HSC Past 3unit Exam

2001
H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A MI N AT I O N
General Instructions
Reading time 5 minutes
Working time 2 hours
Write using black or blue pen
Board-approved calculators may
be used
A table of standard integrals is
provided at the back of this paper
All necessary working should be
shown in every question
Total marks 84
Attempt Questions 17
All questions are of equal value
Mathematics Extension 1
411
Total marks 84
Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
Marks
Question 1 (12 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.
(a) Use the table of standard integrals to find the exact value of
.
(b) Find .
(c) Evaluate .
(d) Let A be the point (2, 7) and let B be the point (1, 5). Find the coordinates of
the point P which divides the interval AB externally in the ratio 1 : 2.
(e) Is x + 3 a factor of x
3
5x + 12? Give reasons for your answer.
(f) Use the substitution u 1 + x to evaluate
. 15 1
1
0
x x dx +
3
2
2
1 ( ) 2 3
4
7
n
n
+
2
d
dx
x x sin
2
( )
dx
x 16
2
0
2
(
2
2
(a) Let (x) 3x
2
+ x. Use the definition
to find the derivative of (x) at the point x a.
(b) Find
(i)
(ii) .
(c) The letters A, E, I, O, and U are vowels.
(i) How many arrangements of the letters in the word ALGEBRAIC are
possible?
(ii) How many arrangements of the letters in the word ALGEBRAIC are
possible if the vowels must occupy the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 8th positions?
(d) Find the term independent of x in the binomial expansion of
. x
x
2
9
1
_
,
3
2
1
3 cos
2
0
3x dx
(
1
e
e
dx
x
x
1+
(

+ ( ) ( )
f a
f a h f a
h
h
( )
lim
0
2
3
Marks
(a) The function (x) sinx + cosx x has a zero near x 1.2
Use one application of Newtons method to find a second approximation to the
zero. Write your answer correct to three significant figures.
Two circles, C
1
and C
2
, intersect at points A and B. Circle C
1
passes through the
centre O of circle C
2
. The point P lies on circle C
2
so that the line PAT is tangent
to circle C
1
at point A. Let APB .
Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet.
(i) Find AOB in terms of . Give a reason for your answer.
(ii) Explain why TAB 2.
(iii) Deduce that PA BA.
(c) (i) Starting from the identity , and
using the double angle formulae, prove the identity
sin3 3sin 4sin
3
.
(ii) Hence solve the equation
sin3 2sin for 0 2.
3
2 sin sin cos cos sin + ( ) + 2 2 2
2
1
1
C
1
O
P T
A
B
C
2
(b)
3
4
Marks
(a) Solve .
(b) An aircraft flying horizontally at V ms
1
releases a bomb that hits the ground
4000 m away, measured horizontally. The bomb hits the ground at an angle of
45 to the vertical.
Assume that, t seconds after release, the position of the bomb is given by
x Vt, y 5t
2
.
Find the speed V of the aircraft.
(c) A particle, whose displacement is x, moves in simple harmonic motion.
Find x as a function of t if
and if x 3 and when t 0. x 6 3
x x 4
5
y
x
4
3
3
2
1
x
x

5
Marks
The sketch shows the graph of the curve y (x) where .
The area under the curve for 0 x 3 is shaded.
(i) Find the y intercept.
(ii) Determine the inverse function y
1
(x), and write down the domain
D of this inverse function.
(iii) Calculate the area of the shaded region.
(b) By using the binomial expansion, show that
What is the last term in the expansion when n is odd? What is the last term in
the expansion when n is even?
(c) A fair six-sided die is randomly tossed n times.
(i) Suppose 0 r n. What is the probability that exactly r sixes appear
in the uppermost position?
(ii) By using the result of part (b), or otherwise, show that the probability
that an odd number of sixes appears is
.
1
2
1
2
3
_
,
n
2
2
q p q p
n
q p
n
q p
n n
n n
+ ( ) ( )

_
,
_
,
+

2
1
2
3
1 3 3
3
2
2
1
f x
x
( ) 2
3
1
cos
0 3 3
y
x
y 2cos
1
x
3
(a)
6
Marks
(a) Prove by induction that
n
3
+ (n + 1)
3
+ (n + 2)
3
is divisible by 9 for n 1, 2, 3,
Consider the variable point P(2at, at
2
) on the parabola x
2
4ay.
(i) Prove that the equation of the normal at P is x + ty at
3
+ 2at .
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point Q on the parabola such that the normal
at Q is perpendicular to the normal at P.
(iii) Show that the two normals of part (ii) intersect at the point R, whose
coordinates are
.
(iv) Find the equation in Cartesian form of the locus of the point R given in
part (iii).
2
x a t
t
y a t
t
_
,
+ +
_
,
,
1
1
1
2
2
4
1
2
O
y
x
x
2
4ay
Q
P
R
(b)
3
7
Marks
(a) A particle moves in a straight line so that its acceleration is given by
where v is its velocity and x is its displacement from the origin.
Initially, the particle is at the origin and has velocity v 1.
(i) Show that v
2
(x 1)
2
.
(ii) By finding an expression for , or otherwise, find x as a function of t.
Question 7 continues on page 9
2
dt
dx
2
dv
dt
x 1
8
Marks
Question 7 (continued)
Consider the diagram, which shows a vertical tower OT of height h metres,
a fixed point A, and a variable point P that is constrained to move so that
angle AOP is radians. The angle of elevation of T from A is radians.
Let the angle of elevation of T from P be radians and let angle ATP be
radians.
(i) By considering triangle AOP, show that
AP
2
h
2
+ h
2
cot
2
h
2
cot .
(ii) By finding a second expression for AP
2
, deduce that
.
(iii) Sketch a graph of for , identifying and classifying any
turning points. Discuss the behaviour of as 0 and as .
End of paper
2
4 0
2
< <

cos sin cos +
1
2
1
2 2
3
1
3
T
3
O
A
P
h
(b)
9
Marks
BLANK PAGE
10
BLANK PAGE
11
12
STANDARD INTEGRALS
x dx
n
x n x n
x
dx x x
e dx
a
e a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax ax dx
a
ax
n n
ax ax
+
<
(
>
+
1
1
1 0 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
, ;
ln ,
,
cos sin ,
sin cos ,
sec tan ,
sec tan sec ,
, if
aa
a x
dx
a
x
a
a
a x
dx
x
a
a a x a
x a
dx x x a x a
x a
dx x x a
x x x
e
(
+

> < <
(
+
( )
> >
+
(
+ +
( )
0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
tan ,
sin , ,
ln ,
ln
ln log , NOTE : >> 0
Board of Studies NSW 2001
be used
Total marks 84
411
2002
E X A MI N AT I O N
BLANK PAGE
2
Total marks 84
Marks
(a) Evaluate .
(b) Find for x > 0.
(c) Use the table of standard integrals to evaluate .
(d) State the domain and range of the function .
(e) The variable point (3t, 2t
2
) lies on a parabola. Find the Cartesian equation for
this parabola.
(f) Use the substitution u = 1 x
2
to evaluate . 3
2
1
2
2
2
3
x
x
dx
( )
2
2 f x
x
( ) sin =

3
2
1
2 sec tan 2 2
0
6
x x dx
2
d
dx
x x 3
2
ln
( )
1 lim
sin
x
x
x 0
3
3
(a) Solve 2
x
= 3.
Express your answer correct to two decimal places.
(b) Find the general solution to .
Express your answer in terms of .
(c) Suppose x
3
2x
2
+ a (x + 2)Q(x) + 3 where Q(x) is a polynomial.
Find the value of a.
(d) Evaluate .
In the diagram the points A, B and C lie on the circle and CB produced meets
the tangent from A at the point T. The bisector of the angle ATC intersects AB
and AC at X and Y respectively. Let TAB = .
(i) Explain why ACB = .
(ii) Hence prove that triangle AXY is isosceles. 2
1
C
A
B
X
Y
NOT TO
SCALE
(e)
3 2 4
2
0
4
sin x dx
2
2 2 3 cos x =
2
4
Marks
(a) Seven people are to be seated at a round table.
(i) How many seating arrangements are possible?
(ii) Two people, Kevin and Jill, refuse to sit next to each other. How many
seating arrangements are then possible?
(b) (i) Show that f(x) = e
x
3x
2
has a root between x = 3.7 and x = 3.8 .
(ii) Starting with x = 3.8, use one application of Newtons method to find a
better approximation for this root. Write your answer correct to three
significant figures.
(c) A household iron is cooling in a room of constant temperature 22C. At time
t minutes its temperature T decreases according to the equation
where k is a positive constant.
The initial temperature of the iron is 80C and it cools to 60C after 10 minutes.
(i) Verify that T = 22 + Ae
kt
is a solution of this equation, where A is a
constant.
(ii) Find the values of A and k.
(iii) How long will it take for the temperature of the iron to cool to 30C?
Give your answer to the nearest minute.
2
2
1
dT
dt
k T = ( ) 22
3
1
2
1
5
Marks
(a) Lyndal hits the target on average 2 out of every 3 shots in archery competitions.
During a competition she has 10 shots at the target.
(i) What is the probability that Lyndal hits the target exactly 9 times? Leave
your answer in unsimplified form.
(ii) What is the probability that Lyndal hits the target fewer than 9 times?
Leave your answer in unsimplified form.
(b) The polynomial P(x) = x
3
2x
2
+ kx + 24 has roots , , .
(i) Find the value of + + .
(ii) Find the value of .
(iii) It is known that two of the roots are equal in magnitude but opposite
in sign.
Find the third root and hence find the value of k.
(c) A particle, whose displacement is x, moves in simple harmonic motion such that
. At time t = 0, x = 1 and .
(i) Show that, for all positions of the particle,
.
(ii) What is the particles greatest displacement?
(iii) Find x as a function of t. You may assume the general form for x. 2
1
x x = 4 2
2
2
x = 4 x x = 16
2
1
1
2
1
6
Marks
(a) Use the principle of mathematical induction to show that
2 1! + 5 2! + 10 3! ++ (n
2
+ 1)n! = n(n + 1)!
for all positive integers n.
The diagram shows a conical drinking cup of height 12 cm and radius 4 cm. The
cup is being filled with water at the rate of 3 cm
3
per second. The height of water
at time t seconds is h cm and the radius of the waters surface is r cm.
(i) Show that
(ii) Find the rate at which the height is increasing when the height of water
is 9 cm. (Volume of cone = .)
(c) Consider the function
.
(i) Show that for 0 < x < 1.
(ii) Sketch the graph of y = f (x). 2
3 ( ) = f x 0
f x x x x ( ) = ( )

