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DEPT.235 TIRUCHIRAPALLI 620 014 Non-Destructive Testing

BHE:NDT:UT:CALIB:01 Revision 03 Page 1 of 7

PROCEDURE FOR CALIBRATION OF PULSE-ECHO ULTRASONIC TESTING SYSTEMS

-------------------------------------------------------PREPARED BY: T.N. GANGADHARA N MANAGER LEVEL III -------------------------------------------------------REVIEWED BY : R.J. PARDIKAR SR. MANAGER LEVEL III ------------------------------------------------------APPROV ED BY: P.S.SUBRAHMANYA M SR. MANAGER SR. LEVEL III --------------------------------------------------------

This procedure contains 08 pages including Title sheet and Annexures

Effective from 21-07-1997

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DEPT.235 TIRUCHIRAPALLI 620 014 Non-Destructive Testing

BHE:NDT:UT:CALIB:01 Revision 03 Page 2 of 7

RECORD OF REVISI ON

-------------------------------------------------------------Revision Revision Details of Revision No. Date --------------------------------------------------------------01 & 02 Kept separately 03 Editorial corrections reflecting Addenda 1996 --------------------------------------------------------------21-07-97

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BHE:NDT:UT:CALIB:01 Revision 03 Page 3 of 7

1.0 1.1 2.0 2.1 3.0 3.1 3.2

SCOPE This procedure describes the method of Calibration of Pulse-echo Ultrasonic testing equipment with A-scan display. REFERENCE ASME - Section V - 1995, Addenda 1996 - Article 4 & 5. EQUIPMENT Ultrasonic Testing Equipment.

Reference Standard N 23, 4MHz Miniature Normal Beam Probe, WB 45/N2 probe and basic calibration block. The calibration block shall be of similar metallurgical structure and possess the same attenuation characteristics as that of the material under test. For contact examination the temperature difference of the examination surface and the calibration block surface shall be within 14 degree C. LINEARITY OF TIME BASE Linearity of the time base shall be checked using N 23 probe or IIW/DIN/ASTM block or any other basic calibration block. The linearity shall be verified for 100mm, 250mm and 500mm ra nge. 100mm range shall be verified with 4 MHz miniature probe and any of the basic calibration blocks. 4 echoes will be obtained from 25mm side. 1st echo and 3rd echo will be made to coincide with 25mm and 75 mm of the time base. Then 2nd and 4th echo will automatically align with 50mm and 100 mm mark. For 250mm range, N 23 probe will be used. Using delay control, the leading edge of first echo will be adjusted to the '0' division of the time base. If the 6th echo remains on 10th division, the range is linear. The procedure as in 4.4 will be repeated for 500 mm range, with first echo on '0' division and 11th echo on 10th division. The non-linearity of the time-base shall not be greater than 2% of the full scale range or + one minor sub-division of the chosen range of the time- base (fig.-3, Annexure I). VERIFICATION OF SCREEN HE IGHT LINEARI TY A straight-beam search unit having the nominal frequency 2MHz or 4 MHz, shall be used. The search unit shall be positioned over the depth resolution notch in the IIW Block so that the signal from the notch is 20% of the screen height, and the signal from the 100mm block surface is 40% of screen height, to give 2:1 ratio.(Fig.2, Annexure-I).

4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

5.0 5.1

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BHE:NDT:UT:CALIB:01 Revision 03 Page 4 of 7

5.2

Without moving the search unit, the gain setting is adjusted so that the signal from notch is raised in increments of one major vertical scale division until the back reflection signal reaches full scale, and lowered in increments of one scale division until the notch signal reaches one scale division. At each increment the smal ler indication reading shall be 50% the larger amplitude, within 5% of full screen height. The setting and readings shall be established to the nearest 1% of full screen height. VERIFICATION OF AMPLITUDE-CONTROL LINEARITY Drilled holes shall serve as basic calibration reflectors. The depth, location and dia of the holes shall be as given in Fig.4, Annexure-2. To verify the amplitude control linearity, an angle beam search unit is positioned as shown in Fig.4, Annexure-2 and beamed towards the 1/2t hole in the basic calibration block. The indication is peaked on the screen to 80 %.With the decrease and increase of dB as shown in the table-1 below, the amplitude of the corresponding echo is noted. The indications must be within the specified limits. TABLE - 1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Indications set at dB control Indication limit % of full screen change % of full screen -----------------------------------------80% -6 dB 32 to 48% 80% -12dB 16 to 24% 40% +6 dB 64 to 96% 20% +12dB 64 to 96% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The setting and readings must be estimated to the nearest 1% full screen.

5.3

6.0 6.1

6.2

7.0 7.1

SENSITIVITY The sensitivity of the equipment shall be checked with a straight beam probe placing on the surface of the plastic insert of IIW Calibration block and verifying the number of fullscreen bottom echoe s visible on the screen. At the full-gain setting, if necessary, the number of echoes shall be not less than the numbers shown below for the appropriate frequency range. Frequency Range MHz --------------1.9 to 2.0 Minimum number of full screen bottom shoes. ---------------------3

2.7 to 6.0 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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8.0 8.1

CHECKING OF RESOLUTION The search unit and apparatus combined shall be capable of clearly resolving two or more echoes reflected from defects situated close to one anothe r. When the search unit is position over the depth resolution notch in IIW block, the reflection are from 85, 91 and 100mm. The echoes from 91 and 100mm shall be kept equal to 80% of screen height. If the falling edge of the first echo is within 20% of the full screen (the first major division of the vertical scale) the resolution is satisfactory. Patterns of good and poor resolution are shown in Figure-1, below.

8.2

9.0 9.1

FREQUENCY OF CALIBRATION During calibration if the linearity is not within the limits mentioned above, the equipment will be sent for rectification. Verification of vertical scale linearity, amplitude control linearity and linearity of timebase shall be performed every 3 months and whenever the unit has under gone major repairs or maintenance . REPORT A report in format No. 49-739/B or equivalent shall be generated after calibration and issued to the custodian of the equipment.

9.2

10.0 10.1

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DEPT.235 TIRUCHIRAPALLI 620 014 Non-Destructive Testing

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Fig. 2

CALIBRATION FOR VERTICAL LINEARITY

Fig 3

CALIBRAT ION FOR HORIZONTAL LINEARITY

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Fig 4 CALIBRATION BLOCK

Thickness t in mm Over 50 thru 100 Over 100 thru 150 Over 150 thru 200

Calibration Block thickness T in mm 75 mm ot t 125 mm or t 175 mm or t

Hole depth(mm) 38 38 38

Hole Dia(mm) 4.75 6.25 7.50