BIS 2006

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
I S 6403 : 1981
(Rea ffi r med 2002)
Ed i t i on 2.1
(1984-05)
P r i ce Gr ou p 4
Indian S tandard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision )
(Incor por at ing Amendment No. 1)
UDC 624.151.5 : 624.131.52 : 006.76
I S 6403 : 1981
BIS 2006
BUREAU OF I NDI AN STANDARDS
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r epr oduct ion in whole or in par t by any means except wit h wr it t en per mission of t he
publisher shall be deemed t o be an infr ingement of copyr ight under t he said Act .
Indian S tandard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision )
Foundat ion Engineer ing Sect ional Commit t ee, BDC 43
Chairman Representing
PROF DINESH MOHAN Cent r al Building Resear ch Inst it ut e (CSIR), Roor kee
Members
DR R. K. BHANDARI Cent r al Building Resear ch Inst it ut e (CSIR), Roor kee
CHIEF ENGINEER Calcut t a Por t Tr ust , Calcut t a
SHRI S. GUHA ( Alternat e )
SHRI M. G. DANDAVATE The Concr et e Associat ion of India, Bombay
SHRI N. C. DUGGAL ( Alt ernate )
DR R. K. DAS GUPTA Simplex Concr et e Piles (India) Pvt , Lt d, Calcut t a
ADDITIONAL CHIEF ENGINEER ( Alt ernate )
SHRI A. G. DASTIDAR In per sonal capacit y ( 5 Hungerford Road, 121
Hungerford S treet, Calcut ta )
SHRI V. C. DESHPANDE The Pr essur e Piling Co (I) Pvt Lt d, Bombay
DIRECTOR (CSMRS) Cent r al Wat er Commission, New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOR (CSMRS) ( Alternat e )
SHRI A. H. DIVANJ I Asia Foundat ions and Const r uct ion Co Pvt Lt d,
Bombay
SHRI A. N. J ANGLE ( Alt ernate )
DR J AGDISH NARAIN Indian Geot echnic Societ y, New Delhi
PROF SWAMI SARAN ( Alternate )
SHRI G. S. J AIN G. S. J ain & Associat es, Roor kee
SHRI ASHOK KUMAR J AIN ( Alternat e )
J OINT DIRECTOR (D) Nat ional Buildings Or ganisat ion, New Delhi
SHRI SUNIL BERY ( Alternat e )
J OINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH (SM) Minist r y of Railways (RDSO)
J OINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH (B & S) ( Alternate )
( Continued on page 2 )
I S 6403 : 1981
2
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Represent ing
DR R. K. KATTI Indian Inst it ut e of Technology, Bombay
SHRI S. R. KULKARNI M. N. Dast ur & Co Pvt Lt d, Calcut t a
SHRI S. ROY ( Alt ernate )
SHRI O. P. MALHOTRA Public Wor ks Depar t ment , Chandigar h Administ r a-
t ion, Chandigar h
SHRI A. P. MATHUR Cent r al War ehousing Cor por at ion, New Delhi
SHRI V. B. MATHUR Machenzies Limit ed, Bombay
SHRI T. K. D. MUNSI Engineer s India Limit ed, New Delhi
SHRI M. IYENGAR ( Alt ernate )
BRIG OMBIR SINGH Engineer -in-Chiefs Br anch, Ar my Headquar t er s,
New Delhi
MAJ H. K. BHUTANI ( Alt ernate )
SHRI B. K. PANTHAKY The Hindust an Const r uct ion Company Limit ed,
Bombay
SHRI V. M. MADGE ( Alt ernate )
SHRI M. R. PUNJ A Cemindia Co Lt d, Bombay
SHRI S. MUKHERJ EE ( Alternate )
SHRI N. E. V. RAGHVAN The Br ait hwait e Bur n & J essop Const r uct ion Co Lt d,
Calcut t a
SHRI A. A. RAJ U Vijayanagar St eel Plant (St eel Aut hor it y of India),
New Delhi
PROF GOPAL RANJ AN Univer sit y of Roor kee, Roor kee
SHRI T. N. SUBBA RAO Gammon India Limit ed, Bombay
SHRI S. A. REDDI ( Alternat e )
SHRI Y. V. NARASIMHA RAO Bokar o St eel Plant (St eel Aut hor it y of India), Bokar o
DR V. V. S. RAO Nagadi Consult ant s Pvt Lt d, New Delhi
SHRI ARJ UN RIJ HSINGHANI Cement Cor por at ion of India, New Delhi
SHRI O. S. SRIVASTAVA ( Alternat e )
DR A. SARGUNAN College of Engineer ing, Guindy
SHRI S. BOOMINATHAN ( Alt ernate )
SHRI K. R. SAXENA Public Wor ks Depar t ment , Gover nment of Andhr a
Pr adesh, Hyder abad
DR S. P. SHRIVASTAVA Unit ed Technical Consult ant s Pvt Lt d, New Delhi
DR R. KAPUR ( Alternat e )
SHRI N. SIVAGURU Minist r y of Shipping and Tr anspor t , New Delhi
SHRI D. V. SIKKA ( Alt ernate )
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER
(DESIGNS)
Cent r al Public Wor ks Depar t ment , New Delhi
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
(DESIGNS) V ( Alt ernate )
SHRI M. D. TAMBEKAR Bombay Por t Tr ust , Bombay
DR A. VARADARAJ AN Indian Inst it ut e of Technology, New Delhi
DR R. KANIRAJ ( Alt ernate )
SHRI G. RAMAN,
Dir ect or (Civ Engg)
Dir ect or Gener al, ISI ( Ex-officio Member )
S ecret ary
SHRI K. M. MATHUR
Deput y Dir ect or (Civ Engg), ISI
( Continued on page 16 )
I S 6403 : 1981
3
Indian S tandard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision )
0. F O R E W O R D
0.1 This Indian St andar d (Fir st Revision) was adopt ed by t he Indian
St andar ds Inst it ut ion on 30 J anuar y 1981, aft er t he dr aft finalized by
t he Foundat ion Engineer ing Sect ional Commit t ee had been appr oved
by t he Civil Engineer ing Division Council.
0.2 The bear ing capacit y of foundat ions is needed for dimensioning t he
foundat ion for any st r uct ur e. Sever al met hods ar e available for t he
det er minat ion of bear ing capacit y of shallow foundat ions and t his
st andar d gives some of t he met hods which ar e commonly used for t he
pur pose. Compar ison of t he r esult s shows t hat when each of t he
var ious met hods is applied t o differ ent pr oblems no one met hod
consist ent ly gives higher or lower values of allowable bear ing
pr essur e. The designer must t her efor e r egar d t he met hods as aids t o
design which cannot r eplace t he cr it ical r ole of engineer ing judgement .
0.2.1 This st andar d was fir st published in 1971. The pr incipal modi-
ficat ions made in t his r evision ar e: (a) keeping it s t er minology in line
wit h t hat of ot her r elat ed Indian St andar ds, (b) giving gener alized
equat ions for calculat ion of ult imat e bear ing capacit y, (c) including cone
penet r at ion met hods and (d) delet ing adjust ment for fine sand and silt .
0.3 This edit ion 2.1 incor por at es Amendment No. 1 (May 1984). Side
bar indicat es modificat ion of t he t ext as t he r esult of incor por at ion of
t he amendment .
