hair cell is living 1. Cell sap conc. > Soil solution conc. 2. Cell sap is prevented from leaking out of root hair cell

9.2

Transport & Vascular Tissue 9.2.1 Xylem

Functions

Conduct water & mineral salts from roots stem leaves

Provide mechanical support for the plant

Structure

Long, hollow tube from root to leaf Hollow space (lumen) is continuous Vessel is a dead structure Wall is strengthened by lignin

Does not hinder passage of water

9.2.2

Phloem

Provide mechanical support to the plant

Function: Conduct manufactured food (sucrose & amino acids) from leaves to other parts of the plant
Thin layer of cytoplasm Make up the phloem

Cross-walls separating sieve tube cells

Living cells, provides energy required for active transport

Food moves by diffusion & active transport

9.4.1

Internal structure of a dicotyledonous stem

Cuticle prevents evaporation of water Store food substances Phloem Cambium

Xylem Xylem + Phloem arranged in a ring

9.4.2

Internal structure of a dicotyledonous root

Xylem

Phloem Xylem + Phloem lie on different radii, alternating with each other Epidermis is called a piliferous layer no cuticle (Why?) (Hint: What is the role of the roots in a

9.5

Transpiration

Definition: The loss of water vapour from the aerial parts of the plant, especially through stomata of the leaves Water vapour loss from

9.5.1

Loss of H2O by plants

Evaporate from surface of epidermal cell Water moves out of mesophyll cells Forming Thin film of moisture over surface of intercellular air spaces

Cuticular transpiration

Water evaporates out of intercellular air spaces

Water vapour goes out through stomata

Stomata Open

Stomata Closed

Water Vapour Loss

Water Vapour Loss

Impt of transpiration Suction force from transpiration pulls water & m.s from roots to leaves As water evaporates cools the plant

9.5.2

Factors affecting transpiration rate

Transpiration Rate

Note:
Humidity amt of water vapour

Water Evaporation Rate

Humidity

Temp. Of air

Light intensity

Wind condition

Humidity transpiration rate

L.I. size of stomata Temp transpiration rate Transpiration rate

Windy external air Blow away water vapour

WHY??

Humidity

Transpiration rate

9.6

Wilting
Support of Leaf Strong sunlight

Turgor pressure

Advantages of wilting Cells lose water

Transpiration rate

Cells lose water

Turgor pressure

Stomata close

Cells become flaccid

Disadvantages of wilting When stomata closes amt of CO2 entering leaf photosynthetic rate (since photosynthesis uses CO2)

9.7

Transpirational Pull