F.

5 A/B
1) Stress = 2) Strain = 3)

No.:

Name:
Hand in 23 th Nov. 2012 Friday

6.

Define ductile based on the stress-strain curve - Material undergoes lots of plastic deformaiton under stress. - This is permanent deformation.

P.1

Physics CW3 (Unit 1 topic 2) Force cross-section Area Extension Original length
Tensile Stress = Tensile Strain

7.

Define Brittle based on the stress-strain curve - Material undergoes no / little plastic deformation under stress. - break after elastic limit / break at yield point.

Young Modulus =

Compressive Stress Compressive Strain

What is the meaning of Young Modulus? Young modulus is the mathematical description of an object or substance's tendency to be deformed elastically when a force is applied to it. Young modulus is a quantity used to characterize materials. 4) Tensile stress is Tensile stress = Tensile strain = Tensile Force (F) cross-section Area(A) Extension (x) Original length(X) A F x X

P69, Textbook Question 2: The wire in a new guitar 'string' is made of a 90 cm steel wire of diameter 1mm. When the string is fitted to the guitar, the string is put under a tension of 75N by winding it round a peg and this also stretches it by 0.5mm. a) what is the stress in the wire? Tensile Force (F) Tensile stress = cross-section Area(A) = 75 N (1.0 mm/ 2 ) 2 = 95 x 104 Pa

b) what is the wire strain? Tensile strain = Extension (x) Original length(X) 0.5 mm = 90 cm

= 5.6 x 10-4

5)

Compressive stress is Compressive Force (F) compressive stress = cross-section Area(A) compressive stain = Shorten length (x) Original length(X) x A

c) what is the Young modulus for this kind of steel? 75 N (1.0 mm/ 2 ) 2 Tensile stress = Young modulus = Tensile strain 0.5 mm 90 cm

= 1.7 x109 Pa

F.5 A/B

No.:

Name:
Hand in 23 th Nov. 2012 Friday

P.2

Physics CW3 (Unit 1 topic 2)

Stress-Strain curve of a ductile material

Actual breaking point

Elastic Behaviour

Plastics Behaviour

Necking
Actual breaking strength

tensile stress ()

At this point The material shows a large increase in strain for a (very...very) small increase in stress. i.e. Once stretched beyond this point the material begins to change shape permanently with very small increment in load. Yield point

(Ultimate) tensile strength

breaking stress / breaking strength (rupture stress / Fracture strength) breaking point (rupture point / failure point)

Elastic limit At this point (1) The material stops behaving elastically.

Lin ea r re gio n

(2) begins to behave plastically. (3) When the stress is removed the material does not return to its original length.

Limit of Proportionality (1) (2) A straight line passing through the origin. Follow Hooke's law i.e. Force extension (Why? Check with the equation of Young's Modulus.) After the Limit of Proportionality, Hooke's law doesn't apply; Stress is not proportional to strain.

(3)

Aluminium

tensile strain ()