0.4 For t he pur pose of deciding whet her a par t icular r equir ement of
t his st andar d is complied wit h, t he final value, obser ved or calculat ed,
expr essing t he r esult of a t est or analysis, shall be r ounded off in
accor dance wit h IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places
r et ained in t he r ounded off value should be t he same as t hat of t he
specified value in t his st andar d.
*Rules for r ounding off numer ical values ( revised ).
I S 6403 : 1981
4
1. SCOP E
1.1 This st andar d cover s t he pr ocedur e for det er mining t he ult imat e
bear ing capacit y and allowable bear ing pr essur e of shallow
foundat ions based on shear and allowable set t lement cr it er ia.
2. TERMI NOLOGY
2.0 For t he pur pose of t his st andar d, t he following definit ions shall
apply.
2.1 Te r ms Re l a t i n g t o Be a r in g Ca p a ci t y
2.1.1 Net Loading Intensit y The net loading int ensit y on t he
foundat ion is t he gr oss int ensit y of loading minus t he weight of
displaced soil above t he foundat ion base.
2.1.2 Ult imate Bearing Capacity The int ensit y of loading at t he base
of t he foundat ion which would cause shear failur e of t he soil suppor t .
2.1.3 S afe Bearing Capacity Maximum int ensit y of loading t hat t he
foundat ion will safely car r y wit hout t he r isk of shear failur e of soil
ir r espect ive of any set t lement t hat may occur .
2.1.4 S afe Bearing Pressure or Net S oil Pressure for S pecified
S ettlement The int ensit y of loading t hat will cause a per missible
set t lement or specified set t lement of t he st r uct ur e.
2.1.5 Allowable Bearing Capacit y The net int ensit y of loading which
t he foundat ion will car r y wit hout under going set t lement in excess of
t he per missible value for t he st r uct ur e under consider at ion but not
exceeding net safe bear ing capacit y.
2.2 Gen er a l Ter ms
2.2.1 Densit y Index ( Relative Density ) The r at io of t he differ ence
bet ween t he void r at ios of cohesionless soil in t he loosest st at e and any
given st at e t o t he differ ence bet ween it s void r at ios at t he loosest and
densest st at es.
2.2.2 Effective S urcharge at the Base Level of Foundat ion The
int ensit y of ver t ical pr essur e at t he base level of foundat ion, comput ed
assuming t ot al unit weight for t he por t ion of soil above t he wat er t able
and submer ged unit weight for t he por t ion below t he wat er t able.
2.2.3 Foot ing A st r uct ur e const r uct ed in br ickwor k, masonr y or
concr et e under t he base of a wall or column for t he pur pose of
dist r ibut ing t he load over a lar ger ar ea.
2.2.4 Foundat ion That par t of a st r uct ur e which is in dir ect cont act
wit h soil and t r ansmit s loads int o it .
I S 6403 : 1981
5
2.2.5 S hallow Foundation A foundat ion whose widt h is gr eat er t han
it s dept h. The shear ing r esist ance of t he soil in t he sides of t he found-
at ion is gener ally neglect ed.
3. SYMBOLS
3.1 For t he pur pose of t his code and unless ot her wise defined in t he
t ext , t he following let t er symbols shall have t he meaning indicat ed
against each:
A = Ar ea of foot ing in cm
2
A' = Effect ive ar ea of foot ing in cm
2
B = Widt h of st r ip foot ing, widt h of foot ing,
side of squar e foot ing, diamet er of cir cular
foot ing in cm
B' = Effect ive widt h of foot ing in cm
b = Half of B
c = Cohesion in kgf/cm
2
c
1
= Undr ained cohesion of t he t op layer in
kgf/cm
2
c
2
= Undr ained cohesion of t he lower clay layer
in kgf/cm
2
D
f
= Dept h of foundat ion in cm
D
w
= Dept h t o wat er t able in cm
d = Dept h of t op clay layer wit h undr ained
cohesion c
1
d
c
, d
q
, d = Dept h fact or s
e = Eccent r icit y of loading in cm
e
B
= Eccent r icit y of loading along t he widt h in
cm
e
L
= Eccent r icit y of loading along t he lengt h in
cm
H = Hor izont al component of loading in kgf
i
c
, i
q
, i = Inclinat ion fact or s
K
d
= Dept h fact or (var ies linear ly fr om 1 for
dept h D
f
= 0 t o 1.33 for dept h D
f
= B )
L = Lengt h of foot ing in cm
L
'
= Effect ive lengt h of foot ing in cm
N = Cor r ect ed st andar d penet r at ion value
N
c
, N
'
c
, N
q
, N
'
q
, N, N
'
= Bear ing capacit y fact or s
I S 6403 : 1981
6
4. GENERAL
4.1 Sufficient number of undist ur bed samples, about 40 t o 100 mm in
diamet er or mor e or block samples should be obt ained, wher e possible.
These samples ar e for t he det er minat ion of field densit y of soil and
conduct ing t est s for det er mining t he r elevant shear and consolidat ion
par amet er s of t he soil. Test s on soils should be conduct ed in
accor dance wit h r elevant par t s of IS : 2720*.
4.2 Posit ion and fluct uat ion of wat er t able should be ascer t ained.
Refer ence may be made t o IS : 1892-1979 and IS : 2132-1972 for
guidance r egar ding invest igat ions and collect ion of dat a.
5. ULTI MATE NET BEARI NG CAP ACI TY
5.0 Gen er a l Thr ee t ypes of failur e of soil suppor t beneat h t he
foundat ions have been r ecognized, depending upon t he defor mat ions
associat ed wit h t he load and t he ext ent of development of failur e sur face.
N = t an
2
( /4 + /2)
q = Effect ive sur char ge at t he base level of
foundat ion in kgf/cm
2
q
a
= Net soil pr essur e for a specified
set t lement of 25 mm in kgf/cm
2
q
c
= St at ic cone penet r at ion r esist ance in kgf/
cm
2
q
d
= Net ult imat e bear ing capacit y based on
gener al shear failur e in kgf/cm
2
q
'
d
= Net ult imat e bear ing capacit y based on
local shear failur e in kgf/cm
2
R = Relat ive densit y of soil
W
'
= Cor r ect ion fact or for locat ion of wat er
t able
s
c
, s
q
, s = Shape fact or s
= Inclinat ion of t he load t o t he ver t ical in
degr ees
= Angle of shear ing r esist ance of soil in
degr ees
= Bulk unit weight of foundat ion soil kgf/cm
3
*Met hods of t est for soils.
Code of pr act ice for subsur face invest igat ions for foundat ions ( first revision ).
Code of pr act ice for t hin-walled t ube sampling of soils ( first revision ).

