Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
In vacuum
Bar magnet
The Earth
Positive charge
Negative charge
http://library.thinkquest.org/10796/ch12/ch12.htm
http://phet.colorado.edu/new/simulations/sims.php?sim=Wave_on_a_String
http://phet.colorado.edu/new/simulations/sims.php?sim=Radio_Waves_and_Electromagnetic_Fields
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/emwave/index.html
Concept Quiz: How does your cell phone transmit your voice?
A) Generating sound waves B) Generating heat C) Generating electromagnetic waves (high frequency radio) D) Generating neural activity
Generating electromagnetic waves SOURCE Radio stations Microwaves Human body Cell phones Neon light Laser Warm stove MECHANISM Voltage in a circuit Voltage in a circuit Neural activity/heat Voltage in a circuit Excited atoms Excited atoms Heat
Sources of electromagnetic waves What are the frequencies of these sources? Radio stations Microwaves Human body Cell phones Neon light Laser Warm stove
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/fluorescence/exciteemit/index.html
Resonance effects cause molecules to vibrate - for example in your eye. Light of certain frequency (wavelength) drives the molecules to vibrate, so that eventually a signal is transmitted to your brain via the optic nerve.
In 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge failed from windinduced torsional oscillations. Research of design flaws in the bridge led to the use of aerodynamic testing as a standard procedure in suspension span structural analysis.
Resonance
Every material (such as glass, steel, concrete) has a natural frequency at which it vibrates, called a resonant frequency. If you put energy into the substance at its resonant frequency, you will force it to vibrate or resonate (resonance is a forced vibration). In the case of the wine glass, your finger slides and sticks along the surface of the glass as you rub the rim (a wet fingertip has no oil and makes a better contact with the glass). The rubbing imparts energy to the glass molecules and causes them to resonate. The motion of your hand sets up a wave of vibration traveling through the glass. The vibrating glass causes air molecules to vibrate at the same frequency. The vibrating air molecules are the sound wave that you hear (the frequency or pitch of the sound wave is the same as the resonant frequency of the glass). So, how does the water change the pitch of the singing wine glass? As the resonant wave moves around the glass, it drags the water molecules with it, creating a wave of water that you can see near the edge of the glass. The dragging water molecules effectively increase the mass (both the water and the glass molecules) and reduce the energy of the wave traveling through the glass. When the energy is reduced, so is the frequency of the wave in the glass, which is reflected in the pitch of the sound wave that you hear. If you impart enough energy to the glass at its resonant frequency, you can cause the glass to shatter. However, this takes more energy than you can provide by rubbing the rim. Some singers can sing a note equal to the resonant frequency of a wine glass and cause it to shatter
http://static.howstuffworks.com/mpeg/wine.mpg
RESONANCE IN SOUND
If you look at a guitar string under a strobe light (or even a fluorescent light) you can see it that makes a standing wave. Another experiment you can do is to stand in the shower (they reflect sound well) and start singing while changing the pitch slowly. At certain pitches the sound will suddenly amplify, because the sound waves fit an even number of times between the walls.
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/microwaves/standing_wave2.html
Examples of Resonance
Nerve cells in eye - sensitive to red, green and blue Chemical dyes
You are swinging back and forth on a swing at the natural frequency. If a friend (or your cat) joins you on the swing, the new natural frequency will be: A. B. C. D. greater the same smaller zero - you wont be able to swing any more
If you rub the rim of a wineglass you can make it sing. This is because: A. vibrations from your finger excite a resonant response in the glass B. you need to sing the same note to get the resonance C. the glass is a mechanical system in resonance D. the table top transmits a musical tone to the glass E. otherwise it would shatter
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/photosynthesis/index.html
http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html
Absorption spectrum of isolated chlorophyll and carotenoid species. The color associated with the various wavelengths is indicated above the graph.
http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html
What we see
What is a resonance?
Many objects oscillate or vibrate at special frequencies called resonant frequencies or resonances When these objects are hit or "shaken" by an external agent at a frequency = to their resonant frequency they will oscillate at their resonant frequency.
Hand moving back and forth at same frequency as pendulums resonant frequency (or hit) Tacoma narrows bridge in the wind Car on a dirt road with regular bumps (washboard effect)
The oscillations of the object are largest when the "shaking" occurs at the objects resonant frequency.
We then say that a resonance has occurred e.g. girl on swing being pushed by her mother (mothers push frequency = swing frequency)
Effect of resonance produced by military helicopter blade going around at frequency resonant with the helicopter body
The light frequency may match a certain frequency of resonant vibration in the atom. When this happens, the energy of the light is transferred to the atom and the light disappears. For example, we see light rays of 470 nm coming into our eyes because this light excites a resonance in certain atoms inside our eyes
For example when an electron hits an atom the atom can gain energy in the form of resonances. This energy in the atom can then be released by another resonant interaction in which light is emitted and the atom loses energy. Each color of light emitted corresponds to a particular atomic resonance.