2 2 1 0 1
1 1
sin sin for
1
3
2
r h
3
1 r h =
1
3
.
4 cm
12 cm
r
h
NOT TO
SCALE
(b)
3
7
Marks
An angler casts a fishing line so that the sinker is projected with a speed V ms
1
from a point 5 metres above a flat sea. The angle of projection to the horizontal
is , as shown.
Assume that the equations of motion of the sinker are
,
referred to the coordinate axes shown.
(i) Let (x, y) be the position of the sinker at time t seconds after the cast, and
before the sinker hits the water.
It is known that x = Vt cos.
Show that .
(ii) Suppose the sinker hits the sea 60 metres away as shown in the diagram.
Find the value of V if .
(iii) For the cast described in part (ii), find the maximum height above
sea level that the sinker achieved.
2
=

tan
1
3
4
3
y Vt t = + sin 5 5
2
2
x y = = 0 10 and
x
y
O 60 m
NOT TO
SCALE
5 m
V
(a)
8
Marks
(b) Let n be a positive integer.
(i) By considering the graph of y = show that
.
(ii) Hence deduce that
.
End of Question 6
Please turn over
1
1
1
1
1
+
< < +
+
n
e
n
n n
3
1
1
1
1
n
dx
x n
n
n
+
< <
+
2
1
x
9
Marks
(a) Let for all real values of x and let for x 0.
(i) Sketch the graph y = g(x) and explain why g(x) does not have an inverse
function.
(ii) On a separate diagram, sketch the graph of the inverse function y =
1
(x).
(iii) Find an expression for y =
1
(x) in terms of x.
(b) The coefficient of x
k
in (1 + x)
n
, where n is a positive integer, is denoted by
c
k
(so c
k
=
n
C
k
).
(i) Show that
.
(ii) Find the sum
.
Write your answer as a simple expression in terms of n.
End of paper
c c c c
n n
n n 0 1 2
1 2 2 3 3 4
1
1 2 . . .
+ + ( )
+ ( ) + ( )
K
3
c c c n c n
n
n
0 1 2
1
2 3 1 2 2 + + + + + ( ) = + ( )

K
3
3
1
2
f x e
e
x
x
( ) = +
1
g x e
e
x
x
( ) = +
1
10
Marks
BLANK PAGE
11
12
STANDARD INTEGRALS
x dx
n
x n x n
x
dx x x
e dx
a
e a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax ax dx
a
ax
n n
ax ax
=
+
<
= >
=
+
1
1
1 0 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
, ;
ln ,
,
cos sin ,
sin cos ,
sec tan ,
sec tan sec ,
, if
aa
a x
dx
a
x
a
a
a x
dx
x
a
a a x a
x a
dx x x a x a
x a
dx x x a
x x x
e
+
=
= > < <
= +
( )
> >
+
= + +
( )
=
0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
tan ,
sin , ,
ln ,
ln
be used
Total marks 84
411
2003
E X A MI N AT I O N
Total marks 84
Marks
(a) Find the coordinates of the point P that divides the interval joining (3, 4) and
(5, 6) internally in the ratio 1 : 3.
(b) Solve .
(c) Evaluate .
(d) A curve has parametric equations . Find the Cartesian equation
for this curve.
(e) Use the substitution u = x
2
+ 1 to evaluate
.
x
x
dx
2
3
0
2
1 +
( )
3
2 x
t
y t = =
2
3
2
,
2 lim
sin x
x
x 0
3
2
3
3
2
1
x

2
2
(a) Sketch the graph of y = 3cos
1
2x. Your graph must clearly indicate the domain
and the range.
(b) Find .
(c) Evaluate .
(d) Find the coefficient of x
4
in the expansion of .
(e) (i) Express cosx sinx in the form Rcos (x + ), where is in radians.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, sketch the graph of y = cosx sinx for 0 x 2. 2
2
2 2
2
5
+
( )
x
2
1
2
2
0
1
x
dx
2
d
dx
x x tan
( )
1
2
3
Marks
(a) How many nine-letter arrangements can be made using the letters of the word
ISOSCELES?
(b) A particle moves in a straight line and its position at time t is given by
.
(i) Show that the particle is undergoing simple harmonic motion.
(ii) Find the amplitude of the motion.
(iii) When does the particle first reach maximum speed after time t = 0?
(c) (i) Explain why the probability of getting a sum of 5 when one pair of fair
dice is tossed is .
(ii) Find the probability of getting a sum of 5 at least twice when a pair of
dice is tossed 7 times.
(d) Use mathematical induction to prove that
for all positive integers n.
1
1 3
1
3 5
1
5 7
1
2 1 2 1 2 1
+ +
( ) + ( )
=
+
L
n n
n
n
3
2
1
9
1
1
1
2
x t = +
4 2
3
sin

2
4
Marks
(a) A committee of 6 is to be chosen from 14 candidates. In how many different
ways can this be done?
(b) The function has a zero near x = 1.5. Taking x = 1.5 as a first
approximation, use one application of Newtons method to find a second
approximation to the zero. Give your answer correct to three decimal places.
(c) It is known that two of the roots of the equation 2x
3
+ x
2
kx + 6 = 0 are
reciprocals of each other. Find the value of k.
In the diagram, CQ and BP are altitudes of the triangle ABC. The lines CQ and
BP intersect at T, and AT is produced to meet CB at R.
(i) Explain why CPQB is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(ii) Explain why PAQT is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(iii) Prove that TAQ= QCB.
(iv) Prove that AR CB. 2
2
1
1
A
R
Q
B C
P
T
(d)
2
3 f x x
x
( ) = sin
2
3
1
5
Marks
(a) Find .
(b) The graph of f(x) = x
2
4x + 5 is shown in the diagram.
(i) Explain why f(x) does not have an inverse function.
(ii) Sketch the graph of the inverse function, g
1
(x), of g(x), where
g(x) = x
2
4x + 5, x 2.
(iii) State the domain of g
1
(x).
(iv) Find an expression for y = g
1
(x) in terms of x.
(c) Dr Kool wishes to find the temperature of a very hot substance using his
thermometer, which only measures up to 100C. Dr Kool takes a sample of the
substance and places it in a room with a surrounding air temperature of 20C,
and allows it to cool.
After 6 minutes the temperature of the substance is 80C, and after a further
2 minutes it is 50C. If T(t) is the temperature of the substance after t minutes,
then Newtons law of cooling states that T satisfies the equation
,
where k is a constant and A is the surrounding air temperature.
(i) Verify that T = A + Be
kt
satisfies the above equation.
(ii) Show that , and find the value of B.
(iii) Hence find the initial temperature of the substance. 1
3 k
e
=
log 2
2
1
dT
dt
k T A = ( )
2
1
1
1
y
x
(2, 1)
O
2 cos
2
3x dx
6
Marks
7
Marks
(a) The acceleration of a particle P is given by the equation
,
where x metres is the displacement of P from a fixed point O after t seconds.
Initially the particle is at O and has velocity 8 ms
1
in the positive direction.
(i) Show that the speed at any position x is given by 2(x
2
+ 4) ms
1
.
(ii) Hence find the time taken for the particle to travel 2 metres from O.
In the diagram, ABCD is a unit square. Points E and F are chosen on AD and DC
respectively, such that AEG= FHC, where G and H are the points at which
BE and BF respectively cut the diagonal AC.
Let AE = p, FC= q, AEG= and AGE = .
(i) Express in terms of p, and in terms of q.
(ii) Prove that p + q = 1 pq.
(iii) Show that the area of the quadrilateral EBFD is given by
.
(iv) What is the maximum value of the area of EBFD? 2
1
2
1
2 1
+