I S 6403 : 1981
7
They ar e: a) gener al shear failur e, b) local shear failur e and
c) punching shear . The choice of which met hod of analysis is best suit ed
in a given sit uat ion is difficult t o make, because only limit ed t est dat a
ar e available on full sized foundat ions t o ver ify t he r eliabilit y of t he
comput ed bear ing capacit y. However , guidelines given in r elevant
clauses may be used for guidance. Wher ever possible bear ing capacit y
calculat ions shall be made on t he basis of shear st r engt h par amet er s
and c obt ained fr om appr opr iat e shear t est s [ see IS : 2720 (Par t s XI
and XIII)* ] or fr om plat e load t est r esult s as given in IS : 1888-1981
or fr om st at ic cone penet r at ion r esist ance q
c
obt ained fr om st at ic cone
penet r at ion t est as given in IS : 4968 (Par t III)-1976.
5.0.1 Effect of Eccentricity
a) S ingle Eccent ricit y If t he load has an eccent r icit y e, wit h
r espect t o t he cent r oid of t he foundat ion in only one dir ect ion,
t hen t he dimension of t he foot ing in t he dir ect ion of eccent r icit y
shall be r educed by a lengt h equal t o 2 e. The modified dimension
shall be used in t he bear ing capacit y equat ion and in det er mining
t he effect ive ar ea of t he foot ing in r esist ing t he load.
b) Double Eccent ricity If t he load has double eccent r icit y ( e
L
and
e
B
) wit h r espect t o t he cent r oid of t he foot ing t hen t he effect ive
dimensions of t he foot ing t o be used in det er mining t he bear ing
capacit y as well as in comput ing t he effect ive ar ea of t he foot ing
in r esist ing t he load shall be det er mined as given below:
L' = L 2 e
L
B' = B 2 e
B
A' = L' B'
5.1 Soi ls wi t h Coh e si on a n d An gle of Sh e a r i n g Re si st a n ce
5.1.1 The following for mul shall be used for calculat ing ult imat e net
bear ing capacit y in t he case of st r ip foot ings:
The values of N
c
, N'
c
, N
q
, N
'
q, N and N
'

