INDEX

Aamjiwnaang First Nation, 20, 108, 110, 11112, 11415 acceptable risk, 778 ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists), 6, 90, 912, 93, 102 ACRO (Association for the Control of Radioactivity in the West), 1534, 1556 ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake), 6, 5862, 678 AEC (Atomic Energy Commission), 756, 7883 AFFSA (French food safety agency), 118, 1258, 133 AFSSET (Agence franaise de scurit sanitaire de lenvironnement et du travail), 96101 Alara attitude, 1445 American Academy of Sciences, 801, 823 American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, 32 American Standards Association, 32 animal experimentation, 346, 3941, 63 annual intake budget, 146 arsenic, 5, 63, 66 art of government, 136, 146 asbestos, 19, 89, 91, 956, 98 atomic testing, 756 Bad Godesberg Conference (1954), 503, 64 banana weevils, 119, 132 banning substances, 52, 627

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Caltech (California Institute of Technology), 75 Canadian Environmental Protection Act (1999), 110 carbon disulphide, 110 carcinogenic substances and acceptable risk, 778 and atomic testing, 756 and BEIR report, 834 and food additives/contaminants, 4952, 54, 627 and genetic mutations, 723, 74 and GofmanTamplin affair, 7882 and ICRP, 768 and limit values, 67, 18 and OELs, 89, 98100

Beadle, Georges, Possible direct effects on man of low level exposures to ionizing radiation, 75 BEIR (Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation), 834, 85 Belpomme, Professor, 129 Belrad Institute (Belarus), 155 benzene, 41, 45, 91 Berlin Treaty (1963), 76, 79 Binding Limit Values, 90 Birn, Anne-Emmanuelle, 27 body burden analysis, 110, 11112 BPA (Bisphenol A), 479, 69, 111 BRGM (Bureau of Geological and Mining Research), 123 bucket air sampling, 110 Buffa, Professor, 57 Bugnard, Louis, 78 Butenandt, Adolph, 50

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Toxicants, Health and Regulation since 1945 analysis of, 11920 and food additives/contaminants, 12433 and JAFA programme, 1302 low dosage effects, 11718, 121 rediscovery of, 21, 11718, 1201, 133 and soil contamination, 1224, 132 standardization of, 12530, 1334 CIRAD (Centre for International Cooperation in Agricultural Research), 123 classification of substances, 5, 10, 1213 Clean Air Act (1970), 79 Clean Water Act (1972), 82 climate change, 16 Codex Alimentarius system, 48, 58 Codirpa committee, 1524 Cohen, Maxwell, 107 Cold War, 7, 17, 25, 39, 72 Commission des Toxiques (France), 119 Committee of Experts for Sanitary Control of Foodstuffs, 51, 55 compensation, 289 competition between regulatory systems, 11, 14 conduct of conducts, 1516 confinement strategies, 3 Core programme (Belarus), 14950, 154, 1556 CRAM (Caisses rgionales dassurance maladie), 92, 93, 94 CRIIRAD (Commission for Independent Information and Research on Radioactivity), 1556 CSPRP (Conseil suprieurde prevention des risques professionnels), 92, 101 CVECO (Chemical Valley Emergency Coordinating Organization), 115 data production, 54 DCCRF (Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control), 124 DDASS (Departmental Management of Health and Social Affairs), 122 DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), 66, 119 Delaney Clause (1958), 7