+ ( )
p p
p
1
2
2
A
G
H
B
C D
E
F
q
1
1
p
(b)
2
3
d x
dt
x x
2
2
2
8 4 = +
( )
(a) David is in a life raft and Anna is in a cabin cruiser searching for him. They are
in contact by mobile telephone. David tells Anna that he can see Mt Hope. From
Davids position the mountain has a bearing of 109, and the angle of elevation
to the top of the mountain is 16.
Anna can also see Mt Hope. From her position it has a bearing of 139, and the
top of the mountain has an angle of elevation of 23.
The top of Mt Hope is 1500 m above sea level.
Find the distance and bearing of the life raft from Annas position.
1500 m
23
16
H
B
A
D
4
8
Marks
(b) A particle is projected from the origin with velocity v ms
1
at an angle to the
horizontal. The position of the particle at time t seconds is given by the parametric
equations
,
where g ms
2
is the acceleration due to gravity. (You are NOT required to derive
these.)
(i) Show that the maximum height reached, h metres, is given by
.
(ii) Show that it returns to the initial height at .
(iii) Chris and Sandy are tossing a ball to each other in a long hallway. The
ceiling height is H metres and the ball is thrown and caught at shoulder
height, which is S metres for both Chris and Sandy.
The ball is thrown with a velocity v ms
1
. Show that the maximum
separation, d metres, that Chris and Sandy can have and still catch the ball
is given by
End of paper
d H S
v
g
H S v g H S
d
v
g
v g H S
= ( )
( ) ( )
= ( )
4
2
4
4
2
2 2
2
2
, ,
, .
if and
if
S
d
H
4
2 x
v
g
=
2
2 sin
h
v
g
=
2 2
2
sin
2
x vt
y vt gt
=
=
cos
sin
1
2
2
9
Marks
BLANK PAGE
10
BLANK PAGE
11
12
STANDARD INTEGRALS
x dx
n
x n x n
x
dx x x
e dx
a
e a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax ax dx
a
ax
n n
ax ax
=
+
<
= >
=
+
1
1
1 0 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
, ;
ln ,
,
cos sin ,
sin cos ,
sec tan ,
sec tan sec ,
, if
aa
a x
dx
a
x
a
a
a x
dx
x
a
a a x a
x a
dx x x a x a
x a
dx x x a
x x x
e
+
=
= > < <
= +
( )
> >
+
= + +
( )
=
0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
tan ,
sin , ,
ln ,
ln
Mat hemat ics Ex t ensio n 1
411
2 0 0 4
H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C A T E
E X A M I N A T I O N
be used
Total marks 84
Total marks 84
Marks
(a) Indicate the region on the number plane satisfied by .
(b) Solve .
(c) Let A be the point (3, 1) and B be the point (9, 2).
Find the coordinates of the point P which divides the interval AB externally in
the ratio 5: 2.
(d) Find .
(e) Use the substitution u = x 3 to evaluate
. x x dx
3
3
4
3
2
dx
x 4
2
0
1
2
3
4
1
3
x +
<
2 y x +1
2
(a) Evaluate .
(b) Find .
The line AT is the tangent to the circle at A, and BT is a secant meeting the
circle at B and C.
Given that AT = 12, BC= 7 and CT = x, find the value of x.
(d) (i) Write 8cosx + 6sinx in the form Acos(x ), where A > 0 and 0
2
.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 8cosx + 6sinx = 5 for 0 x 2.
Give your answers correct to three decimal places.
(e) A four-person team is to be chosen at random from nine women and seven men.
(i) In how many ways can this team be chosen?
(ii) What is the probability that the team will consist of four women? 1
1
2
2
2
x
C
B
A
T
7
12
(c)
2
d
dx
x cos
( )
1 2
3
2 lim
sin
x
x
x
0
5
2
3
Marks
(a) Find .
(b) Let P(x) = (x + 1) (x 3) Q(x) + a(x + 1) + b, where Q(x) is a polynomial
and a and b are real numbers.
When P(x) is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is 11.
When P(x) is divided by (x 3) the remainder is 1.
(i) What is the value of b?
(ii) What is the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x 3)?
(c) A ferry wharf consists of a floating pontoon linked to a jetty by a 4 metre long
walkway. Let h metres be the difference in height between the top of the
pontoon and the top of the jetty and let x metres be the horizontal distance
between the pontoon and the jetty.
(i) Find an expression for x in terms of h.
(ii) When the top of the pontoon is 1 metre lower than the top of the jetty, the
tide is rising at a rate of 0.3 metres per hour.
At what rate is the pontoon moving away from the jetty?
3
1
4
x
h
Jetty
Pontoon
2
1
2 cos
2
4x dx
4
Marks
The length of each edge of the cube ABCDEFGH is 2 metres. A circle is drawn
on the face ABCD so that it touches all four edges of the face. The centre of the
circle is O and the diagonal AC meets the circle at X and Y.
(i) Explain why FAC= 60.
(ii) Show that .
(iii) Calculate the size of XFY to the nearest degree.
End of Question 3
1
1 FO = 6 metres
1
B
X
A
C D
F
E
O
Y
H
G
(d)
5
Marks
(a) Use mathematical induction to prove that for all integers n 3,
.
(b) The two points are on the parabola x
2
= 4ay.
(i) The equation of the tangent to x
2
= 4ay at an arbitrary point on
the parabola is y = tx at
2
. (Do not prove this.)
Show that the tangents at the points P and Q meet at R, where R is the
point .
(ii) As P varies, the point Q is always chosen so that POQ is a right angle,
where O is the origin.
Find the locus of R.
(c) Katie is one of ten members of a social club. Each week one member is selected
at random to win a prize.
(i) What is the probability that in the first 7 weeks Katie will win at least
1 prize?
(ii) Show that in the first 20 weeks Katie has a greater chance of winning
exactly 2 prizes than of winning exactly 1 prize.
(iii) For how many weeks must Katie participate in the prize drawing so that
she has a greater chance of winning exactly 3 prizes than of winning
exactly 2 prizes?
2
2
1
2
a p q apq + ( ) ( )
,
2 2
2
at at ,
( )
P ap ap Q aq aq 2 2
2 2
, and ,
( ) ( )
1
2
3
1
2
4
1
2
5
1
2 2
1
=
( )
K
n n n
3
6
Marks
(a) A particle is moving along the x-axis, starting from a position 2 metres to the
right of the origin (that is, x = 2 when t = 0) with an initial velocity of 5 ms
1
and an acceleration given by
.
(i) Show that .
(ii) Hence find an expression for x in terms of t.
(b) The diagram below shows a sketch of the graph of y = f (x), where
for x 0.
(i) Copy or trace this diagram into your writing booklet.
On the same set of axes, sketch the graph of the inverse function, y = f
1
(x).
(ii) State the domain of f
1
(x).
(iii) Find an expression for y = f
1
(x) in terms of x.
(iv) The graphs of y = f (x) and y = f
1
(x) meet at exactly one point P.
Let be the x-coordinate of P. Explain why is a root of the equation
x
3
+ x 1 = 0 .
(v) Take 0.5 as a first approximation for . Use one application of Newtons
method to find a second approximation for .
2
1
2
1
1
y
x
1
1
O
f x
x
( ) =
+
1
1
2
3
2 x x = +
2
1
x x x = + 2 2
3
7
Marks
The points A, B, C and D are placed on a circle of radius r such that AC and BD
meet at E. The lines AB and DC are produced to meet at F, and BECF is a cyclic
quadrilateral.
Copy or trace this diagram into your writing booklet.
(i) Find the size of DBF, giving reasons for your answer.
(ii) Find an expression for the length of AD in terms of r.
1
2
A
B
C
D
E
F
NOT TO
SCALE
(a)
8
Marks
(b) A fire hose is at ground level on a horizontal plane. Water is projected from the
hose. The angle of projection, , is allowed to vary. The speed of the water as it
leaves the hose, v metres per second, remains constant. You may assume that if
the origin is taken to be the point of projection, the path of the water is given by
the parametric equations
x = vt cos
y = vt sin
1
2
gt
2
where g ms
2
is the acceleration due to gravity. (Do NOT prove this.)
(i) Show that the water returns to ground level at a distance metres
from the point of projection.
This fire hose is now aimed at a 20 metre high thin wall from a point of
projection at ground level 40 metres from the base of the wall. It is known that
when the angle is 15, the water just reaches the base of the wall.
(ii) Show that v
2
= 80g.
(iii) Show that the cartesian equation of the path of the water is given by
.
(iv) Show that the water just clears the top of the wall if
tan
2
4tan + 3 = 0.
(v) Find all values of for which the water hits the front of the wall.
End of Question 6
2
2
y x
x
= tan
sec

2 2
160
2
1
40
v
20
Wall
2
v
g
2
2 sin
9
Marks
(a) The rise and fall of the tide is assumed to be simple harmonic, with the time
between successive high tides being 12.5 hours. A ship is to sail from a wharf to
the harbour entrance and then out to sea. On the morning the ship is to sail, high
tide at the wharf occurs at 2 am. The water depths at the wharf at high tide and
low tide are 10 metres and 4 metres respectively.
(i) Show that the water depth, y metres, at the wharf is given by
, where t is the number of hours after high tide.
(ii) An overhead power cable obstructs the ships exit from the wharf. The
ship can only leave if the water depth at the wharf is 8.5 metres or less.
Show that the earliest possible time that the ship can leave the wharf
is 4:05 am.
(iii) At the harbour entrance, the difference between the water level at high
tide and low tide is also 6 metres. However, tides at the harbour entrance
occur 1 hour earlier than at the wharf. In order for the ship to be able to
sail through the shallow harbour entrance, the water level must be at least
2 metres above the low tide level.
The ship takes 20 minutes to sail from the wharf to the harbour entrance
and it must be out to sea by 7 am. What is the latest time the ship can leave
the wharf?
(b) (i) Show that for all positive integers n,
.
(ii) Hence show that for 1 k n,
.
(iii) Show that .
(iv) By differentiating both sides of the identity in (i), show that for 1 k < n,
.
End of paper
n
n
k
n
n
k
k
k
k
k
n
k
( )

+ ( )

+ +

=
+
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
1 1
L
3
1 n
n
k
k
n
k
= + ( )
+
1
1
1
n
k
n
k
n
k
k
k
n
k
+ +

1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
L
1
x x x x x x
n n n
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2
+ ( ) + + ( ) + + + ( ) + + ( ) +
[ ]
= + ( )

