College of Engineering Civil Engineering Department

Project Management

Submitted to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tomas Ucol Ganiron, Jr

Group No.2
By:

Meshal Ibrahim Al moshaigeh 426035116

5- Project Organization Leadership -Team Building

5-1Project Management Structure 5-2 Project Leadership Characteristics) Vision Motivation,..etc( 5-3Team Building - Communication Conflict 5-4 engineering ethics

5-1 Project Management Structure

Challenges to Organizing Projects

The uniqueness and short duration of projects relative to ongoing longer-term organizational activities The multidisciplinary and cross-functional nature of projects creates authority and responsibility dilemmas.

Choosing an Appropriate Project Management Structure

The best system balances the needs of the project with the needs of the organization.

Project Management Structures

Once management approves a project then the question how will the project be implemented ? Three different project management structure : Functional Organization Dedicated project team Matrix structures

Project Management Structures

Organizing Projects: Functional organization
The functional organization is a structure in where authority rests with the functional heads; the structure is sectioned by departmental groups. Staff members are divided to groups (e.g. financial, planning, public relations, engineering, legal etc) according to their specialized knowledge. Some of these groups can be further subdivided into smaller functional groups. For example, the Engineering Department may be further subdivided into Civil Engineering and Electrical Engineering .

Project Management Structures

Organizing Projects: Functional organization

Different segments of the project are delegated to respective functional units.

Coordination is maintained through normal management channels.
Used when the interest of one functional area dominates the project or one functional area has a dominant interest in the projects success.

Functional Organizations
Project is managed with the existing functional hierarchy

Functional Organization of Projects

The major potential Advantages include: *economies of scale with efficient use of resources. *task assignments consistent with technical training *high quality technical problem solving *in-depth training and skill development within functions * there is a maximum flexibility in the use of staff * normal careers paths within a functional division are maintained

Functional Organization of Projects

Major Disadvantages of Functional Structure:
poor communication and coordination across functions, having too many decisions referred upward in the hierarchy, a loss of clear responsibility for product or service delivery, and slow innovation in response to environmental changes. One of the most serious disadvantages occurs when members of functional departments become overspecialized, develop selfcentered, narrow viewpoints, and lose the total system perspective. Failure to communicate and extend support across department lines is common in such situations. This often slows decision making because problems must be referred up the hierarchy for resolution

Project Management Structures (contd)

Organizing Projects: Dedicated Teams

Teams operate as separate units under the leadership of a full-time project manager.

In a projectized organization where projects are the dominant form of business, functional departments are responsible for providing support for its teams.

Dedicated Project Team

The dedicated project team is the creation of independent unit and operate separately Of its parent organization

Advantages :
The dedicated project team remains intact with the project Participant devote their full attention to the project high level of motivation and cohesiveness because participants share a common goal and personal responsibility toward the project and the team

Disadvantages :
Created an extra unit to complete project is expensive Resources are affected on a full time basis The transition back to the participant to their original functional department could be difficult

Project Management Structures (contd)

This structure is a blend of functional and projectized organizations. In the matrix structure the personnel engaged in the project activities belongs to one or more functional units (departments). For project related issues the project team members (staff) report to the Project Manager, who is responsible for the timely completion of the project activities. For business related issues the project team members report to the corresponding functional managers. Once the implementation of the project or part of their work has been completed, they are returned to the control of the functional manager for reassignment. The person who is assigned to play the role of Project Manager for a specific project is not necessarily one of the functional managers, but it can be a single staff member possessing the appropriate skills and

Matrix organization:

Project Management Structures (contd)

Organizing Projects: Matrix Structure

Hybrid organizational structure (matrix) is overlaid on the normal functional structure.

Two chains of command (functional and project) Project participants report simultaneously to both functional and project managers.

Matrix structure optimizes the use of resources.

Allows for participation on multiple projects while performing normal functional duties Achieves a greater integration of expertise and project requirements

Matrix Organization Structure

Matrix Organization Structure

Advantages :
Resources can be shared across multiple projects as well with functional divisions A strong project focus is provided by having a formal designated project manager High level of motivation and cohesiveness because participants share a common goal The project has access to the entire reservoir technology and expertise of functional division

Disadvantages :
Tension between functional manager and Project manager who brings critical expertise and perspectives to the project Any situation of shared Resources and people result in conflict and competition for scarce resources Matrix management violate the principle of unity of command

Project Organization Structure

The most convenient for organization strategy based on Project

Project Organization
Advantages :
Line authority for a project is clearly designated providing a single focal point for project management All full time personnel are formally assigned to the project Project manager is often of equal or greater rank than the functional manager The project has access to the entire reservoir technology and expertise of functional Division

Disadvantages :
A major difficulty in this kind of organization is the uncertainty these people feel about their position when the project is completed

Mechanisms for Sustaining Organizational Culture

Relative efficacy of different project management structure

Inquiry based on 1600 Project Manager and Top Manager

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