Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
action=print
Labs: AnalogIn
Overview
In this lab, you'll learn how to connect a variable resistor to a microcontroller and read it as an analog input. You'll be able to read changing conditions from the physical world and convert them to changing variables in a program.
Table of Contents (hide) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Parts Prepare the breadboard Add a potentiometer and LED Program the Module Other variable resistors Get creative
1. Parts
For this lab you will need to have the following parts:
Solderless breadboard
Variable resistors
1 von 8
17.01.2013 12:54
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn?action=print
2 von 8
17.01.2013 12:54
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn?action=print
[Get Code]
In the setup() method, initialize serial communications at 9600 bits per second, and set the LED's pin to be an output.
3 von 8
17.01.2013 12:54
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn?action=print
void setup() { // initialize serial communications at 9600 bps: Serial.begin(9600); // declare the led pin as an output: pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); }
[Get Code]
In the main loop, read the analog value using analogRead() and put the result into the variable that holds the analog value. Then divide the analog value by 4 to get it into a range from 0 to 255. Then use the analogWrite() command to face the LED. Then print out the brightness value.
void loop() { analogValue = analogRead(A0); brightness = analogValue /4; analogWrite(ledPin, brightness); Serial.println(brightness); }
// read the pot value //divide by 4 to fit in a byte // PWM the LED with the brightness value // print the brightness value back to the serial monitor
[Get Code]
When you run this code, the LED should dim up and down as you turn the pot, and the brightness value should show up in the serial monitor.
4 von 8
17.01.2013 12:54
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn?action=print
Note: Flex sensors and force-sensing resistors melt easily, so unless you are very quick with a soldering iron, it's risky to solder directly to their leads. Here are three better solutions:
use screw terminals (if you have a row of three, you can attach the fixed resistor as well)
Thanks to adafruit, who have a good FSR tutorial as well. Here's an example circuit much like the pink monkey circuit above, but with force-sensing resistors instead of flex sensors.
5 von 8
17.01.2013 12:54
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn?action=print
The circuit above works for any variable resistor. It's called a voltage divider. There are two voltage dividers, one on analog in 0 and one on analog in 1. The fixed resistor in each circuit should have the same order of magnitude as the variable resistor's range. For example, if you're using a flex sensor with a range of 50 - 100 kilohms, you might use a 47Kohm or a 100Kohm fixed resistor. If you're using a force sensing resistor that goes from inifinity ohms to 10 ohms, but most of its range is between 10Kohms and 10 ohms, you might use a 10Kohm fixed resistor. The code above assumed you were using a potentiometer, which always gives the full range of analog input, which is 0 to 1023. Dividing by 4 gives you a range of 0 to 255, which is the full output range of the analogWrite() command. The voltage divider circuit, on the other hand, can't give you the full range. The fixed resistor in the circuit limits the range. You'll need to modify the code. To find out your range, open the serial monitor and watch the printout as you press the FSR or flex the flex sensor. Note the maximum value and the minimum value. Then you can map the range that the sensor actually gives as input to the range that the LED needs as output. For example, if your photocell gives a range from 400 to 900, you'd do this:
// map the sensor value from the input range (400 - 900, for example) to the output range (0-255): int brightness = map(sensorValue, 400, 900, 0, 255); analogWrite(ledPin, brightness);
[Get Code]
You know that the maximum input range of any analog input is from 0 to 5 volts. So if you wanted to know the voltage on an analog input pin at any point, how could you use the map function to get it?
6 von 8
17.01.2013 12:54
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn?action=print
// read the sensor: int analogValue = analogRead(A0); // map the result to a voltage range from 0 to 5 volts // using a floating point decimal variable (called a float): float voltage = map(analogValue, 0.0, 5.0); // print it out: Serial.println(voltage);
[Get Code]
Now write a sketch to control the red LED with the first sensor (we'll call it the right hand sensor) and the green LED with the second sensor (we'll call it the left hand sensor). First, make two constants for the LED pin numbers, and two variables for the left and right sensor values.
const int redLED = 10; const int greenLED = 11; int rightSensorValue = 0; int leftSensorValue = 0; // // // // pin that the red LED is on pin that the green LED is on value read from the right analog sensor value read from the left analog sensor
[Get Code]
In the setup(), initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second, and make the LED pins outputs.
void setup() { // initialize serial communications at 9600 bps: Serial.begin(9600); // declare the led pins as outputs: pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT); pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT); }
[Get Code]
Start the main loop by reading the right sensor using analogRead(). Map its range to a range from 0 to 255. Then use analogWrite() to set the brightness of the LED from the mapped value. Print the sensor value out as well.
void loop() { rightSensorValue = analogRead(A0); // read the pot value // map the sensor value from the input range (400 - 900, for example) // to the output range (0-255). Change the values 400 and 900 below // to match the range your analog input gives: int brightness = map(rightSensorValue, 400, 900, 0, 255); analogWrite(redLED, brightness); // set the LED brightness with the result Serial.println(rightSensorValue); // print the sensor value back to the serial monitor
17.01.2013 12:54
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn?action=print
Finish the main loop by doing the same thing with the left sensor and the green LED.
// now do the same for the other sensor and LED: leftSensorValue = analogRead(A1); // read the pot value // map the sensor value to the brightness again. No need to // declare the variable again, since you did so above: brightness = map(leftSensorValue, 400, 900, 0, 255); analogWrite(greenLED, brightness); // set the LED brightness with the result Serial.println(leftSensorValue); // print the sensor value back to the serial monitor }
[Get Code]
6. Get creative
Make a luv-o-meter with analog inputs. A luv-o-meter is a device that measures a person's potential to be a lover, and displays it on a graph of lights. In gaming arcades, the luv-o-meter is usually a handle that a person grips, and his or her grip is measured either for its strength or its sweatiness. But your luv-o-meter can measure any analog physical quantity that you want, providing you have a sensor for it. Make sure the display is clear, so the participant knows what it means, and make sure it is responsive.
Retrieved from http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Labs/AnalogIn Page last modified on September 04, 2012, at 02:30 PM
8 von 8
17.01.2013 12:54