How to determine statistical method 1) In a study on high blood pressure, all patients are measured at the beginning of the

study, given a treatment, and measured again. Thus, each subject has two measures, often called before and after measures. An alternative design for which this test is used is a matchedpairs or case-control study, in which each record in the data file contains the response for the patient and also for his or her matched control subject. In a blood pressure study, patients and controls might be matched by age (a 75-year-old patient with a 75-year-old control group member). (Paired t-test) 2) Patients with high blood pressure are randomly assigned to a placebo group and a treatment group. The placebo subjects receive an inactive pill, and the treatment subjects receive a new drug that is expected to lower blood pressure. After the subjects are treated for two months, the two- groups are used to compare the average blood pressures for the placebo group and the treatment group. Each patient is measured once and belongs to one group. (Independent t test) 3) A researcher might want to test whether the average IQ score for a group of students differs from 100. Or a cereal manufacturer can take a sample of boxes from the production line and check whether the mean weight of the samples differs from 1.3 pounds at the 95% confidence level. (One sample t-test) 4) Doughnuts absorb fat in various amounts when they are cooked. An experiment is set up involving three types of fat: peanut oil, corn oil, and lard. Peanut oil and corn oil are unsaturated fats, and lard is a saturated fat. Along with determining whether the amount of fat absorbed depends on the type of fat used, you could set up an a priori contrast to determine whether the amount of fat absorption differs for saturated and unsaturated fats.(ANOVA)

5) A meteorologist has measured the amount of rain in four cities for six months. She wants to know if there are different amounts of rain in the four cities. The following table shows the raw data: (Kruskalwallis) CITY_1 RANK CITY_2 RANK CITY_3 RANK CITY_4 RANK 68 93 123 83 108 122 SUM MEAN 8 16 24 14 19 23 104 17.33 119 116 101 103 113 84 22 21 17 18 20 15 113 18.83 70 68 54 73 81 68 10.5 8 1.5 12 13 8 53 8.83 61 54 59 67 59 70 5 1.5 3.5 6 3.5 10.5 30 5

6) Does the new math program improve student performance? Suppose you take a random sample of 20 students who are using a new algebra text which features group work and unit summaries and a second sample of 30 students who are using a more traditional text. You compare student achievement on the state test given to all students at the end of the course. Use the frequency table to determine if the proportions from each group are equal at each performance level. (Chi-square) Below grade level New text Old text 8 6 Total At grade level 6 15 Total Advanced 6 9 Total dfgsdfgsd Total Total