may be obt ained fr om
Table 1.
*Met hods of t est for soils: Par t XI Det er minat ion of shear st r engt h par amet er s of a
specimen t est ed in unconsolidat ed undr ained t r iaxial compr ession wit hout t he
measur ement of por e wat er pr essur e, and Par t XIII Dir ect shear t est ( first revision ).
Met hod of load t est on soils ( second revision ).
Met hod for subsur face sounding for soils: Par t III St at ic cone penet r at ion t est
( first revision ).
a) In case of gener al shear failur e q
d
= cN
c
+ q ( N
q
1 ) +
B N
b) In case of local shear failur e q'
d
=
cN'
c
+ q ( N'
q
1 ) +
BN'
1
2
---
2
3
---
1
2
---
I S 6403 : 1981
8
5.1.2 The ult imat e net bear ing capacit y obt ained in 5.1.1 for st r ip
foot ing shall be modified t o t ake int o account , t he shape of t he foot ing,
inclinat ion of loading, dept h of embedment and effect of wat er t able.
The modified bear ing capacit y for mul ar e given as under :
5.1.2.1 The shape fact or s shall be as given in Table 2.
TABLE 1 BEARI NG CAP ACI TY F ACTORS
( Clause 5.1.1 )
BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
(Degr ees)
N
c
N
q
N
0 5.14 1.00 0.00
5 6.49 1.57 0.45
10 8.35 2.47 1.22
15 10.98 3.94 2.65
20 14.83 6.40 5.39
25 20.72 10.66 10.88
30 30.14 18.40 22.40
35 46.12 33.30 48.03
40 75.31 64.20 109.41
45 138.88 134.88 271.76
50 266.89 319.07 762.89
NOTE For obt aining values of N'
c
, N'
q
and N', calculat e
' = t an
1
(0 67 t an ).
Read N
c
, N
q
, and N