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and permissible doses, 745 and positive lists, 52 potential banning of, 52, 627 and risk assessment/management, 845, 867 and risk technologies, 1819 Science Magazine study, 71 testing procedures, 634 and thresholds, 67, 50, 645, 67, 734, 767, 83, 856 and tolerance doses, 734 and transformation of regulatory systems, 910 Carrozi, Luigi, 28 Carson, Rachel, Silent Spring, 223 CDC (Center for Disease Control), 1 central nervous system, 345, 39 CEPN (Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre), 143, 150, 152, 155 Certificates of Approval, 109 CES (Comit dexperts specialises), 97100 chemical dumping, 1067 chemical infrastructures, 1046, 112, 115 chemical injury, 11011, 112 Chemical Valley (Canada) chemical infrastructure of, 1046, 112, 115 and CVECO, 115 and development of chemical contamination, 20 and emission data, 10810 expansion of, 1034 intergenerational effects, 11114 and latency, 1068 and limit values, 8 Chernobyl disaster and empowerment of individuals, 1357, 1467, 1568 and Ethos project, 11, 15, 22, 1367, 1428, 1501, 1548 and evacuation of populations, 1378 and long term radiation studies, 71 and participatory rehabilitation, 14950 publicity of disaster, 1389 and voluntary relocation zones, 1403 Children of Chernobyl-Belarus association, 154 chlordecone

Index DFG (German Research Council), 4951, 53 DGT (Direction Gnrale du Travail), 98, 100 Dols, J. L., 53 Dow Chemical, 103, 107, 11415 Doyle, Julie, 27 drinking water standards, 1212, 125 Druckrey, Hermann, 4951, 534, 56, 623, 68 DSDS (Department of Health and Social Development), 120 economic development, 89, 15, 49, 52, 62, 149, 1545 EFSA (European Food Safety Agency), 47, 1289, 133 EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances), 12 empowerment, 1356, 1467, 1568 endocrine disruptors, 21, 47, 49, 11214 Environmental Defence (NGO), Polluted Children, Toxic Nation, 111 environmental justice, 118 EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 12, 834 EPR (European Pressurized Reactor), 158 Ethos project (Chernobyl), 11, 15, 22, 1367, 1428, 1501, 1548 Euratom (European Atomic Energy Community), 81 European Union, 901, 95, 123, 128 Eurotox (European Committee for Research on Chronic Toxicity Hazards), 523, 55, 57 exposure standards, 325, 3941, 44 see also OELs Failla, Gioacchino, 74 FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and ADI, 602 and BPA joint meeting, 47 and International Cancer Prevention Committee, 51 and international experts committees, 4 and Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, 7, 49, 558

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G2SAT (Groupe scientifique pour la surveillance des atmosphres de travail), 94, 96 Genderen, G. van, 63 genetic mutations, 723, 74 GHS (Globally Harmonized System), 2, 12 Godesberg proposals, 502 Gofman, John, 7882, 83 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (1972), 107 GSIEN (Group of Scientists for Information on Nuclear Energy), 1534 Hache, Emilie, 147 Hamilton, Alice, 278, 32, 33, 42

and Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues, 49 Principles Governing Consumer Safety in Relation to Pesticide Residues, 601 and Wageningen Conference, 53 FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 47, 54, 84 Fernex, Michel, 155 food additives/contaminants and ADI, 5862 and banning substances, 52, 627 and BPA controversy, 479 and carcinogenic substances, 4952, 627 and chlordecone, 12433 and Ethos project, 1458 international expertise on, 489, 501, 525, 678 and international legislative cooperation, 557 and positive lists, 52, 534, 589 regulatory tools for, 18, 48, 678 and thresholds, 6, 50, 645, 678 food factor, 62 Ford Motor Company, 104 Fortun, Kim, 109 Foucault, Michel, 16, 136 Frazer, Alistair C., 63 FRC (Federal Radiation Council), 76, 80, 823 French Nuclear Safety Authority, 152 Fukushima ( Japan), 71

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Toxicants, Health and Regulation since 1945 international experts committees, 45, 505 International X-rays and Radium Protection Committee, 73 internationalization, 45 InVS (Institute of Health Monitoring), 122 IOMC (Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals), 12 IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety), 9 IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), 4

Haraway, Donna, 105 Hardy, Harriet, 42 Hatch, Theodore, 44 Hayden, Cori, 26 HCH (Hexachlorocyclohexane ), 120, 122 Hiroshima ( Japan), 71, 75 Hirschmann, A., 155 history of regulation and industrialisation, 3 and internationalization, 45 and thresholds, 59 and transformation of regulatory systems, 914 Hopewell disaster (1975), 117, 119