L
1
2
2
y
t
= +

7 3
4
25
cos

2
10
Marks
BLANK PAGE
11
12
STANDARD INTEGRALS
x dx
n
x n x n
x
dx x x
e dx
a
e a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax ax dx
a
ax
n n
ax ax
=
+
<
= >
=
+
1
1
1 0 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
, ;
ln ,
,
cos sin ,
sin cos ,
sec tan ,
sec tan sec ,
, if
aa
a x
dx
a
x
a
a
a x
dx
x
a
a a x a
x a
dx x x a x a
x a
dx x x a
x x x
e
+
=
= > < <
= +
( )
> >
+
= + +
( )
=
0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
tan ,
sin , ,
ln ,
ln
411
2005
E X A MI N AT I O N
be used
Total marks 84
BLANK PAGE
2
Total marks 84
Marks
(a) Find .
(b) Sketch the region in the plane defined by .
(c) State the domain and range of .
(d) Using the substitution u = 2x
2
+ 1, or otherwise, find .
(e) The point P(1, 4) divides the line segment joining A(1, 8) and B (x, y)
internally in the ratio 2: 3. Find the coordinates of the point B.
(f) The acute angle between the lines y = 3x + 5 and y = mx + 4 is 45. Find the
two possible values of m.
2
2
3
x x dx 2 1
2
5
4
+
( )
2 y
x
=

cos
1
4
2 y x + 2 3
1
1
49
2
x
dx
+
3
(a) Find .
(b) Use the binomial theorem to find the term independent of x in the expansion
of .
(c) (i) Differentiate e
3x
(cosx 3sinx).
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find .
(d) A salad, which is initially at a temperature of 25C, is placed in a refrigerator
that has a constant temperature of 3C. The cooling rate of the salad is
proportional to the difference between the temperature of the refrigerator and
the temperature, T, of the salad. That is, T satisfies the equation
= k(T 3),
where t is the number of minutes after the salad is placed in the refrigerator.
(i) Show that T = 3 + Ae
kt
satisfies this equation.
(ii) The temperature of the salad is 11C after 10 minutes. Find the
temperature of the salad after 15 minutes.
3
1
dT
dt
1
e x dx
x 3
sin
2
2
1
2
12
x
x
3
2
d
dx
x 2 5
1
sin
( )
4
Marks
(a) (i) Show that the function g(x) = x
2
log
e
(x + 1) has a zero between
0.7 and 0.9.
(ii) Use the method of halving the interval to find an approximation to this
zero of g(x), correct to one decimal place.
(b) (i) By expanding the left-hand side, show that
sin(5x + 4x) + sin(5x 4x) = 2sin5x cos4x.
(ii) Hence find .
(c) Use the definition of the derivative, , to find
when .
In the circle centred at O the chord AB has length 7. The point E lies on AB and
AE has length 4. The chord CD passes through E.
Let the length of CD be l and the length of DE be x.
(i) Show that x
2
lx + 12 = 0.
(ii) Find the length of the shortest chord that passes through E. 2
2
A
B
E
C
x
4
NOT TO
SCALE
D
O
(d)
f x x x ( ) = +
2
5
2 ( ) f x ( ) =
+ ( ) ( )
f x
f x h f x
h h
lim
0
2 sin cos 5 4 x x dx
1
2
1
5
Marks
(a) Evaluate .
(b) By making the substitution , or otherwise, show that
.
(c) The points P(2ap, ap
2
) and Q(2aq, aq
2
) lie on the parabola x
2
= 4ay.
The equation of the normal to the parabola at P is x + py = 2ap + ap
3
and
the equation of the normal at Q is similarly given by x + qy = 2aq + aq
3
.
(i) Show that the normals at P and Q intersect at the point R whose
coordinates are
(
apq
[
p + q
]
, a
[
p
2
+ pq + q
2
+ 2
])
.
(ii) The equation of the chord PQis . (Do NOT show this.)
If the chord PQ passes through (0, a), show that pq = 1.
(iii) Find the equation of the locus of R if the chord PQ passes through (0, a).
(d) Use the principle of mathematical induction to show that 4
n
1 7n > 0 for all
integers n 2.
3
2
1 y p q x apq = + ( )
1
2
2
cosec

+ = cot cot
2
2 t = tan
2
2 cos sin x x dx
2
0
4
6
Marks
(a) Find the exact value of the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the
region bounded by the curve y = sin2x, the x-axis and the line x = is rotated
about the x-axis.
(b) Two chords of a circle, AB and CD, intersect at E. The perpendiculars to AB at A
and CD at D intersect at P. The line PE meets BC at Q, as shown in the diagram.
(i) Explain why DPAE is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(ii) Prove that APE = ABC.
(iii) Deduce that PQ is perpendicular to BC.
(c) A particle moves in a straight line and its position at time t is given by
.
(i) Express in the form Rsin(3t ) , where is
in radians.
(ii) The particle is undergoing simple harmonic motion. Find the amplitude
and the centre of the motion.
(iii) When does the particle first reach its maximum speed after time t = 0? 1
2
2
3 3 3 sin cos t t
x t t = + 5 3 3 3 sin cos
1
2
1
D
P
B A
C
Q
E
8
3
7
Marks
(a) There are five matches on each weekend of a football season. Megan takes part
in a competition in which she earns one point if she picks more than half of the
winning teams for a weekend, and zero points otherwise. The probability that
Megan correctly picks the team that wins any given match is .
(i) Show that the probability that Megan earns one point for a given
weekend is 0.7901, correct to four decimal places.
(ii) Hence find the probability that Megan earns one point every week of the
eighteen-week season. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
(iii) Find the probability that Megan earns at most 16 points during the
eighteen-week season. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
2
1
2
2
3
8
Marks
(b) An experimental rocket is at a height of 5000 m, ascending with a velocity of
ms
1
at an angle of 45 to the horizontal, when its engine stops.
After this time, the equations of motion of the rocket are:
x = 200t
y = 4.9t
2
+ 200t + 5000,
where t is measured in seconds after the engine stops. (Do NOT show this.)
(i) What is the maximum height the rocket will reach, and when will it reach
this height?
(ii) The pilot can only operate the ejection seat when the rocket is
descending at an angle between 45 and 60 to the horizontal. What are
the earliest and latest times that the pilot can operate the ejection seat?
(iii) For the parachute to open safely, the pilot must eject when the speed of
the rocket is no more than 350 ms
1
. What is the latest time at which the
pilot can eject safely?
End of Question 6
2
3
2
x
O
y
5000 m
200 2
9
Marks
(a) An oil tanker at T is leaking oil which forms a circular oil slick. An observer is
measuring the oil slick from a position P, 450 metres above sea level and
2 kilometres horizontally from the centre of the oil slick.
(i) At a certain time the observer measures the angle, , subtended by
the diameter of the oil slick, to be 0.1 radians. What is the radius, r,
at this time?
(ii) At this time, = 0.02 radians per hour. Find the rate at which the radius
of the oil slick is growing.
(b) Let (x) = Ax
3
Ax + 1, where A > 0.
(i) Show that (x) has stationary points at .
(ii) Show that (x) has exactly one zero when .
(iii) By observing that (1) = 1, deduce that (x) does not have a zero in
the interval 1 x 1 when .
(iv) Let g() = 2cos + tan, where .
By calculating g() and applying the result in part (iii), or otherwise,
show that g() does not have any stationary points.
(v) Hence, or otherwise, deduce that g() has an inverse function.
End of paper
1
3 < <

2 2
0
3 3
2
< < A
1
2 A <
3 3
2
1 x =
3
3
2
d
dt
2
2 km
r
T
P
r
450 m
10
Marks
BLANK PAGE
11
12
STANDARD INTEGRALS
x dx
n
x n x n
x
dx x x
e dx
a
e a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax dx
a
ax a
ax ax dx
a
ax
n n
ax ax
=
+
<
= >
=
+
1
1
1 0 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
, ;
ln ,
,
cos sin ,
sin cos ,
sec tan ,
sec tan sec ,
, if
aa
a x
dx
a
x
a
a
a x
dx
x
a
a a x a
x a
dx x x a x a
x a
dx x x a
x x x
e
+
=
= > < <
= +
( )
> >
+
= + +
( )
=
0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
tan ,
sin , ,
ln ,
ln
2006
E X A MI N AT I O N
be used
Total marks 84
411
BLANK PAGE
2
Total marks 84
Marks
2
3
2
2
3
(a) Find .
dx
x 49 +
2

(b) Using the substitution u = x
4
+ 8, or otherwise, find x
3

x
4
8 + . dx
(c) Evaluate . lim
sin
x
x
x 0
5
3
(d) Using the sum of two cubes, simplify:
,
for . 0
2
< <

sin cos
sin cos
3 3
1

+
+

(e) For what values of b is the line y = 12x + b tangent to y = x
3
?
3
Marks
2
2
2
1
1
(a) Let (x) = sin
1
(x + 5).
(i) State the domain and range of the function (x).
(ii) Find the gradient of the graph of y = (x) at the point where x = 5.
(iii) Sketch the graph of y = (x).
(b) (i) By applying the binomial theorem to (1 + x)
n
and differentiating,
show that
n
n1
n n n
r 1
n
(
1+ x
)
=

+ 2

x + +

r

x + + n

x
n 1
.
1 2 r n

(ii) Hence deduce that
n n n
n3
n1

=

+ +r

2
r1

+ + n

2
nn1
.
1

r

n

4
Marks
1
2
1
(c)
x
U T
y
P
Q R
The points P(2ap, ap
2
), Q(2aq, aq
2
) and R(2ar, ar
2
) lie on the parabola
x
2
= 4ay. The chord QR is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola. The
chord PR meets the axis of the parabola at U.
The equation of the chord PR is . y p r x apr = +
( )
1
2
(Do NOT prove this.)
The equation of the tangent at P is y = px ap
2
. (Do NOT prove this.)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Find the coordinates of U.
The tangents at P and Q meet at the point T. Show that the coordinates
of T are (a(p + q), apq).
Show that TU is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola.
End of Question 2
5
4

sin
2
x dx.
0
(a) Find
(b) (i) By considering
( )
x = 3log x x
e
, show that the curve y = 3log x
e
and
the line y = x meet at a point P whose x-coordinate is between 1.5 and 2.
(ii) Use one application of Newtons method, starting at x = 1.5, to find an
approximation to the x-coordinate of P. Give your answer correct to two
decimal places.
(c) Sophie has five coloured blocks: one red, one blue, one green, one yellow and
one white. She stacks two, three, four or five blocks on top of one another to
form a vertical tower.
(i) How many different towers are there that she could form that are three
blocks high?
(ii) How many different towers can she form in total?
Marks
2
1
2
1
2
6
Marks
1
1
2
(d)
Q
T
M
K
N
P
The points P, Q and T lie on a circle. The line MN is tangent to the circle at T
with M chosen so that QM is perpendicular to MN. The point K on PQ is chosen
so that TK is perpendicular to PQ as shown in the diagram.
(i) Show that QKTM is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(ii) Show that KMT = KQT.
(iii) Hence, or otherwise, show that MK is parallel to TP.
End of Question 3
7
BLANK PAGE
8
Marks
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
(a) The cubic polynomial , where r, s and t are real numbers,
has three real zeros, 1, and .
(i) Find the value of r.
(ii) Find the value of s + t .
P(x) = x
3
+ rx
2
+ sx + t
(b) A particle is undergoing simple harmonic motion on the x-axis about the origin.
It is initially at its extreme positive position. The amplitude of the motion is 18
and the particle returns to its initial position every 5 seconds.
(i) Write down an equation for the position of the particle at time t seconds.
(ii) How long does the particle take to move from a rest position to the point
halfway between that rest position and the equilibrium position?
9
(c) A particle is moving so that
x = 18x
3
+ 27x
2
+ 9x
.
Initially x = 2 and the velocity, v, is 6.
(i) Show that v
2
= 9x
2
(1 + x)
2
.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that
(iii) It can be shown that for some constant c,
Using this equation and the initial conditions, find x as a function of t.