, fr om t he Table cor r esponding t o t he value of

'
inst ead of
which ar e values of N
'
c
, N
'
q
, N
'

r espect ively.
a) In case of gener al shear
=
cN
c
s
c
d
c
i
c
+ q( N
q
1 ) s
q
d
q
i
q
failur e qd + B Nsdi W
'
b) In case of local shear
=
cN'
c
s
c
d
c
i
c
+ q( N'
q
1 ) s
q
d
q
i
q
failur e q'd + BN
'
sdi W
'
TABLE 2 SHAP E F ACTORS
SL
NO.
SHAPE OF BASE SHAPE FACTOR
s
c
s
q
s
i) Cont inuous st r ip 1.00 1.00 1.00
ii) Rect angle 1 + 0.2 B/L 1 + 0.2 B/L 1 0.4 B/L
iii) Squar e 1.3 1.2 0.8
iv) Cir cle 1.3 1.2 0.6
Use B as t he diamet er in t he bear ing capacit y for mula.
; )
)
;

1
2
---
)
;

2
3
---
1
2
---
; )
I S 6403 : 1981
9
5.1.2.2 The dept h fact or s shall be as under :
NOTE The cor r ect ion is t o be applied only when back filling is done wit h pr oper
compact ion.
5.1.2.3 The inclinat ion fact or shall be as under :
i
c
= i
q
=
i =
5.1.2.4 Effect of water t able
5.2 Coh e si on le ss Soi l ( c = 0 ) The ult imat e net bear ing capacit y
shall be calculat ed as given in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
5.2.1 Based on Relative Densit y The for mul given in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
shall be used, t oget her wit h r elevant shear st r engt h par amet er .
5.2.1.1 The r elat ive densit y as given in Table 3 shall be used as a guide
t o det er mine t he met hod of analysis.
d
c
= 1 + 0.2 D
f
/B
d
q
= d = 1 for < 10
d
q
= d = 1 + 0.1 D
f
/B for > 10
a) If t he wat er t able is likely t o per manent ly r emain at or below a
dept h of ( D
f
+ B ) beneat h t he gr ound level sur r ounding t he
foot ing t hen W
'
= 1.
b) If t he wat er t able is locat ed at a dept h D
f
or likely t o r ise t o t he
base of t he foot ing or above t hen t he value of W
'
shall be t aken
as 0.5.
c) If t he wat er t able is likely t o per manent ly got locat ed at dept h
D
f
< D
w
< ( D
f
+ B ), t hen t he value of W
' be obt ained by linear
int er polat ion.
TABLE 3 METHOD OF ANALYSI S BASED ON RELATI VE DENSI TY
SL
NO.
RELATIVE DENSITY
(DENSITY INDEX)
VOID
RATIO
CONDITION METHOD OF ANALYSIS
i) Gr eat er t han 70 per cent Less
t han
0.55
Dense Gener al shear
ii) Less t han 20 per cent Gr eat er
t han
0.75
Loose Local shear (as well as
punching shear )
iii) 20 t o 70 per cent 0.55 t o
0.75
Medium Int er polat e b e t w e e n
i) and ii)
N