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JAFA (jardins familiaux) programme, 1415, 1302 Jain, Lochlan, 111 IAEA (International Atomic Energy JECFA ( Joint Expert Committee on Food Agency), 4, 81, 13941 Additives), 7, 49, 5561, 638 IARC (International Agency for Research Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Hazards of on Cancer), 9 Food Additives, 64, 66, 68 ICOH (International Congress on OccupaJMPR ( Joint Meeting on Pesticide Resitional Health), 278, 36 dues), 49, 678 ICRP (International Commission for Radiological Protection), 768, 801, 137 Lacassagne, Antoine, 73 ILO (International Labour Organization), Langston, Nancy, 68 4, 28, 29, 36 latency, 1068 Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health, 44 lead poisoning, 312, 445 Indicative Limit Values, 90 Legge, Thomas, 28 individualization of contaminants manageleukaemia, 73, 75, 139, 153 ment, 1516, 22, 136, 140, 1468, Lewis, Edward, 75, 77 1501, 1568 limit values, 58, 10, 1718, 19, 59, 90 industrial hygiene and International Congress on OccupaMACs (Maximum Allowable Concentrational Health, 27 tion levels) and new science-building, 306 and history of regulation, 6 publications, 367, 3940 introduction of, 17 and thresholds, 6 and new science-building, 323 industrialisation, 3 opposition to, 412 informating chemicals, 10811 and Prague Conference, 1718, 256, INRS (Institut national de recherche et de 36, 39 scurit), 90, 92, 94 range of values, 43 institution-building, 27 Mayak (USSR nuclear processing plant), 42 International Cancer Prevention Committee MCLs (Maximum Concentration Limits), 6 (1954), 51 MEDEF (Mouvement des Entreprises de International Chernobyl Project, 139 France), 101 International Committee for Agricultural medical oversight, 289 Industries, 57 mercury, 108, 11415

Index Ministry of Labour (France), 901, 936, 98, 100, 102 MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits), 11, 12534 Muller, Hermann, 72 Muskie, Edmund, 7981 Mutadis (private consultancy firm), 1423, 152 Nader, Ralph, 80, 812 Nagasaki ( Japan), 71 NAS (National Academy of Science), 75, 84 neo-liberalism, 16, 201, 136, 146 Nesterenko, Professor, 155 new science-building, 306 NIH (National Institute of Health), 84 Nixon, David, 106 NRC (National Research Council), 10, 19, 84, 86 NSF (National Science Foundation), 84 Nuclear Energy Agency, 1412 nuclear industry and acceptable risk, 78 and atomic testing, 756 development of, 4 and GofmanTamplin affair, 7882 and low dose effects, 10, 72 protests against, 67, 72 renaissance of, 150 and risk, 67 see also Chernobyl disaster occupational diseases, 8, 289 occupational health and ILO standards, 28 and limit values, 1718, 19 and OELs, 8991, 923, 958, 102 and workplace hazards, 256 occupational medicine model, 29 OELs (Occupational Exposure Limits) and asbestos, 89, 91, 956, 98 and carcinogenic substances, 89, 98100 confidentiality of, 901, 923 determining, 935, 97101 and occupational health, 8991, 923, 958, 102 and risk assessment/management, 903, 96, 99

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setting, 8990 state administration of, 957, 102 Oil Springs (Canadian oil well), 103 Olmany (Belarus), 1428 Ontario Minamata Disease, 114 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), 90, 110 OSTP (Office of Science and Technology Policy), 845 Parex (Post-Accidentel Retour dExprience) project, 1524 participative management, 1516, 22, 1356, 140, 1468, 1501, 1568 participatory governance, 1367, 1458, 1501, 1567 participatory rehabilitation, 14950 Pavlov, Ivan, 34 PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 20, 1078, 111, 115 permissible doses, 745 pesticides, 59, 612 see also chlordecone PHS (Public Health Service), 312, 41 Plan Sant Travail (2005), 96, 97 PNSS (National Health and Nutrition Plan), 126 point of impingement standards, 109 pollution and Certificates of Approval, 109 and drinking water standards, 1212, 125 as harmless, 11718 and industrial accidents, 4 and low dose effects, 10 measurement of, 11920 and soil contamination, 1224, 132 standardization of, 12530 and transformation of regulatory systems, 10 POPs (persistent organic pollutants), 21 positive lists, 52, 534, 589 post-accident management, 1617, 1367, 140, 14950, 1534, 1578 Potential Hazards from Chemical Additives and Contaminants symposium (1956), 51