1

dx = 3t .
x
(
1+ x
)
1
log
e
1+
= 3t c + .
Marks
2
2
2
2
(a) Show that
(b) Let
= 10e
0.7t
+ 3 is a solution of = 0 7 .
(
y 3
)
.
dt
y
dy
( )
for all x. Show that (x) has an inverse.
(c)
( )
x = log e
x
e
1+
x cm
A hemispherical bowl of radius r cm is initially empty. Water is poured into it at
a constant rate of k cm
3
per minute. When the depth of water in the bowl is
x cm, the volume, V cm
3
, of water in the bowl is given by
(i) Show that
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that it takes 3.5 times as long to fill the bowl
to the point where as it does to fill the bowl to the point where

V = x
2
(
3r x
).
3
dx k
= .
dt x r x
(
2
)
2
x = r
3
1
x = r .
3
10
tan
(

)
tan tan
=
1+ tan tan
Marks
1
3
(d) (i) Use the fact that to show that

1+ tan n tan
(
n +1
)
= cot
(
tan
(
n +1
)
tan n
)
.
(ii) Use mathematical induction to prove that, for all integers n 1,
tan tan 2 + tan 2 tan 3 + + tan n tan
(
n +1
)
=
(
n +1
))
+ cot tan
(
n +1
)
.
End of Question 5
11
(a) Two particles are fired simultaneously from the ground at time t = 0.
Particle 1 is projected from the origin at an angle , 0
< < , with an initial

2
velocity V.
Particle 2 is projected vertically upward from the point A, at a distance a to the
right of the origin, also with an initial velocity of V.
x
V

V
O A
y
It can be shown that while both particles are in flight, Particle 1 has equations
of motion:
x Vt = cos
2
y Vt sin
1
gt = ,
2
and Particle 2 has equations of motion:
x a =
y Vt
1
gt
2
= .
2
Do NOT prove these equations of motion.
Let L be the distance between the particles at time t.
12
Marks
2
3
1
1
2
1
2
(i) Show that, while both particles are in flight,
L
2
= 2V
2
t
2
1 sin 2aVt cos + a
. ( )
2
(ii) An observer notices that the distance between the particles in flight first
decreases, then increases.
Show that the distance between the particles in flight is smallest when
a cos
t =
2 1 V
(
sin
)
.
1 sin

2
(iii) Show that the smallest distance between the two particles in flight occurs
while Particle 1 is ascending if
ag cos
V > .
2sin
(
1 sin
)
s a and that this smallest distance i
(b) In an endurance event, the probability that a competitor will complete the course
is p and the probability that a competitor will not complete the course is
q = 1 p. Teams consist of either two or four competitors. A team scores points
if at least half its members complete the course.

(i) Show that the probability that a four-member team will have at least
three of its members not complete the course is 4pq
3
+ q
4
.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find an expression in terms of q only for the
probability that a four-member team will score points.
iii) Find an expression in terms of q only for the probability that a
two-member team will score points.
iv) Hence, or otherwise, find the range of values of q for which a
two-member team is more likely than a four-member team to score
points.
End of Question 6
(
(
13
w
2
dA
cos
(
sin cos
)
=
d 2
3
(a) Show that, when 0 < , the cross-sectional area is

2
A r =
2
(
si cos
)
.
(b) The formula in part (a) for A is true for 0 < < . (Do NOT prove this.)
By first expressing r in terms of w and , and then differentiating, show that
for 0 < < .
A gutter is to be formed by bending a long rectangular metal strip of width w so that
the cross-section is an arc of a circle.
Let r be the radius of the arc and 2 the angle at the centre, O, so that the
cross-sectional area, A, of the gutter is the area of the shaded region in the diagram on
the right.
O
CROSS-SECTION
2
B C
r r
Gutter
B C
w

Marks
2
3
14
(c) Let g
( )
= sin cos .
By considering g
( )
, show that g
( )
> 0 for 0 < < .
Marks
3
2
2
15
(d) Show that there is exactly one value of in the interval 0 < < for which
dA
= 0 .
d
dA
(e) Show that the value of for which = 0 gives the maximum cross-sectional
d
area. Find this area in terms of w.
End of paper
STANDARD INTEGRALS

x d
n
1
x = x
n+1
, n 1; x 0, if n < 0
n +1
1

dx = ln x, x > 0
x

ax
1
ax
e dx = e , a 0
a

1
cosax dx = sin ax, a 0
a

1
sin ax dx = cosax, a 0
a

1
sec
2
ax dx = tan ax, a 0
a

1
sec ax tan ax dx = sec ax, aa 0
a

1 1

= tan
x
dx
1
, a 0
a
2
+ x
2
a a

1
x
dx = sin
1
, a > 0, a < x < a
a

1
dx = ln
x
2
a
2
(
x + x
2
a
2
)
, x > > a 0

1
dx = ln
(
x +
x
2
+ a
2
x
2
+ a
2
)
NOTE : ln x = log x x
e
, >> 0

a
2
x
2
16
2007
E X A MI N AT I O N
Readingtime5minutes
Workingtime2hours
Writeusingblackorbluepen
Board-approvedcalculatorsmay
beused
Atableofstandardintegralsis
providedatthebackofthispaper
Allnecessaryworkingshouldbe
shownineveryquestion
Total marks 84
AttemptQuestions17
Allquestionsareofequalvalue
411
Total marks 84
AnswereachquestioninaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
Marks
2
2
2
3
3
Question 1 (12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
3
(a) Write
(
1 + 5
)
intheform a b + 5 ,wherea andb areintegers.
(b) Theinterval AB,whereA is(4, 5) andB is(19, 5),isdividedinternallyinthe
ratio 2 : 3bythepointP(x, y).Findthevaluesofx and y.
(c) Differentiate tan
1
(x
4
) withrespectto x.
(d) The graphs of the line x 2y + 3 = 0 and the curve y = x
3
+ 1 intersect
at (1, 2). Find the exact value, in radians, of the acute angle between the line
and thetangenttothecurveatthepointofintersection.
2

4
2 x
(e) Usethesubstitution u = 25 x toevaluate

dx .
3
25 x
2
2
Marks
2
2
1
3
2
2
1 cos
(a) Byusingthesubstitution t = tan ,orotherwise,showthat = tan .
2 sin 2
(b) Let ( ) x = 2cos

1
x .
(i) Sketchthegraphof y = ( ) x ,indicatingclearlythecoordinatesofthe
endpointsofthegraph.
(ii) Statetherangeof ( ) x .
(c) The polynomial P(x) = x
2
+ ax + b has a zero at x = 2.When P(x) is divided
by x + 1, theremainderis 18.
Findthevaluesofa and b.
(d) Askydiverjumpsfromahotairballoonwhichis2000 metresabovetheground.
Thevelocity,v metrespersecond,atwhichsheisfallingt secondsafterjumping
isgivenby v = 50(1 e
0.2t
).
(i) Find her acceleration ten seconds after she jumps. Give your answer
correctto one decimalplace.
(ii) Findthedistancethatshehasfalleninthefirstten seconds.Give your
answercorrectto thenearestmetre.
3
Marks
3
3
2
2
2
(a) Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the region bounded
1
by thecurve y = ,thex-axis,they-axisandtheline x = 3, isrotated
9 + x
2
aboutthex-axis.
x 2
(b) (i) Findtheverticalandhorizontalasymptotesofthehyperbola y =
x 4
x 2
andhencesketchthegraphof y = .
x 4
x 2
(ii) Hence,orotherwise,findthevaluesof x forwhich 3.
x 4
(c) A particle is moving in a straight line with its acceleration as a function of x
givenby x =
e
2 x
.Itisinitiallyattheoriginandistravellingwithavelocity
of1 metrepersecond.
(i) Showthat x e =
x
.
(ii) Henceshowthat x = log (t
e
+ 1).
4
Marks
1
1
2
3
3
2
(a) Inalargecity,10%ofthepopulationhasgreeneyes.
(i) What is the probability that two randomly chosen people both have
green eyes?
(ii) What is the probability that exactly two of a group of 20 randomly
chosen people have green eyes? Give your answer correct to three
decimalplaces.
(iii) What is the probability that more than two of a group of 20 randomly
chosen people have green eyes? Give your answer correct to two
decimal places.
(b) Use mathematical induction to prove that 7
2n1
+ 5 is divisible by 12, for all
integers n 1.
(c)
A
B
P
NOT
X Q
TO
SCALE
C
D
ThediagramshowspointsA,B,C and D onacircle.ThelinesAC andBD are
perpendicular and intersect at X. The perpendicular to AD through X meets
AD at P andBC at Q.
Copyortracethisdiagramintoyourwritingbooklet.
(i) Provethat QXB = QBX.
(ii) ProvethatQ bisectsBC.
5
Marks
2
2
2
3
(a)
O