1

90
------ -
,
_

2
1

---
,
_

2
I S 6403 : 1981
10
5.2.2 Based on S tandard Penetration Resistance Value The st andar d
penet r at ion r esist ance shall be det er mined as per IS : 2131-1981* at a
number of select ed point s at int er vals of 75 cm in t he ver t ical dir ect ion
or change of st r at a if it t akes place ear lier and t he aver age value
beneat h each point shall be det er mined bet ween t he level of t he base of
t he foot ing and t he dept h equal t o 1.5 t o 2 t imes t he widt h of
foundat ion. In comput ing t he value, any individual value mor e t han
50 per cent of t he aver age calculat ed shall be neglect ed and aver age
r e-calculat ed (t he values for all loose seams shall however be included).
5.2.2.1 The ult imat e net bear ing capacit y shall be calculat ed fr om
following for mula (cover ing effect of ot her fact or s as ment ioned
in 5.1.2):
q
d
= q( N
q
1 ) s
q
d
q
i
q
+ BNsdi W
'
Wher e may be r ead fr om Fig. 1, N, N
q
may be r ead fr om Table 1,
S
q
, d
q
, i
q
, s, d, i, and W
'
may be obt ained as in 5.1.
5.2.3 Met hod Based on S tat ic Cone Penetration Test The st at ic cone
point r esist ance q
c
shall be det er mined as per IS : 4968
(Par t III)-1976 at number of select ed point s at int er vals of 10 t o
15 cm. The obser ved values shall be cor r ect ed for t he dead weight of
sounding r ods. Then t he aver age value at each one of t he locat ion shall
be det er mined bet ween t he level of t he base of t he foot ing and t he
dept h equal t o 1 t o 2 t imes t he widt h of t he foot ing. The aver age of
t he st at ic cone point r esist ance values shall be det er mined for each one
of t he locat ion and minimum of t he aver age values shall be used in t he
design. The ult imat e bear ing capacit y of shallow st r ip foot ings on
cohesionless soil deposit s shall be det er mined fr om Fig. 2.
5.3 Coh e si ve Soi l (wh e n = 0)
5.3.1 Homogeneous Layer
5.3.1.1 The net ult imat e bear ing capacit y immediat ely aft er cons-
t r uct ion on fair ly sat ur at ed homogeneous cohesive soils shall be
calculat ed fr om following for mula:
q
d
=
cN
c
s
c
d
c
i
c
wher e
N
c
= 5.14.
*Met hod for st andar d penet r at ion t est for soils ( first revision ).
Met hod for subsur face sounding for soils: Par t III St at ic cone penet r at ion t est
( first revision ).
1
2
---
1
2
---
I S 6403 : 1981
11
FIG. 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AND N
I S 6403 : 1981
12
The value of c shall be obt ained fr om unconfined compr essive
st r engt h t est . Alt er nat ively, it can also be der ived fr om st at ic cone t est
( see 5.3.1.2 ). The values of s
c
, d
c
and i
c
may be obt ained as in 5.1. If
t he shear st r engt h for a dept h of B beneat h t he foundat ion does not
depar t fr om t he aver age by mor e t han 50 per cent , t he aver age may be
used in t he calculat ion.
5.3.1.2 Alt er nat ely, cohesion c shall be det er mined fr om t he st at ic cone
point r esist ance q
c
using t he empir ical r elat ionship shown below:
5.3.2 Two Layered S ystem In t he case of t wo layer ed cohesive soil
syst em which do not exhibit mar ked anisot r opy t he ult imat e net
bear ing capacit y of a st r ip foot ing can be calculat ed by using t he
for mula given below:
q
d
= c
1
N
c
wher e N
c
may be obt ained fr om Fig. 3.
FIG. 2 CHART FOR STATIC CONE TEST
S oil Type Point Resist ance Values
( q
c
) kgf/cm
2
Range of Undrained
Cohesion (kgf/cm
2
)
Nor mally consoli-
dat ed clays
q
c
< 20 q
c
/18 t o q
c
/15
Over consolidat ed
clays
q
c
> 20
t o
2
3
---
q
c
26
-------
)
;

