“8D”

8 Disciplines in problem solving which follows a fact based approach that fits well with “DMAIC” and/or
PDSA models.

8 Disciplines (8D)
DØ – Prepare for the 8D Process
D1 – Establish The Team
D2 – Describe The Problem
D3 – Develop the Interim Containment Action. and Verification. (ICA)
D4 – Define and Verify Root Cause and Escape Point
Choose and Verify Permanent Corrective Actions (Pcas) for Root Cause and Escape
D5 –
Point
D6 – Implement and Validate Permanent Corrective Actions (PCA)
D7 – Prevent Recurrence
D8 – Recognize Team and Individual Contributions

Design of Experiments (DoE) as developed by Shainin, has a very strong track record in
solving real life complicated quality issues.

The Shainin method consists of the following steps:

1. Determine if the method can solve the specific issue
2. 'To translate' the issue (the characteristic) to a measurable quantity
3. To reduce the search area ('Intelligent Searching')
4. To determine the cause(s)
5. To quantify the effect of the causes
6. To verify the suggested improvement
7. To determine process parameter borders
8. To control the process

The following tools have been developed to apply this method:

1. Components Search
2. Multi vari chart
3. Paired Comparison
4. Variables Search
5. Full Factorials
6. Better vs. current
7. Scatter Plots
8. Process Certification
9. Operator Certification

Introduction:

Fault tree analysis is logical, structured processes that can help identify potential
causes of system failure before the failures actually occur. Fault trees are
powerful design tools that can help ensure that product performance objectives
are met. Sandia has a tremendous depth and breadth of experience in applying
fault tree analysis to analyze system safety and reliability. Fault tree applications
at Sandia include manufacturing equipment, automotive subsystems,
aircraft, nuclear power plants, and weapons systems.

Figure 1. Graphical View of a Fault Tree.

Benefits:

• Identify possible system reliability or safety problems at design time,

• Assess system reliability or safety during operation,
• Improve understanding of the system,
• Identify components that may need testing or more rigorous quality
assurance scrutiny, and
• Identify root causes of equipment failures.

Capabilities:

• Fault tree analysis and failure modes and effects analysis,

• Design for reliability,
• Design for safety.