Q
r
T P
The points P and Q lie on the circle with centre O and radius r. The arc PQ
subtends an angle at O. The tangent at P and the line OQ intersect at T, as
showninthediagram.
(i) Thearc PQ dividestriangle TPO intotworegionsofequalarea.
Show thattan = 2.
(ii) A first approximation to the solution of the equation 2 tan = 0 is
= 1.15 radians. Use one application of Newtons method to find
a betterapproximation.Giveyouranswercorrecttofourdecimalplaces.
(b) MrandMrsRobertsandtheirfourchildrengotothetheatre.Theyarerandomly
allocatedsixadjacentseatsinasinglerow.
What is the probability that the four children are allocated seats next to
each other?
(c) Findtheexactvaluesofx and y whichsatisfythesimultaneousequations
1
1
sin os
x + c
1
y = and
2 3
1 2
3sin
1
x cos
1
y = .
2 3
6
Marks
1
2
Question5(continued)
(d)
y
Q(2aq,aq
2
)
x
2
=4ay
P(2ap,ap
2
)
O x
ThediagramshowsapointP(2ap, ap
2
) ontheparabola x
2
= 4ay.Thenormal
totheparabolaat P intersectstheparabolaagainat Q(2aq, aq
2
).
Theequationof PQ is x + py 2ap ap
3
= 0.(DoNOTprovethis.)
(i) Provethat p
2
+ pq + 2 = 0.
(ii) IfthechordsOP and OQ areperpendicular,showthat p
2
= 2.
End of Question 5
7
BLANKPAGE
8
Marks
2
1
2
2
1
3
1
(a) A particle moves in a straight line. Its displacement, x metres, after t seconds
is givenby
x = 3sin 2t cos 2t + 3.
(i) Prove that the particle is moving in simple harmonic motion about
x = 3 byshowingthat x = 4(x 3) .
(ii) Whatistheperiodofthemotion?
(iii) Express the velocity of the particle in the form x = Acos (2 t ) ,
where isinradians.
(iv) Hence, or otherwise, find all times within the first seconds when
the particleismovingat2 metresper secondineitherdirection.
(b) Considerthefunction ( ) =
x

x e e
x
.
(i) Showthat ( ) x isincreasingforallvaluesof x.
(ii) Showthattheinversefunctionisgivenby
1
( )
x + x
2
4
+
x = log
e

.
2

(iii) Hence, or otherwise, solve e
x
e
x
= 5. Give your answer correct to
two decimalplaces.
9
Marks
1
2
a
y =log
e
x
y = kx
n
c
o
m
m
o
n
t
a
n
g
e
n
t

O
y
x
(a)
Thegraphsofthefunctions y = kx
n
and y = log x
e
haveacommontangentat
x = a,asshowninthediagram.
(i) Byconsideringgradients,showthat a
n
1
= .
nk
(ii) Expressk asafunctionof n byeliminatinga.
10
y
8metres

O 10metres x
Marks
2
2
2
3
(b) A small paintball is fired from the origin with initial velocity 14 metres per
second towards an eight-metre high barrier. The origin is at ground level,
10 metresfromthebaseofthebarrier.
Theequationsofmotionare
x =14t cos
y =14t sin 4.9t
2
where istheangletothehorizontalatwhichthepaintballisfiredandt isthe
timeinseconds.(DoNOTprovetheseequationsofmotion.)
(i) Showthattheequationoftrajectoryofthepaintballis
1 + m
2

y m = x x
2
,where .

m = tan
40
(ii) Showthatthepaintballhitsthebarrieratheighth metreswhen

m = 2 3 0 . 4h .
Hencedeterminethemaximumvalueof h.
(iii) Thereisalargeholeinthebarrier.Thebottomoftheholeis3.9 metres
abovethegroundandthetopoftheholeis5.9 metresabovetheground.
The paintball passes through the hole if m is in one of two intervals.
One intervalis 2.8 m 3.2.
Findtheotherinterval.
(iv) Showthat,ifthepaintballpassesthroughthehole,therangeis
40 m
metres.
1 + m
2
Hencefindthewidthsofthetwointervalsinwhichthepaintballcanland
atgroundlevelontheothersideofthebarrier.
End of paper
11
STANDARD INTEGRALS

1

+
x d
n
x = x
n 1
, n 1; x

0, if n < 0

n + 1

1

dx = ln x , xx > 0

x

e d
ax
1
x = e
ax
, a 0

a

1

cosax dx = sinax , aa
0
a

1
sinax dx = cosax , a 0

a

2
1
sec ax dx = ttan ax , a
0
a

1
secax tanax dx

= secax , a 0
a

1 1
1
x
dx = tan , a 0

a a
aa
2
+ x
2

1
x

dx sin
1
, aa 0, a x a

= > < <
2 2
a
a x

1

dx = ln
(
x + x
2
a
2
)
, x > a >> 0

x
2
a
2

1

dx = ln
(
x + x
2
+ a
2

x
2
+ a
2
)
NOTE : ln x = log xx , x
e
> 0
12
2008
E X A MI N AT I O N
Readingtime5minutes
Workingtime2hours
Writeusingblackorbluepen
Board-approvedcalculatorsmay
beused
Atableofstandardintegralsis
providedatthebackofthispaper
Allnecessaryworkingshouldbe
shownineveryquestion
Total marks 84
AttemptQuestions17
Allquestionsareofequalvalue
411
BLANKPAGE
2

4

cos sin
2
d
.
0

1
1
dx .

1
4 x
2
Total marks 84
AnswereachquestioninaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
(a) Thepolynomialx
3
isdividedby x + 3. Calculatetheremainder.
(b) Differentiate cos
1
(3x) withrespectto x.
(c) Evaluate
(d) Findanexpressionforthecoefficientof x
8
y
4
intheexpansionof (2x + 3y)
12
.
(e) Evaluate

(f) Let . ( ) x = log
e
(x 3 )(5 x)
Whatisthedomainof ( ) x ?
Marks
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
d

v
2
dx
e
2
1
dx.
2

e
x
(
log x
e
)
Marks
3
3
3
3
(a) Usethesubstitution u = log x toevaluate
e
(b) A particle moves on the x-axis with velocity v.The particle is initially at rest
at x = 1.Itsaccelerationisgivenby x = + x 4.
Usingthefactthat x = ,findthespeedoftheparticleat x = 2.
(c) The polynomial p(x) is given by p(x) = ax
3
+ 16x
2
+ cx 120, where a and c
areconstants.
Thethreezerosofp(x) are 2,3 and .
Findthevalueof.
(d) Thefunction ( ) x = tan x log
e
x hasazeronear x = 4.
UseoneapplicationofNewtonsmethodtoobtainanotherapproximationtothis
zero.Giveyouranswercorrecttotwodecimalplaces.
4
A

P O C Q
x
Marks
1
3
3
2
1
2
(a) (i) Sketchthegraphof y = 2x 1 .
(ii) Hence,orotherwise,solve 2x 1 x 3 .
(b) Usemathematicalinductiontoprovethat,forintegers n 1,
n
1 + 3 2 4 3 + + 5 + n n ( + 2 ) = ( n + 1 2 )( n + 7).
6
(c)
A race car is travelling on the x-axis from P to Q at a constant velocity, v.
A spectatorisat A whichisdirectlyopposite O,and OA = metres.Whenthe
car is at C, its displacement from O is x metres and OAC = , with

<
.
2 2
d v
(i) Showthat = .
dt
2
+ x
2
d
(ii) Let m bethemaximumvalueof .
dt
Findthevalueof m intermsofv and .
d m
(iii) Therearetwovaluesof forwhich = .
dt 4
Findthesetwovaluesof .
5
Marks
2
3
1
1
(a) Aturkeyistakenfromtherefrigerator.Itstemperatureis5Cwhenitisplaced
inanovenpreheatedto190C.
Itstemperature, TC,aftert hoursintheovensatisfiestheequation
dT
= k T 190) ( .
dt
(i) Show that T = 190 185e
kt
satisfies both this equation and the initial
condition.
(ii) Theturkeyisplacedintotheovenat9 am.At10 amtheturkeyreaches
a temperature of 29C. The turkey will be cooked when it reaches a
temperatureof80C.
Atwhattime(tothenearestminute)willitbecooked?
(b) BarbaraandJohnandsixotherpeoplegothroughadoorwayoneatatime.
(i) InhowmanywayscantheeightpeoplegothroughthedoorwayifJohn
goesthroughthedoorwayafterBarbarawithno-oneinbetween?
(ii) Findthenumberofwaysinwhichtheeightpeoplecangothroughthe
doorwayifJohngoesthroughthedoorwayafterBarbara.
6
Marks
2
1
2
y
O
M
x
K
T
L
P(2ap,ap
2
)
x
2
=4ay
Q(2aq,aq
2
)
(c)
The points P (2ap, ap
2
), Q (2aq, aq
2
) lie on the parabola x
2
= 4ay. The
tangents to the parabola at P and Q intersect at T. The chord QO produced
meets PT at K,andPKQ isarightangle.
(i) FindthegradientofQO,andhenceshowthat pq = 2.
(ii) Thechord PO producedmeets QT at L.ShowthatPLQ isarightangle.
(iii) LetM bethemidpointofthechord PQ.Byconsideringthequadrilateral
PQLK,orotherwise,showthat MK = ML.
End of Question 4
7
Marks
2
3
1
3
3
(a) Let ( )
1
x = x x
2
for x 1.Thisfunctionhasaninverse,
1
( ) x .
2
(i) Sketch the graphs of y = ( ) x and y =
1
( ) x on the same set of
axes.(Usethesamescaleonbothaxes.)
(ii) Findanexpressionfor
1
( ) x .
(iii) Evaluate