'

q
c
22
------
I S 6403 : 1981
13
5.3.3 Desiccated S oil In t he case of desiccat ed cohesive soils, t he un-
dr ained cohesion is likely t o decr ease along wit h dept h and is likely t o
get st abilized at some dept h below gr ound level, ar ound 3.5 m, if ot her
fact or s do not influence. If a plot of undr ained cohesion, values as shown
in Fig. 4 is obt ained, and wher e t he pr essur e bulb falls wit hin t he
desiccat ed t op soil t he ult imat e net bear ing capacit y shall be obt ained
wit h t he assumpt ion of cylindr ical failur e sur face fr om Table 4.
FIG. 3 BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS FOR LAYERED
COHESIVE SOIL DEPOSITS
I S 6403 : 1981
14
, c
1
shall be obt ained fr om t he bor ehole dat a, and for a known
value of t he widt h of t he st r ip foot ing B, by t r ial and er r or q
d
can be
est imat ed by mat ching wit h .
6. ALLOWABLE BEARI NG CAP ACI TY
6.1 The allowable bear ing capacit y shall be t aken as eit her of t he
following, whichever is less:
a) Net ult imat e bear ing capacit y as obt ained in 5 divided by suit able
fact or of safet y, t hat is, net safe bear ing capacit y.
FIG. 4 DECREASING COHESION WITH DEPTH IN CASE OF DESICCATED
COHESIVE SOIL
TABLE 4 DATA F OR DETERMI NI NG ULTI MATE NET
BEARI NG CAP ACI TY
0.0 5.7
0.2 5.0
0.4 4.5
0.6 4.0
0.8 3.6
1.0 3.2
4 B
q
d
-----------
q
d
c
1
------ -

4B
q
d
------------
q
d
c
1
------
I S 6403 : 1981
15
b) The net soil pr essur e ( see 6.1.1 ) t hat can be imposed on t he base
wit hout t he set t lement exceeding t he per missible values as given
in IS : 1904-1978* t o be det er mined for each st r uct ur e and t ype of
soil, t hat is, safe bear ing pr essur e.
6.1.1 S afe Bearing Pressure The per missible set t lement s for differ ent
t ypes of soil for mat ions ar e specified in IS : 1904-1978*. The met hods for
calculat ions of set t lement s for assumed pr essur e fr om st andar d
penet r at ion r esist ance ar e specified in IS : 8009 (Par t I)-1976; by
calculat ing t he set t lement s for t wo or t hr ee pr obable soil pr essur es and
int er polat ing, t he net soil pr essur e for per missible set t lement may be
est imat ed. This safe bear ing pr essur e can also be calculat ed based on
plat e load t est ( see IS : 1888-1982 ).
*Code of pr act ice for st r uct ur al safet y of buildings: Shallow foundat ion ( second
revision ).
Code of pr act ice for calculat ion of set t lement of foundat ions: Par t I Shallow
foundat ions subject ed t o symmet r ical st at ic ver t ical loads.
Met hod of load t est on soils ( second revision ).
I S 6403 : 1981
16
( Continued from page 2 )
Bear ing Capacit y of Foundat ion Subcommit t ee, BDC 43 : 4
Convener Represent ing
SHRI S. GUHA Calcut t a Por t Tr ust , Calcut t a
Members
DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDARDS
(B&S), CB-I, RDSO
Minist r y of Railways
EXECUTIVE E N G I N E E R
(DESIGNS) V
Cent r al Public Wor ks Depar t ment , New Delhi
SHRI T. N. MUKHERJ EE Mar t in & Bur ns Co Lt d, Calcut t a
SHRI B. G. RAO Cent r al Building Resear ch Inst it ut e (CSIR), Roor kee
SHRI AMAR SINGH ( Alt ernate )
DR SWAMI SARAN Univer sit y of Roor kee, Roor kee
SHRI K. R. SAXENA Engineer ing Resear ch Labor at or y, Hyder abad
SHRI O. S. SRIVASTAVA Cement Cor por at ion of India, New Delhi
SHRI S. K. CHATTERJ EE ( Alternat e )
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Ame n d No. Da t e of I ssu e
Amd. No. 1 May 1984
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