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Toxicants, Health and Regulation since 1945 Tamplin, Arthur, 7882, 83 Taylor, Lauriston, 81 Tchertkoff, Wladimir, Crime de Tchernobyl: le goulag nuclaire, 154 Teleky, Ludwig, 28 terrorist threats, 150, 152 threshold paradigm, 724, 86 thresholds and ADI, 5862 and carcinogenic substances, 67, 50, 645, 67, 734, 767, 83, 856 and food additives/contaminants, 6, 50, 645, 678 and history of regulation, 59 and MRLs, 12534 and OELs, 90 tolerance doses/values, 5961, 734 toxic body burden, 12 toxic heritage, 21 toxic legacy, 23 toxic world, 2, 1417, 223 trade unions, 13, 28, 91, 92, 945 Truhaut, Ren and ADI, 5961, 67 and banning substances, 623 early career of, 36, 38 and Eurotox, 53 importance of, 18 and international methodological differences, 42, 44 and JECFA, 56, 68 and regulation of food additives, 4954 TRVs (Toxicity Reference Values), 6, 1257, 132 TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), 2, 12 UICC (International Union against Cancer), 45, 502, 55, 567 UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 12 UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 9 UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 71, 81 UPAC (Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), 36

Prague Conference (1959), 1718, 2530, 36, 389 precautionism, 256, 446 public participation, 1516, 22, 1356, 140, 1468, 1501, 1568 radiological culture, 1445 RCF (refractory ceramic fibres), 98100 REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances), 12, 1213 reality, 49, 52, 55, 67 Red Book (National Research Council), 10, 19, 86 reference value, 146 regulatory tools, 18, 48 Reponsible Care, 115 resilience strategies, 16 risk assessment/management, 19, 847, 903, 96, 99, 1367, 147 risk balancing, 667 risk technologies, 1820 Robert, Marcel, 28 round goby (fish), 114, 115 Sage project, 1501, 154 Sarnia Blob, 107 Science Magazine, 71, 75 SCOEL (Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits), 97 Seaborg, Glenn, 78 SEG (Scientific Expert Group), 97 sex-ratio alteration, 20, 108, 111, 11314, 115 slow violence, 20, 106 Smith, R. Blackwell, 63 Smith, William, 51 soil contamination, 1224, 132 Sonneshein, Carlos, 113 Soto, Ana, 113 specification of substances, 5, 7 Stalinism, 33 Standing International Committee on Canned Food, 57 Star, Susan Leigh, 104 Stockholm Convention (2001), 23 Stokinger, Herbert, 41 STS (Science and Technology Studies), 48

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Index Uytdenhoef, A., 41 voluntary relocation zones, 1403, 152 Wageningen Conference (1956), 53 Watanabe, Akira, 71 WELs (Workplace Exposure Limits), 94 WHO (World Health Organization) and ADI, 602 and BPA joint meeting, 47 and Chernobyl disaster, 139 and cross-national standards, 36 and International Cancer Prevention Committee, 51 and international experts committees, 4 and Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, 7, 49, 558

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and Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues, 49 Principles Governing Consumer Safety in Relation to Pesticide Residues, 601 and Wageningen Conference, 53 Wilms cancer, 113 workers bodies, 2930, 32, 34, 36, 41, 446 workplace hazards, 256 workplace health surveillance, 29 workplace protection laws, 28 World Bank, 12, 149 World Earth Summit (Rio, 1992), 12 Wright, Norman, 56 WWF (World Wildlife Fund), 1 xenoestrogen, 47 yellow butter, 50

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