.
(b) Aparticleismovinginsimpleharmonicmotioninastraightline.Itsmaximum
speedis2 m s
1
anditsmaximumaccelerationis6 m s
2
.
Findtheamplitudeandtheperiodofthemotion.
(c)
T
C
2
L
P
M
Q
C
1
K
Two circles C
1
and C
2
intersect at P and Q as shown in the diagram. The
tangent TP toC
2
at P meetsC
1
at K.Theline KQ meetsC
2
at M.Theline MP
meetsC
1
at L.
Copyortracethediagramintoyourwritingbooklet.
ProvethatPKL isisosceles.
8
T
North
O
120
B
A
Marks
1
3
3
2
3
(a) From a point A due south of a tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the
tower T,is23.Fromanotherpoint B,onabearingof120fromthetower,the
angleofelevationof T is32.ThedistanceAB is200 metres.
(i) Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet, adding the given
informationtoyourdiagram.
(ii) Hencefindtheheightofthetower.
(b) It can be shown that sin3 = 3sin 4sin
3
for all values of . (Do NOT
provethis.)
Usethisresulttosolvesin3 + sin2 = sin for 0 2.
(c) Letp and q bepositiveintegerswith p q.
(i) Usethebinomialtheoremtoexpand (1 + )
p +
x
q
, andhencewritedown
(
p q
1 + x)
+
thetermof whichisindependentof x.
x
q
(
p q
1 + x)
+ q
(ii) Given that = ( + )
p
1
1 x

1 , apply the binomial theorem
q
+

x
andtheresultofpart (i)tofindasimplerexpressionfor

p q

p q

p

q
1 + + + +
.
1 1

2 2

p

p
9
Marks
2

y
w
O P Q N

x
h
V
L M
r
AprojectileisfiredfromO withvelocity V atanangleofinclination acrosslevel
ground. The projectile passes through the points L and M, which are both h metres
above theground,attimes t
1
and t
2
respectively.Theprojectilereturnstotheground
at N.
Theequationsofmotionoftheprojectileare
1
x Vt cos and y = Vt sin gt
2
. (DoNOTprovethis.) =
2
2V 2h
(a) Showthat t + t = sin AND t t = .
1 2 1 2
g g
10
Let LON = and LNO = . Itcanbeshownthat
h h
tan = and tan = . (DoNOTprovethis.)
Vt
1
cos Vt
2
cos
(b) Showthat tan + tan = tan .
gh
(c) Showthat tan tan = .
2V
2
cos
2

Let ON = r and LM = w.
(d) Showthat r = h(cot + cot ) and w = h(cot cot ).
Letthegradientoftheparabolaat L betan .
(e) Showthat tan = tan tan .
w r
(f) Showthat
=
.
tan tan
End of paper
Marks
2
1
2
3
2
11

n
1

n+
x dx = x
1
, n 1; x

0, if n < 0

n + 1

1

dx = ln x , xx > 0

x

e d
ax
1
x = e
ax
, a 0

a

1

cosax dx
= sinax , aa 0
a

1

a

sec
2
1
ax dx = ttan ax , a
0
a

1
secax tanax dx secax , a

= 0
a

1 1
dx = tan
1
, a 0

aa
2

+
a a
x
2

1 x

dx sin
1
, aa 0, a x a

= > < <
2 2
a
a x

1

dx = ln
(
x + x
2
a
2
)
, x > a >> 0

x
2
a
2

1

dx

= ln
(
x + x
2
+ a
2

x
2
+ a
2
)
e
> 0
STANDARD INTEGRALS
12
2009
E X A MI N AT I O N
be used
Total marks 84
411
Total marks 84
2
1
1
3
2
3
(a) Factorise 8x
3
+ 27.
(b) Let x = ln(x 3 . What is the domain of ( ) ( ) ) x ?
(c) Find
sin 2x
lim .
x0 x
(d) Solve the inequality
x + 3
> 1.
2x
(e) Differentiate x cos
2
x.
(f) Using the substitution u = x
3
+ 1, or otherwise, evaluate
2
2 x
3
+1
x e dx.
0
2

3
2
2
2
2
1
(a) The polynomial p(x) = x
3
ax + b has a remainder of 2 when divided by
(x 1) and a remainder of 5 when divided by (x + 2).
Find the values of a and b.
(b) (i) Express 3 sin x + 4 cos x in the form A sin(x + ) where 0 .

2
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve 3 sin x + 4 cos x = 5 for 0 x 2. Give
your answer, or answers, correct to two decimal places.
(c) The diagram shows points P(2t, t
2
) and Q(4t, 4t
2
) which move along the
parabola x
2
= 4y. The tangents to the parabola at P and Q meet at R.
P (2t, t
2
)
y
x
x
2
= 4y
Q (4t, 4t
2
)
R
NOT TO
SCALE
(i) Show that the equation of the tangent at P is y = tx t
2
.
(ii) Write down the equation of the tangent at Q, and find the coordinates of
the point R in terms of t.
(iii) Find the Cartesian equation of the locus of R.
3
1 cos 2
tan
2
=
1 + cos 2

tan .
8
3 + e
2 x
.
4
x + 1
, y =
2
( ) (a) Let x =
(i) Find the range of ( ) x .
(ii) Find the inverse function
1
( ) x .
(b) (i) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = cos 2x and
for x .
(ii) Use your graph to determine how many solutions there are to the
equation 2 cos 2x = x + 1 for x .
(iii) One solution of the equation 2 cos 2x = x + 1 is close to x = 0.4. Use
one application of Newtons method to find another approximation to
this solution. Give your answer correct to three decimal places.

(c) (i) Prove that provided that cos 2 1.

(ii) Hence find the exact value of
1
2
2
1
3
2
1

4
4 2
( )
x + 3x
x = .
x
4
+ 3
(a) A test consists of five multiple-choice questions. Each question has four
alternative answers. For each question only one of the alternative answers is
correct.
Huong randomly selects an answer to each of the five questions.
(i) What is the probability that Huong selects three correct and two incorrect
answers?
(ii) What is the probability that Huong selects three or more correct
answers?
(iii) What is the probability that Huong selects at least one incorrect answer?
(b) Consider the function
(i) Show that ( ) x is an even function.
(ii) What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the graph
y = ( ) x ?
(iii) Find the x-coordinates of all stationary points for the graph y = ( ) x .
(iv) Sketch the graph y = ( ) x . You are not required to find any points
of inflexion.
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
5
d x
2

= n x
2

dt
2
dx
v =
dt
(a) The equation of motion for a particle moving in simple harmonic motion is
given by
where n is a positive constant, x is the displacement of the particle and t is time.
(i) Show that the square of the velocity of the particle is given by
v
2
= n
2
(a
2
x
2
)
where and a is the amplitude of the motion.
(ii) Find the maximum speed of the particle.
(iii) Find the maximum acceleration of the particle.
(iv) The particle is initially at the origin. Write down a formula for x as a
function of t, and hence find the first time that the particles speed is half
its maximum speed.
3
1
1
2
6
1
1
2
1
(b) The cross-section of a 10 metre long tank is an isosceles triangle, as shown in
the diagram. The top of the tank is horizontal.
h m
3 m

120
h m
3 m
1
0
m

NOT
TO
SCALE
When the tank is full, the depth of water is 3 m. The depth of water at time
t days is h metres.
(i) Find the volume, V, of water in the tank when the depth of water is
h metres.
(ii) Show that the area, A, of the top surface of the water is given by
. A h = 20 3
(iii) The rate of evaporation of the water is given by
,
dV
dt
= kA
where k is a positive constant.
Find the rate at which the depth of water is changing at time t.
(iv) It takes 100 days for the depth to fall from 3 m to 2 m. Find the time
taken for the depth to fall from 2 m to 1 m.
End of Question 5
7
1
2
1
(a) Two points, A and B, are on cliff tops on either side of a deep valley. Let h and R
be the vertical and horizontal distances between A and B as shown in the
diagram. The angle of elevation of B from A is , so that
= tan
1

h

.

h
A
y
x
B

R
At time t = 0, projectiles are fired simultaneously from A and B. The projectile
from A is aimed at B, and has initial speed U at an angle above the horizontal.
The projectile from B is aimed at A and has initial speed V at an angle below
the horizontal.
The equations for the motion of the projectile from A are
x
l
= Ut cos and , y Ut gt
1
2
1
2
= sin
and the equations for the motion of the projectile from B are
x
2
= R Vt cos and y h Vt
2
= sin . gt
2
1
2
(Do NOT prove these equations.)
(i) Let T be the time at which x
1
= x
2
.
Show that . T
R
U V
=
+ ( )cos
(ii) Show that the projectiles collide.
(iii) If the projectiles collide on the line x = R, where 0 < < 1, show that
. V U =

1
1

8
+ =
.
(b) (i) Sum the geometric series 3
1
1
3
(1 + x)
r
+ (1 + x)
r + 1
+ + (1 + x)
n
and hence show that
r

r + 1

n

n + 1

r + 1

(ii) Consider a square grid with n rows and n columns of equally spaced
points.
y
x
The diagram illustrates such a grid. Several intervals of gradient 1,
whose endpoints are a pair of points in the grid, are shown.
(1) Explain why the number of such intervals on the line y = x is
equal to .
n
2

(2) Explain why the total number, S
n
, of such intervals in the grid is
given by
. S
n n
n
=

+ +

+
2
2
3
2
1
2 2

nn

+ +

1
2
3
2
2
2

(iii) Using the result in part (i), show that
. S
n n n
n
=
( ) ( ) 1 2 1
6
End of Question 6
9
2
d
( ) 1 (a) (i) Use differentiation from first principles to show that x = 1.
dx
(ii) Use mathematical induction and the product rule for differentiation
d
n n1
to prove that x = nx for all positive integers n.
dx
( )
(b) A billboard of height a metres is mounted on the side of a building, with
its bottom edge h metres above street level. The billboard subtends an angle
at the point P, x metres from the building.
a
h
P
x

(i) Use the identity to show that
. =
+ ( + )

tan
1
2
ax
x h a h
tan
tan tan
tan tan
A B
A B
A B
( ) =

1 +
2
(ii) The maximum value of occurs when
Find the value of x for which is a maximum.
d
dx

= 0 and x is positive. 3
10
a
h
(c) Consider the billboard in part (b). There is a unique circle that passes through
the top and bottom of the billboard (points Q and R respectively) and is tangent
to the street at T.
Let be the angle subtended by the billboard at S, the point where PQ intersects
the circle.
Q
R
P
S
T

a
h
Copy the diagram into your writing booklet.
(i) Show that < when P and T are different points, and hence show that
is a maximum when P and T are the same point.
(ii) Using circle properties, find the distance of T from the building.
3
1
End of paper
11
STANDARD INTEGRALS

1
n n+1

x dx = x , n 1; x 0, if n < 0

n + 1

1

dx = ln x , xx > 0

x

1
ax ax
e dx = e , a 0

a

cosax dx =
1
sinax , aa 0
a

1

a

2
sec ax dx =
1
ttan ax , a 0
a

1
secax tan ax dx = secax , a 0

a

1 1 x
dx = tan
1
, a 0

2 2 a a

aa + x

1 x
1
dx = sin , aa > 0, a x a

< <
a
a x
2 2

1
2 2

dx = ln
(
x + x a
)
, x > a >> 0

x
2
a
2
1
2 2

dx = ln x + x + a

2 2

x + a
( )
e
> 0
12
2010
E X A MI N AT I O N
be used
Total marks 84
3370
Total marks 84
(a) Use the table of standard integrals to find
1
dx .
4
2

x
1
(d) Solve
3
< 4 .
x + 2
3
1
3
3
1
x
1
(b) Let x = . What is the domain of (x)?
( )
cos

2
(c) Solve ln(x + 6) = 2 ln x.
(e) Use the substitution u = 1 x to evaluate

1
x 1 x dx.

0

(f) Five ordinary six-sided dice are thrown.
What is the probability that exactly two of the dice land showing a four?
Leave your answer in unsimplified form.
2

2
(a) The derivative of a function (x) is given by
(x) = sin
2
x.
Find (x), given that (0) = 2.
(b) The mass M of a whale is modelled by
M = 36 35.5e
kt
,
where M is measured in tonnes, t is the age of the whale in years and k is a
positive constant.
(i) Show that the rate of growth of the mass of the whale is given by the 1
2
1
differential equation
dM
= k
(
36 M
)
.
dt
(ii) When the whale is 10 years old its mass is 20 tonnes.
Find the value of k, correct to three decimal places.
(iii) According to this model, what is the limiting mass of the whale?
3

(c) Let
P(x) = (x + 1)(x 3) Q(x) + ax + b,
where Q(x) is a polynomial and a and b are real numbers.
The polynomial P(x) has a factor of x 3.
When P(x) is divided by x + 1 the remainder is 8.
(i) Find the values of a and b. 2
1
3
(ii) Find the remainder when P(x) is divided by (x + 1)(x 3).
(d) A radio transmitter M is situated 6 km from a straight road. The closest point on
the road to the transmitter is S.
A car is travelling away from S along the road at a speed of 100 km h
1
. The
distance from the car to S is x km and from the car to M is r km.
M
6
r
S x
dr
Find an expression in terms of x for , where t is time in hours.
dt
End of Question 2
4

y
x
(a) At the front of a building there are five garage doors. Two of the doors are to be
painted red, one is to be painted green, one blue and one orange.
(i) How many possible arrangements are there for the colours on the doors?
(ii) How many possible arrangements are there for the colours on the doors
if the two red doors are next to each other?
1
1
2
(b) Let ( ) x =
e
x
. The diagram shows the graph y = ( ) x .
(i) The graph has two points of inflexion.
Find the x coordinates of these points.
(ii) Explain why the domain of (x) must be restricted if (x) is to have an
inverse function.
(iii) Find a formula for
1
( ) x if the domain of (x) is restricted to x 0.
(iv) State the domain of
1
( ) x .
(v) Sketch the curve y =
1
( ) x .
2
(vi) (1) Show that there is a solution to the equation =
x e
x
between
x = 0.6 and x = 0.7.
(2) By halving the interval, find the solution correct to one decimal
place.

3
1
2
1
1
1
1

5

(a) A particle is moving in simple harmonic motion along the x-axis.
Its velocity v, at x, is given by v
2
= 24 8x 2x
2
.
(i) Find all values of x for which the particle is at rest.
(ii) Find an expression for the acceleration of the particle, in terms of x.
(iii) Find the maximum speed of the particle.
1
1
2
3
2
(b) (i) Express
where R > 0 and .
2 2
3
cos cos
+ +

0
2
< <

in the form R cos ( + ),
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve
for 0 < < 2.
2 cos 2 cos +

, 3 =
6
3
2
(c) The diagram shows the parabola x = 4ay. The point P(2ap, ap
2
), where p 0,
is on the parabola.
y
O x
L
P (2ap, ap
2
)
S (0, a)
y = a M
The tangent to the parabola at P, y = px ap
2
, meets the y-axis at L.
The point M is on the directrix, such that PM is perpendicular to the directrix.
Show that SLMP is a rhombus.
End of Question 4
7

(a) A boat is sailing due north from a point A towards a point P on the shore line.
The shore line runs from west to east.
In the diagram, T represents a tree on a cliff vertically above P, and L represents
a landmark on the shore. The distance PL is 1 km.
From A the point L is on a bearing of 020, and the angle of elevation to T is 3.
After sailing for some time the boat reaches a point B, from which the angle of
elevation to T is 30.
1 km
E
N
20
3

3
0
W
P
NOT TO
SCALE
B
A
L
T
(i) Show that
BP =
.

3 3
20
tan
tan
3
1 (ii) Find the distance AB.
8

1
1
2
(b) Let x x
x
( ) = +

tan tan
1 1
1
for x 0.
(i)
(ii)
By differentiating (x), or otherwise, show that for
Given that (x) is an odd function, sketch the graph y = (x).
x ( ) =

2
x > 0. 3
1
(c) In the diagram, ST is tangent to both the circles at A.
The points B and C are on the larger circle, and the line BC is tangent to the
smaller circle at D. The line AB intersects the smaller circle at X.
S
C
A
D
X
B
T
(i) Explain why AXD = ABD + XDB.
(ii) Explain why AXD = TAC + CAD.
(iii) Hence show that AD bisects BAC.
End of Question 5
9

(a) (i) Show that cos(A B) = cos A cos B(1 + tan A tan B). 1
1 (ii) Suppose that and .
Deduce that if , then
0
2
< < B

tan tan A B = 1 A B
B A < <
= .

2
(b) A basketball player throws a ball with an initial velocity v m s
1
at an angle
to the horizontal. At the time the ball is released its centre is at (0, 0), and the
player is aiming for the point (d, h) as shown on the diagram. The line joining
(0, 0) and (d, h) makes an angle with the horizontal, where . 0
2
< < <

y
x
d
(d, h)

Assume that at time t seconds after the ball is thrown its centre is at the
point (x, y), where
x vt = cos
y vt sin 5
2
. = t
(You are NOT required to prove these equations.)
10

(i) If the centre of the ball passes through (d, h) show that
. v
d
2
2
5
=
cos sin cos tan
3
1
1
2
1
2
(ii) (1) What happens to v as
(2) What happens to v as
?
?

2
(iii) For a fixed value of , let
Show that when .
F
( )
= cos sin
tan tan 2 1 =
( )
= F 0
. cos tan
2
(iv) Using part (a) (ii) or otherwise show that
( )
F = 0 when =

2
.
+
4
(v) Explain why v
2
is a minimum when =

2
.
+
4
End of Question 6
11

(a) Prove by induction that
47
n
+ 53 147
n 1
is divisible by 100 for all integers n 1.
3
1
1
2
(b) The binomial theorem states that
1
0 1
+ ( ) =

x
n n
x
n
2
2
+

n
x
3
3
+

n
x ++ + .

n
n
x
n
(i)
(ii)
Show that .
Hence, or otherwise, find the value of
.
2
0
n
k
n
n
k
=

=

100
0
100
1
100
2
100
100

+ +

(iii) Show that n
n
2
1
= k
n
k
k
n
1 =

.
12

(c) (i) A box contains n identical red balls and n identical blue balls. A selection 1
1
3
of r balls is made from the box, where 0 r n.
Explain why the number of possible colour combinations is r + 1.
(ii) Another box contains n white balls labelled consecutively from 1 to n.
A selection of n r balls is made from the box, where 0 r n.
Explain why the number of different selections is .
n
r

(iii) The n red balls, the n blue balls and the n white labelled balls are all
placed into one box, and a selection of n balls is made.
Using part (b), or otherwise, show that the number of different selections
is (n + 2)2
n 1
.
End of paper
13
BLANK PAGE
14
BLANK PAGE
15
STANDARD INTEGRALS

n n+1

x dx =
1
x , n 1; x 0, if n < 0
n + 1

1

dx = ln x , xx > 0
x

1
ax ax

e dx = e , a 0

a

1

cosax dx = sinax , aa 0

a

1

sin ax dx = cosax , a 0

a

2

sec ax dx =
1
tan t ax , a 0
a

1

secax tanax dx = secax , a 0

a

1 1 x
dx = tan
1
, a 0

2 2 a a

aa + x

1 x

dx = sin
1
, aa > 0, a < x < a
a
a x
2 2

1
2 2

dx = ln
(
x + x a
)
, x > a >> 0

x
2
a
2
1
2 2

dx = ln
(
x + x + a
)

2 2

x + a
NOTE : ln x = log xx , x > 0
e
16

HSC Past 3unit Exam

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HSC Past 3unit Exam

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2001

> < <

= > < <

= > < <

= > < <

= > < <

< < , with an initial

(a) Show that, when 0 < , the cross-sectional area is

cosax dx = sin ax, a 0

sec ax tan ax dx = sec ax, aa 0

(b) Let ( ) x = 2cos

(ii) Showthatthepaintballhitsthebarrieratheighth metreswhen

secax tanax dx secax , a

(b) (i) Express 3 sin x + 4 cos x in the form A sin(x + ) where 0 .

secax tan ax dx = secax , a 0

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